• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-39
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• 2023

The study investigates the impact of family ownership heterogeneity on the internationalization decisions of family-owned enterprises from ICT sectors in South Korea. The study uses prospect theory to explore the relationship between ownership structure and internationalization. The study finds that as performance improves, the ultimate owner (CEO) is negatively related to internationalization, while other family members are positively related, demonstrating the heterogeneous behavior of family members. The study suggests that the ultimate owner (CEO) tends to avoid risks associated with internationalization, while other family members are willing to take risks. To better understand the various risk behaviors of family firms regarding internationalization, the inherent heterogeneity of family firms, particularly in light of different risk behaviors between the ultimate owner (CEO) and other family members, may explain the inconsistent results in studies on the effect of family ownership on internationalization.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5-17
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to establish an conceptual framework to explain the mechanism of internationalization behavior being used by recently established retailer in emerging countries. Research design, data, and methodology - The existing research on retail internationalization has focused on global retailers located in advanced countries which have expanded their business to emerging countries. That is, "internationalization from top to bottom". However, recent years have seen a reversal in this trend, resulting in the emergence of "internationalization from bottom to top" by retailers based in emerging economies. In order to explore this reversal, this study attempts to develop an conceptual framework based on the theories of "innovation" and "retail format". Results - This study found an conceptual framework which was adopted both a concept of "formula" derived from the theory of retail format and a concept of "production and process innovation" derived from the theory of innovation as a core concept. Conclusions - The conceptual framework provided an understanding of how retailers in emerging countries have gained a competitive advantage over retail companies based in countries with advanced economies. It suggested that innovation that gave these companies a competitive edge was caused by competitive interaction which allowed them to expand to oversea markets.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.88-99
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• 2019

The objectives of this study is to Systematic literature review of internationalization of SMEs. Due to the economic characteristics of Korea, which depends on economic growth by exports, internationalization has become an essential management activity, not an option for SMEs. As a result, more than 400 studies related to the overseas expansion and internationalization of SMEs have been published in the past 20 years, focusing on major academic journals (such as KCI). Accordingly, the research trends used as advance research in internationalization research were analyzed of SMEs. Research targets were defined as the internationalization of SMEs and searched through 'RISS' (Research Information Sharing Service) as 'internationalization', 'global ', 'export', 'overseas expansion' and 'theory'. The analysis was carried out using a Systematic literature review. It was selected as the 76 studies and According to international research subjects and characteristics, the four areas of internationalization motive, process, outcomes, and support were analyzed. The results of the study confirmed that the most active research is focused on internationalization outcomes. This study could provide a support and the parties concerned in the ecosystem of SMEs in Korea with implications for the SMEs overseas market.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

This study identified types of online retail internationalization in the fast-fashion context and proposed driving factors of retailers' choices in online-based market entry following the logic of the Uppsala model and the eclectic theory. In particular, this study proposes three types of online-based internationalization: 1) entering a host market with a physical store first, and then expanding with an online store, 2) entering a foreign market with an online store, then expanding to physical stores, and 3) entering only with an online business. In addition, this study investigated the causal factors, ownership-specific and location advantages, that influence the choice of the type of developmental process of online-based internationalization. To develop theoretical and managerial insights into the issue researched, this study employed a qualitative research design involving case studies of three European fast-fashion retailers, H&M, TOPSHOP, and ASOS. This study suggested that fast-fashion retailers that enter a host market with high ownership-specific advantages are likely to choose to enter the market with physical stores and then expand with online stores. On the other hand, when faced with uncertainties attributable to low ownership-specific or location advantages, fast-fashion retailers are likely to choose to enter with an online store first and then expand with physical stores as conditions change. Consequently, this study provides a better understanding for fast-fashion retailers who are willing to expand their businesses to foreign markets via online stores.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1344-1361
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• 2016

ICT contents market is globally considered as an industry of high added value, where sustainability is accomplished through stories that cover wide range of consumers. However, the need for long-term internationalization strategy is growing as countless number of applications and games has pushed the local market to its limit. Thus, this research explored on the industrial characteristics and the internationalization of ICT contents firms through acquisition of competency. Based on Resource Dependence theory, the authors studied how pursuit of legitimacy and autonomy functioned in the expansion process of ICT contents firms. A survey analysis of 212 key decision makers of Korean ICT content firms were performed, to reveal that resource environment and interdependence must undergo a thorough consideration.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.269-274
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• 2022

Today, sports are becoming increasingly important for national development, with all countries raising the strategic goal of becoming a sports powerhouse. Among them, martial arts, which are active in China as the main stage among East Asian martial arts, have a long history and are meaningful, and the promotion of internationalization of martial arts is also important. In this study, major problems faced in the process of promoting martial arts internationalization in East Asia were analyzed in depth. Currently, the theoretical system of martial arts is inconsistent and insufficient, there is a big difference in cultural background from region to region, there is a lack of talent for internationalization, and innovative promotion methods are not yet mature. Based on the major problems encountered in the internationalization of each martial arts, we will analyze the internationalization strategy, establish a martial arts theory system, accept the diversity of martial arts culture, and supplement the internationalization talent supply mechanism to propose a martial arts internationalization promotion method. The future succession and development of Chinese martial arts on the global stage and the promotion of internationalization of the value of Chinese martial arts have important theoretical values and practical significance.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.61-78
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cash holdings on internationalization of listed manufacturing firms. We explore moderating effect of managerial ownership between cash holdings and internationalization of firms. We analysed cross-sectional data of 645 listed companies from 2000 to 2013 using the fixed effects estimation. Empirical results showed that the there was a positive significant relation between cash holdings and internationalization of firms This study also found that managerial ownership have a significant negative moderating effects in the pathway between cash holdings and internationalization Cash liquidities can be rapidly induced internationalization. Managerial ownership increase agency cost, therefore, it might have a negative effects on internationalization These results suggest that agency cost with cash holdings is very important for cash management.