• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a postpartum nursing intervention program for immigrant women and evaluate the effects on postpartum depression, child rearing confidence, home environment, and infant temperament. Methods: This research was a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. Participants were pregnant immigrant women from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines residing in Kyunggi province and Seoul. Twenty women were assigned to the intervention group, and 19 women to the control group. For the intervention group, the women were visited at home and provided emotional support and parenting education for three months. To analyze the intervention effects, repeated measure ANOVA and t-test were used. Results: Child rearing confidence was higher in the experimental group than the control group at interaction effect of time and group, six weeks and three months postpartum. However, there were no significant effects for maternal depression, infant temperament, and husband support. Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at three month postpartum. Conclusion: Results indicate that the nursing intervention program had positive effects and can be used to further the health status of immigrant mothers and children.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

A field study was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at Department Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, to evaluate the effects of harvest time and cultivar on forage yield and quality. Four whole crop barley cultivars ('Youngyang', 'Wooho', 'Yuyeon' and 'Dami') were selected and harvested on five separate growth stages (heading, and intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after heading) in split plot design with three replications. Results from this experiment indicated significant differences due to harvest time and cultivar in dry matter yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield for forage. The interaction between harvest time and cultivar was not significant. The TDN yield trends were increasing with later harvest time due to higher dry matter yield and TDN content. This experiment provides some interesting results with respects to optimum harvest time, feed value and ultimately yield for the different whole crop barley cultivars.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

Plasma is an ionized gas mixture, consisting of neutral particles, positive ions, negative electrons, electronically excited atoms and molecules, radicals, UV photons, and various reactive species. Also, plasma has unique physical properties distinct from gases, liquids, and solids. Until now, non-thermal plasmas have been widely utilized in bio-medical applications (called bio-plasma) and have been developed for the plasma-related devices that are used in the medical field. Although numerous bio-plasma studies have been performed in biomedicine, there is no confirmation of the nonthermal effect induced by bio-plasma. Standardization of the biological application of plasma has not been evaluated at the molecular level in living cells. In this context, we investigated the biological effect of bio-plasma on living cells. Hence, we treated the fibroblasts with Dielectric Bauvier Discharge bio-plasma (DBD), and assessed the characteristic change at the molecular level, one of the typical cellular responses. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulates its own protein level in response to stimuli. HSP70 responds to heat shock by increasing its own expression at the molecular level in cells. Hence, we confirmed the level of HSP70 after treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with DBD. Interestingly, DBD-plasma induced cell death, but there was no difference in the level of HSP70, which is induced by heat shock stimuli, in DBD-treated MEFs. Our data provide the basic information on the interaction between MEFs and DBD, and can help to design a molecular approach in this field.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.819-826
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• 2018

The generalized Hamming weight is one of the important parameters of the linear code. It determines the performance of the code when the linear codes are applied to a cryptographic system. In addition, when the block code is decoded by soft decision using the lattice diagram, it becomes a measure for evaluating the state complexity required for the implementation. In particular, a bit-parallel multiplier on finite fields based on trinomials have been studied. Cellular automata(CA) has superior randomness over LFSR due to its ability to update its state simultaneously by local interaction. In this paper, we deal with the efficient synthesis of the pseudo random number generator, which is one of the important factors in the design of effective cryptosystem. We analyze the property of the characteristic polynomial of the simple 90/150 transition rule block, and propose a synthesis algorithm of the reversible 90/150 CA corresponding to the trinomials $x^2^n+x^{2^n-1}+1$($n{\geq}2$) and the 90/150 reversible CA(RCA) corresponding to the maximum weight polynomial with $2^n$ degree by using this rule block.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of biology contents of cyber home learning systems which provided by 16 metropolitan and provincial offices of education. The contents were evaluated by the 9 categories: needs assessment, instruction design, learning contents, teaching & learning strategy, interaction, supporting system, evaluation, ethicality and copy right. The result showed that the contents have advantage in detailed learning goal, useful learning environment, learning activities by level, and various learning parts material, but lack in evaluation method tool for personal learning by level and the latest learning material. Based on this results, it is expected that the barrier of the efficient learning contents should be searched for the complement, as well as the development high-quality educational contents and the management of cyber home learning system.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

FPS Games are usually centered on a combat game play where the player plays through a first-person perspective as the in-game character, in order to strike the opponent in accordance with each level's objective. In such type of game play, the decision making that leads the player to take certain actions is carried out based on the player's visual cognitive information, and information collected both directly/indirectly via previous game play experiences. Particularly in the case of a FPS game where the mutual interaction between the player and each game level is the key, an analysis of a FPS game player's visual cognitive information can provide intelligence which can help design or adjust structures of a game level. For this thesis, a sample group has been collected and divided into a novice group and an expert group based on their level of experience with FPS games. Then, using eye-tracking equipments, the point of gaze of players in each group were recorded whilst they were playing levels of a well-known FPS title. The point of gaze in the moment the player starts to take actions -right before/after the start of a combat- was recorded in 500 play videos, and as a result each group's intrinsic pattern of gaze could be identified. Through these results, the author plans to develop a methodology that can enhance the difficulty setting and the playability of FPS game levels.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

The growth of the mobile device market has changed the education market and led to the quantitative growth of various media education. In particular, smart devices, which have better interaction than existing PCs or consoles, can develop more user-friendly content, allowing various types of educational content and inducing changes in traditional education methods for consumers. Although many researchers recently suggest viable development methods or marketing elements of contents, development companies, and developers, until now, merely rely on the human senses. Therefore, it is necessary to study the actual user's smart-device based usability and experience environment. This study aims to propose an intuitive statistical processing method for analyzing the usability of game-type educational contents in terms of form, for popular games that have been released as a basis for analyzing the user experience environment. In particular, because the game industry has a sufficient number of similar examples, it is possible to conduct research based on big data and to use them for immediate decision-making between multiple co-developers through the analysis method proposed by the research. It is expected to become an analytical model that can communicate with other industries because it is effective in securing data sources.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objectives: This study evaluated color differences (${\Delta}Es$) and translucency parameter changes (${\Delta}TPs$) of various computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks after immersion in coffee. Materials and Methods: Eight CAD/CAM blocks and four restorative composite resins were evaluated. The CIE $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$ values of 2.0 mm thick disk-shaped specimens were measured using the spectrophotometer on white and black backgrounds (n = 6). The ${\Delta}Es$ and ${\Delta}TPs$ of one day, one week, and one month immersion in coffee or water were calculated. The values of each material were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons (${\alpha}=0.05$). The ${\Delta}Es$ after prophylaxis paste polishing of 1 month coffee immersion specimens, water sorption and solubility were also evaluated. Results: After one month in coffee, ${\Delta}Es$ of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks and restorative composites ranged from 1.6 to 3.7 and from 2.1 to 7.9, respectively, and ${\Delta}TPs$ decreased. The ANOVA of ${\Delta}Es$ and ${\Delta}TPs$ revealed significant differences in two main factors, immersion periods and media, and their interaction except for ${\Delta}Es$ of TEL (Telio CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). The ${\Delta}Es$ significantly decreased after prophylaxis polishing except GRA (Gradia Block, GC). There was no significant correlation between ${\Delta}Es$ and water sorption or solubility in water. Conclusions: The ${\Delta}Es$ of CAD/CAM blocks after immersion in coffee varied among products and were comparable to those of restorative composite resins. The discoloration of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks could be effectively removed with prophylaxis paste polishing, while that of some restorative composites could not be removed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.328-328
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• 2007

Large area matrix-addressed image detectors are a recent technology for x-ray imaging with medical diagnostic and other applications. The imaging properties of x-ray pixel detectors depend on the quantum efficiency of x-rays, the generated signal of each x-ray photon and the distribution of the generated signal between pixels. In a phosphor coated detector the light signal is generated by electrons captured in the phosphor screen. In our study we simulated the lateral spread distributions for phosphor coupled detector by Monte Carlo simulations. Most simulations of such detectors simplify the setup by only taking the conversion layer into account neglecting behind. The Monte Carlo code MCNPX has been used to simulate the complete interaction and subsequent charge transport of x-ray radiation. This has allowed the analysis of charge sharing between pixel elements as an important limited factor of digital x-ray imaging system. The parameters are determined by lateral distribution of x-ray photons and x-ray induced electrons. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a design tool for the evaluation of geometry factor in the phosphor coupled optical imaging detector. In order to evaluate the spatial resolution for different phosphor material, phosphor geometry we have developed a simulation code. The developed code calculates the energy absorption and spatial distribution based on both the signal from the scintillating layer and the signal from direct detection of x-ray in the detector. We show that internal scattering contributes to the so-called spatial resolution drop of the image detector. Results from the simulation of spatial distribution in a phosphor pixel detector are presented. The spatial resolution can be increased by optimizing pixel size and phosphor thickness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2013

Imagine a world where we could biomanufacture hybrid nanomaterials having atomic-scale resolution over functionality and architecture. Toward this vision, a fundamental challenge in materials science is how to design and synthesize protein-like material that can be fully self-assembled and exhibit information-specific process. In an ongoing effort to extend the fundamental understanding of protein structure to non-natural systems, we have designed a class of short peptides to fold like proteins and assemble into defined nanostructures. In this talk, I will talk about new strategies to drive the self-assembled structures designing sequence of peptide. I will also discuss about the specific interaction between proteins and inorganics that can be used for the development of new hybrid solar energy devices. Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is one of the promising pathways for solar to energy convertsion and storage system. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been regarded as a major bottleneck in the overall water splitting process due to the slow transfer rate of four electrons and the high activation energy barrier for O-O bond formation. In nature, there is a water oxidation complex (WOC) in photosystem II (PSII) comprised of the earthabundant elements Mn and Ca. The WOC in photosystem II, in the form of a cubical CaMn4O5 cluster, efficiently catalyzes water oxidation under neutral conditions with extremely low overpotential (~160 mV) and a high TOF number. The cluster is stabilized by a surrounding redox-active peptide ligand, and undergo successive changes in oxidation state by PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) reaction with the peptide ligand. It is fundamental challenge to achieve a level of structural complexity and functionality that rivals that seen in the cubane Mn4CaO5 cluster and surrounding peptide in nature. In this presentation, I will present a new strategy to mimic the natural photosystem. The approach is based on the atomically defined assembly based on the short redox-active peptide sequences. Additionally, I will show a newly identified manganese based compound that is very close to manganese clusters in photosystem II.