• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-36
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• 2005

Cooperative teaching emerged as one of the interesting topics on curriculum administration and teaching-learning method in BSA(Busan Science Academy). The purpose of this study is to do research on social studies learning with respect to cooperative teaching, and to develop the model of cooperative teaching. The results of this study are as follows: First, We surveyed both the concept of cooperative teaching in all aspects and the methodological application on cooperative teaching. Second, We searched all teaching-learning methods in BSA in terms of cooperative teaching. Third, We studied cooperative teaching system on social studies considering current environmental factors. Forth, We performed seminar class which is constructed as one of the cooperative teaching models. The topic of seminar was 'The distortion and falsification of Koguryeo history in China'. The participants of seminar were volunteer students and social studies teachers whose subjects were geography, history, social studies, and ethics. And the participants conducted the research and cooperative learning based on teacher's subjects and subtopics. Fifth, The interactions between teacher and teacher, student and student, and teacher and student in the process of seminar preparation and publication were conducted very excitedly. Especially we found the possibility of cooperative teaching by the interaction between teachers. Finally, students developed the mind-frame to participate in social studies learning actively, and learned the method to research social affairs for themselves, and extended the eyes to approach social affairs with different opinions.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.371-377
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• 2007

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of microbial polyesters that can be produced by fermentation from renewable resources. PHAs can be used as completely biodegradable plastics or elastomers. In this paper, novel applications of PHAs in biosensor are described. A general platform technology was developed by using the substrate binding domain (SBD) of PHA depolymerase as a fusion partner to immobilize proteins of interest on PHA surface. It could be shown that the proteins fused to the SBD of PHA depolymerase could be specifically immobilized onto PHA film, PHA microbead, and microcontact printed PHA surface. We review the results obtained for monitoring the specific interaction between the SBO and PHA by using enhanced green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, single chain antibody against hepatitis B virus preS2 surface protein and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus surface antigen as model proteins. Thus, this system can be efficiently used for studying protein-protein and possibly protein-biomolecule interactions for various biotechnological applications.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-136
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• 2014

The covered interest rate parity condition (CIRP) has been widely used in open macroeconomic analysis, risk management, exchange rate forecasts, and so forth. Due to the recent global financial crises, there have been remarkable changes in the financial markets of the emerging markets. These changes possibly influenced the dynamics of the covered interest rate parity condition. In this paper, we investigate whether the CIRP dynamics has changed, and what is the nature of the regime changes. To do this, we propose and estimate multiple-state Markov regime switching models using a Bayesian MCMC method. Our estimation results indicate that the default risk or the deviation from the CIRP has been decreased after the crisis. It seems to be associated with the more active interaction between the short-term bond market and the short-term foreign exchange market than before. The tightened relation of these two financial markets is caused by the arbitrage transaction of foreign investors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.733-738
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• 2010

The leaves of Zizyphus jujuba have been used for various purposes including medicine and nutrition. In this study, the conditions for the ethanol extraction of antioxidant from Zizyphus jujuba were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design containing 15 experimental runs with three replicates was employed to study the effects of solvent extraction conditions such as extraction temperature ($^{\circ}C$, $X_1$), extraction time (min, $X_2$), and ethanol concentration (%, $X_3$) on the extraction yield of antioxidants from Zizyphus jujuba. The yields of total polyphenols and total flavonoid, and electron donating activity (EDA) were considered as response variables. The second-order polynomial model gave a satisfactory description of the experimental results showing different patterns of extraction conditions with variation in the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of the independent variables. Based on four-dimensional RSM, one of the optimized sets of conditions was 45% ethanol, $45^{\circ}C$, and an extraction time of 15 min. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted values were 177.64 mg/g dry basis, 35.99 mg/g dry basis, and 86.14% Vit.C equivalents for total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and EDA, respectively. The experimental values showed good agreements with the predicted values.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.240-258
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• 2020

The advances in science technology brought about a new form of learning called flipped-learning: a combination of on-line and off-line learning. A flipped learning is a form of blended learning which has become quite popular, nowadays, in the field of education. Despite the emphasis on the importance of medical humanities in medical education program, there are no effective teaching and learning models to realize the purpose of medical humanities education. This study explores the possibility of flipped-learning to apply medical humanities classes. The class was designed based on the ADDIE model consisting of five stages, analysis - design - development - execution - evaluation. In order to do 'flipped-learning,' the instructor reconstructs the purpose of medical humanities education, instructional purpose and content, and analyzed learner. The contents of the medical humanities class were structured considering the purpose of the introduction to the medical humanities in the medical education program and the competencies that medical personnel should have in the developed health care environment. The instructor produces a video of the lecture and makes it possible to use LMS (Learning Management System) before and after classes, and conducts discussion activities so that learner-learner and learner-teacher interaction could actively occur during the class. The result of applying medical humanities lesson as flipped learning is as follows: First, it can realize the essence of medical humanities education. Second, it contributes to strengthening the competencies of health care provider. Third, flip learning can be used as a new teaching strategy for medical humanities education. The result of this study is expected to suggest new ways of introduction to teaching method in the traditional medical humanities class and contribute to the practice of designing and doing flipped learning of medical humanities class in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.92-108
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• 2017

Present work shows a numerical method to analysis of interaction analysis between solitary wave and onshore bridge. Numerical simulation is carried out by TWOPM-3D (three-dimensional one-field model for immiscible two-phase flows), which is based on Navier-Stokes solver. To do this, the solitary wave is generated numerically in numerical wave channel, and numerical results and experimental results were compared and analyzed in order to verify the applicability of force acting on an onshore bridge. From this, we discussed precisely the characteristics of horizontal and vertical forces (uplift and downward forces) changes including water level and velocity changes due to the variation of solitary wave height, water depth, onshore bridge's location and type, and number of girder. Furthermore, It is revealed that the maximum horizontal and vertical forces acting on the girder bridge show different varying properties according to the number of girder, although each maximum force acting on the girder bridge is proportional to the increasement of incident solitary wave height, and the entrained air in the fluid flow affects the vertical force highly.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

The growth of the mobile device market has changed the education market and led to the quantitative growth of various media education. In particular, smart devices, which have better interaction than existing PCs or consoles, can develop more user-friendly content, allowing various types of educational content and inducing changes in traditional education methods for consumers. Although many researchers recently suggest viable development methods or marketing elements of contents, development companies, and developers, until now, merely rely on the human senses. Therefore, it is necessary to study the actual user's smart-device based usability and experience environment. This study aims to propose an intuitive statistical processing method for analyzing the usability of game-type educational contents in terms of form, for popular games that have been released as a basis for analyzing the user experience environment. In particular, because the game industry has a sufficient number of similar examples, it is possible to conduct research based on big data and to use them for immediate decision-making between multiple co-developers through the analysis method proposed by the research. It is expected to become an analytical model that can communicate with other industries because it is effective in securing data sources.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.25
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• pp.203-225
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• 2011

This study investigated hypothesized relationships between three personality traits, as defined by PEN model (Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism), and individual media dependency. The basic idea of the study was that individuals' goals are related to active media use, and the goals will be different based on differences in individuals' personality types. In addition, this study attempted to find whether there are gender difference in constructing media dependency relations with the media. The study was conducted online and the total number of participants was 337 (158 male and 179 female). Correlation analyses indicated no relationship between the extraversion and any of the IMD media use categories. Lower levels of psychoticism were related to a greater likelihood of utilizing the media in an effort to obtain self understanding and having fun more than higher levels of psychoticism. Individuals with higher levels of neuroticism were significantly more likely to depend on the media for achieving self understanding than those with lower levels of neuroticism. When the variable of participant gender was controlled for, there were different patterns of the relationships between personality types and IMD goals. This study showed that to varying degrees certain personality types are related to the goals individuals seek to fulfill with the media use. The implications of the study were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 1992

In the present study two sets of unbalanced two-way cross-classification data with and without empty cell(s) were used to evaluate empirically the various sums of squares in the analysis of variance table. Searle(1977) and Searle et.al.(1981) developed a method of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$) and R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) by the use of partitioned matrix of X'X for the model of no interaction, interchanging the columns of X in order of $\alpha, \mu, \beta$ and accordingly the elements in b. An alternative way of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$), R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) and R($\gamma$\mid$\mu, \alpha, \beta$) without interchanging the columns of X has been found by means of,$(X'X)^-$ derived, using $W_2 = Z_2Z_2-Z_2Z_1(Z_1Z_1)^-Z_1Z_2$. It is true that $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)\Sigma = SSA_W and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)\Sigma = SSB_W$ where $SSA_W$ and means analysis and $R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta) = R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)\Sigma$ for the data without empty cell, but not for the data with empty cell(s). It is also noticed that for the datd with empty cells under W - restrictions $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\alpha$\mid$\mu) and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\beta$\mid$\mu) but R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W \neq R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$. The hypotheses $H_o : K' b = 0$ commonly tested were examined in the relation with the corresponding sums of squares for $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu), R(\beta$\mid$\mu), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma), and R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$ under the restrictions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

The study was carried out to characterize the pharmacokinetics after intravenous (iv, 20 mg/kg) and oral (p.o. 100 mg/kg) administration as oxytetracycline (OTC) and tiamulin (TIA) mixture in swine and to determine interaction between OTC and TIA against various pig pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial effects of OTC in combination with TIA in vitro showed synergistic effect against Salmonella typhimurium 1925, Pasteurella multocida Type A, P. multocida Type D, Krebsiella Pneumoniae 2001, K. Pneumoniae 1560, K. Pneumoniae 2208, Haemophillus pleuropneumonia S 2, and H. pleuropneumonia S 5, but against additive effect E. coli K88ab and S. choleraesuis on the basis of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. On the while, after i.v. and p.o. administration of OTC and TIA mixture, each OTC and TIA concentrations in plasma were fitted to an open two-compartment model. After i.v. administration of OTC-TIA mixture, the mean distribution half-life ($T_{1/2{\alpha}}$) of OTC and TIA in plasma showed 0.29 h and 0.17 h, and the mean elimination half-life ($T_{1/2{\beta}}$) of those was 4.36 h and 6.64 h, respectively. The mean volume of distribution at steady state ($Vd_{ss}$) of OTC and TIA was $0.85{\ell}/kg$ and $2.44{\ell}/kg$, respectively. After oral administration of OTC and TIA mixture, the mean maximal absorption concentrations ($C_{max}$) of OTC and TIA were $0.60{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 1.07 h ($T_{max}$) and $1.68{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 1.85 h ($T_{max}$), respectively. The mean elimination half-life ($T_{1/2{\beta}}$) of those showed 6.84 h and 6.36 h. In conclusion, we could suggest in this study that the combination of OTC and TIA may be recommended for the antibacterial therapy against polymicrobial infections, and both OTC and TIA showed large distribution to tissues and high $C_{max}$ after p.o. administration.