• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.463-469
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To evaluate the fit of a three-unit metal framework of fixed dental prostheses made by subtractive and additive manufacturing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One master model of metal was fabricated. Twenty silicone impressions were made on the master die, working die of 10 poured with Type 4 stone, and working die of 10 made of scannable stone. Ten three-unit wax frameworks were fabricated by wax-up from Type IV working die. Stereolithography files of 10 three-unit frameworks were obtained using a model scanner and three-dimensional design software on a scannable working die. The three-unit wax framework was fabricated using subtractive manufacturing (SM) by applying the prepared stereolithography file, and the resin framework was fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM); both used metal alloy castings for metal frameworks. Marginal and internal gap were measured using silicone replica technique and digital microscope. Measurement data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U-test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The lowest and highest gaps between premolar and molar margins were in the SM group and the AM group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the marginal gap among the 3 groups (P<.001). In the marginal area where pontic was present, the largest gap was $149.39{\pm}42.30{\mu}m$ in the AM group, and the lowest gap was $24.40{\pm}11.92{\mu}m$ in the SM group. CONCLUSION. Three-unit metal frameworks made by subtractive manufacturing are clinically applicable. However, additive manufacturing requires more research to be applied clinically.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

this study examined the correlates of adult attachment focused on internal working models of 201 housewives. Findings indicated that 68.3% of subjects were classified as secure whereas 27.5% as avoidant and 4.2% as anxious. Greater security was associated with slightly less avoidance while greater anxiousness was associated with slightly greater avoidance. That is subjects who possessed more security tended to be less avoidant while subjects who possessed more anxiousness tended to be more avoidant. The primary characteristics classifying subjects into those three attachment styles were feelings about closeness dependence and anxiousness in relationships with others. Adult attachment was related in theoretically expected ways to one's history of attachment and parenting. Secure subjects were more likely to report warm/responsive parental caregiving style than insecure styles. Insecure subjects in comparison with secure subjects perceived their mothers as cold inconsistent and ot very responsive. Anxious subjects dscribed their fathers as cold and rejecting. The secure attachment style in comparsion with insecure styles was associated with positive mental models of self and social world indicating greater self-esteem positive beliefs about self and others positive relationships with their children greater marital satisfaction and greater secure attachment to their husbands. These results suggest that internal working model offers a useful perspective on adult attachment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.775-780
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• 2008

This paper reports on the internal flow of a centrifugal mini pump working at the low flow rate operating conditions. The RNG $\kappa-\varepsilon$ turbulence model was employed to simulate the three-dimensional turbulent flow in the pump. To examine and certify the simulation results, a transparent acrylic centrifugal mini pump model which is suitable for PIV measurement has been developed. The tongue region and the passages region between blades were investigated using PIV. In order to eliminate the effect of refraction on the area closed to the wall and increase the measurement accuracy, the fluorescent particles were scatted into the working fluid with the tracing particles. It is found from the calculation and PIV measurement results that there is a large area of recirculation flow near the tongue at low flow rate operating conditions. The computationally predicted water head using the $\kappa-\varepsilon$ turbulence model at low flow rate operating conditions are in very good agreement with the experimentally measured water head and the mean velocity distributions at investigation area obtained by PIV and calculation showed a satisfactory agreement as well. Meanwhile, the results of PIV measurements show that the flow status in one passage is different to another. And for capturing the internal flow detail information, the $\kappa-\varepsilon$ turbulence model is not very suitable.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is to review the recent studies about what attchment is, which historical background it has, how it develops and affects on the following development. Also the clinical implications of attachment and problems for its clinical application were discussed. As the quality of the attachment formed at earlier years is continued for a lifetime as the form of the internal working model, it affects persons' pathological development as well as normal one. Accordingly this article will be able to give a insight for prevention and treatment of pathological attachment and various psychological disorders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.371-384
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analysis path model of the research variables. Methods: The subjects of this study were 647 nurses who were working in the 8 general hospitals located in Seoul and Incheon area. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: In the modified path model, overall fitness indexes were $X^2$= 223.27, goodness of fit index=0.90, root mean square residual=0.039, root mean square error of approximation=0.12, non-normed fit index=0.96, and normed fit index=0.90. From the model, among research variables that influence organizational effectiveness motivator, job satisfaction and organizational identification affected directly work performance. In internal marketing factors, paid-leave, communication and reward affected directly motivator. Motivator and hygiene factors affected directly job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational identification. Conclusion: With these findings, paid-leave, communication, reward, motivator, job satisfaction and organizational identification were direct or indirect predictors of the work performance. Therefore nursing managers ought to develop internal marketing strategies and motivation enhancing system for nurses based on this path model in order to improve the nursing organizational effectiveness.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.377-382
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• 2007

To transform the enterprise system into the 'Real Time Enterprise' with respect to IT, I suggest the conceptual application model which is composed of pieces(components) extracted from different packaged applications working in a heterogeneous environment based on the 'business activity' in other words, business services provided by internal (inter-enterprise) and external (extended enterprise) application to support a business activity within in an enterprise and the design mechanism focusing service tier which acts as intermediate tier within application architecture.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-243
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• 2021

Rib spalling is a major issue affecting the safety of steeply inclined coal seam. And the failure coal face and support system can be affected with each other to generate a vicious cycle along with inducing large-scale collapse of surrounding rock in steeply inclined coal seam. In order to analyze failure mechanism and propose the corresponding prominent control measures of steeply inclined coal working face, mechanical model based on coal face-support-roof system and mechanical model of coal face failure was established to reveal the disaster mechanism of rib spalling and the sensitive analysis of related factors was performed. Furthermore, taking 3402 working face of Chen-man-zhuang coal mine as engineering background, numerical model by using FLAC3D was built to illustrate the propagation of displacement and stress fields in steeply inclined coal seam and verify the theory analysis as mentioned in this study. The results show that the coal face slide body in steeply inclined working face can be observed as the failure height of upper layer smaller than that of lower layer exhibiting with an irregular quadrilateral pyramid shape. Moreover, the cracks were originated from the upper layer of sliding body and gradually developed to the lower layer causing the final rib spalling. The influence factors on the stability of coal face can be ranked as overlying strata pressure (P) > mechanical parameters of coal body (e.g., cohesion (c), internal fraction angle (φ)) > support strength (F) > the support force of protecting piece (F') > the false angle of working face (Θ). Moreover, the corresponding control measures to maintain the stability of the coal face in the steeply inclined working face were proposed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.4504-4517
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• 2023

After a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in the prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) of nuclear power plants, the coupling of temperature and pressure can significantly affect the mechanical properties of the PCCVs. However, there is no consensus on how this coupling affects the failure mechanism of PCCVs. In this paper, a simplified finite element modeling method is proposed to study the effect of temperature and pressure coupling on PCCVs. The experiment results of a 1:4 scale PCCV model tested at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) are compared with the results obtained from the proposed modeling approach. Seven working conditions are set up by varying the internal and external temperatures to investigate the failure mechanism of the PCCV model under the coupling effect of temperature and pressure. The results of this paper demonstrate that the finite element model established by the simplified finite element method proposed in this paper is highly consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, the stress-displacement curve of the PCCV during loading can be divided into four stages, each of which corresponds to the damage to the concrete, steel liner, steel rebar, and prestressing tendon. Finally, the failure mechanism of the PCCV is significantly affected by temperature.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.436-446
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• 2017

This study was performed to verify the validity and utility of the Korean Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version(BRIEF-P). The BRIEF-P is one of the most used instruments to measure Executive Function(EF) and a teacher-rating assessment method designed to measure the executive function of preschoolers(age 2-5). A total of 200 preschoolers(104 boys, 96 girls; recruited aged 3 to 5years) participated. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate the model structure. Correlation analysis was done to verify the concurrent validity. In the results, the model fit indexes were good with the five BRIEF-P subscales (that is, inhibit, shift, emotional control, working memory, plan/organize). The internal consistency of the BRIEF-P five subscales were supported. As a results, the Korean Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version(BRIEF-P) was confirmed to be a reliable and valid assessment tool to measure executive function in preschoolers.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to understand disordered parent-child relationships of Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD) systematically through the mother’ internal working model of child. In this study, RAD mothers’internal representations of the child were compared with mothers’of control group and association between mothers’ representation classifications and children’ attachment classifications was examined. Also individual differences in mother-child interaction by mothers’representation classifications was observed. The subjects of this study were 40 2-5 year-old children and their mothers, 20 attachment disordered dyads and 20 normal dyads of control group. Mothers were interviewed using the Working Model of the Child(Zeanah, Benoit & Barton 1986) to classify internal representations of child. Children’ attachment patterns were assessed by the Strange Situation Procedure. For observation of motherchild interaction, Each dyad was seen in DPICS devised by Eyberg and Robinson(1983). The results of the study were as follows：1) Among RAD group, 55% of mothers were classified as disengaged and 45% classified as distorted, while all mothers of control group were classified as balanced. In rating scales, there were significant differences in all 3 representation classifications in Intensity of involvement and Coherence. In Intensity of involvement disengaged representations had the lowest score and distorted representations had the lowest score in Coherence. 2) Mothers’representation classifications were related to children’ attachment classifications. All mothers of control group whose children were classified as secure were classified as balanced. Among RAD’ mothers, by contrast, 82% of mothers classified as disengaged had children classified as anxious-avoidant, 56% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as disorganized / disoriented and 33% of mothers classified as distorted had children classified as anxious-resistant. 3) There were individual differences in mother-child interactions by mothers’representation classifications. In the child-centered play, mothers classified as disengaged used discriptive statement, reflective statement and discriptive-reflective question less than balanced mothers. Mothers classified as distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. In the clean-up task, mothers classified as disengaged and distorted used direct command and indirect command more than balanced mothers. The results of this study suggest that parents’working model of the child is an important factor to understand parent-child attachment relationships and their interactions. The understanding of parents’ working model of the child is thought to enrich our understanding of disordered parent-child relationships and to provide useful informations for specific and successful treatments.