• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2024

As urbanization progresses, the demand for parks and green space is increasing. Park green spaces in the city are important spaces in the city because they are recognized as spaces where people can freely engage in outdoor activities. The park service area is a measure that shows the extent to which services are provided based on distance. In this process, the concept of accessibility plays an important role, and walking, in particular, as the most basic means of transportation for people and has a great influence on the use of parks. However, the current park service area analysis focuses on discovering underprivileged areas, so detailed evaluation of beneficiary areas is insufficient. This study seeks to evaluate park service areas based on the pedestrian accessibility and the pedestrian network. Park services are services that occur when users directly visit the park, and accessibility is expected to be reflected in terms of usability. To quantify the pedestrian network, this study used space syntax to analyze pedestrian accessibility based on integration values. The integration values are an indicators that quantify the level of accessibility of the pedestrian network, and in this study, the higher the integration value, the higher the possibility of park use. The results of the study are as follows. First, Bundang-gu's park service area accounts for 43%, and includes most sections with high pedestrian accessibility, but some sections with good pedestrian accessibility are excluded. This can be seen as a phenomenon that occurs when residential areas and commercial and business areas are given priority during the urban planning process, and then park and green areas are selected. Second, based on Bundang-gu, the park service area and pedestrian accessibility within the park service area were classified by neighborhood unit. Differences appear for each individual neighborhood unit, and it is expected that the availability of the park will vary accordingly. In addition, even in areas created during the same urban planning process, there were differences in the evaluation of park service areas according to pedestrian accessibility. Using this, it is possible to evaluate individual neighborhood units that can be reflected in living area plans, and it can be used as a useful indicator in park and green space policies that reflect this in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.146-155
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• 2006

A handful of previous studies have attempted to integrate socioeconomic data and remotely sensed data for urban quality of life assessment with their spatial dimension in a zonal unit. However, such a zone-based approach not only has the unrealistic assumption that all attributes of a zone are uniformly spatially distributed throughout the zone, but also has resulted in serious methodological difficulties such as the modifiable areal unit problem and the incompatibility problem with environmental data. An alternative to the zone-based approach can be a pixel-based approach which gets its spatial dimension through a pixel. This paper proposes a pixel-based approach to linking remotely sensed data with socioeconomic data in GIS for urban quality of life assessment. The pixel-based approach uses dasymetric mapping and spatial interpolation to spatially disaggregate socioeconomic data and integrates remotely sensed data with spatially disaggregated socioeconomic data for the quality of life assessment. This approach was implemented and compared with a zone-based approach using a case study of Fulton County, Georgia. Results indicate that the pixel-based approach allows for the calculation of a microscale indicator in the urban quality of life assessment and facilitates efficient data integration and visualization in the assessment although it costs an intermediate step with more processing time such as the disaggregation of zonal data. The results also demonstrate that the pixel-based approach opens up the potential for the development of new database and increased analytical capabilities in urban analysis.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-187
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• 2000

The rates and numbers of elderly suicide in Korea have been increased during 1985-1998. This indicates the seriousness of the problems which the elderly are faced with. So many late-life problems may push older people across the edges. Those in unbearable situations may call out fur helps, they may try to cope with various ways, or they may commit suicides. Because it is widely believed that suicide among the elderly can be understood as a personal solution or alternative to late-life problems in old age, the elderly\`s suicides seem to be an appropriate indicator in estimating seriousness of late-life problems. A comparison of the history of suicide research with other populations shows that the several late-life problems have been found with placing an individual elder at risks for increasing suicidal behaviors Research has identified such problems as financial insecurity, retirement, loss of social roles, physical illness, lack of social supports, and loneliness as the problems that increase the incidence of suicidal behavior. Though it is difficult far us to explain and understand the phenomenon of the elderly\`s suicide because of its complexity, we need to ascertain problems and social conditions behind suicides and also to prepare for some appropriate policy-tasks in light of social welfare for the aged, through examining the phenomenon. For explaining the elderly\`s suicide, the theoretical orientations are based on sociological perspectives in the paper. From the standpoints of social integration theory and exchange theory, this study is to examine the relationship between late-life problems and suicide. These two may have been fruitfully employed in conjunction with each other. Finally, this study would identify urgent late-life problems related with the elderly\`s suicide and suggest the relevant policies for Korean elders. Sometime in the near future, the government should be required to provide social welfare programs for the elderly, particularly for those at risk for increasing suicidal behaviors.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2007

We have studied the feasibility of geostatistics approach to enhancing analysis of sparsely obtained seismic data by combining with satellite gravity data. The shallow depth and numerous fishing nets in The Yellow Sea, west of Korea, makes it difficult to do seismic surveys in this area. Therefore, we have attempted to use geostatistics to integrate the seismic data along with gravity data. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we have extracted only a few seismic profile data from previous surveys in the Yellow Sea and performed integrated analysis combining with the results from gravity data under the assumption that seismic velocity and density have a high physical correlation. First, we analyzed the correlation between extracted seismic profiles and depths obtained from gravity inversion. Next, we transferred the gravity depth to travel time using non-linear indicator transform and analyze residual values by kriging with varying local means. Finally, the reconstructed time structure map was compared with the original seismic section given in the previous study. Our geostatistical approach demonstrates relatively satisfactory results and especially, in the boundary area where seismic lines are sparse, gives us more in-depth information than previously available.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2021

Body weight of livestock is a crucial indicator for assessing feed requirements and nutritional status. This study was performed to estimate the body weight of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) using body volume determined from three-dimensional (3-D) image. A TOF camera with a resolution of 640×480 pixels, a frame rate of 44 fps and a field of view of 47°(H)×37°(V) was used to capture the 3-D images for Hanwoo. A grid image of the body was obtained through preprocessing such as separating the body from background and removing outliers from the obtained 3-D image. The body volume was determined by numerical integration using depth information to individual grid. The coefficient of determination for a linear regression model of body weight and body volume for calibration dataset was 0.8725. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination was 0.9083 in a multiple regression model for estimating body weight, in which the age of Hanwoo was added to the body volume as an explanatory variable. Mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error in the multiple regression model to estimate the body weight for validation dataset were 8.2% and 24.5kg, respectively. The performance of the regression model for weight estimation was improved and the effort required for estimating body weight could be reduced as the body volume of Hanwoo was used. From these results obtained, it was concluded that the body volume determined from 3-D of Hanwoo could be used as an effective variable for estimating body weight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.61-74
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• 2023

The concept of "green infrastructure" emphasizes the close relationship between natural and urban social systems, thereby providing services that protect the ecological environment and improve the quality of human life. The Green View Index(GVI) is an important indicator for measuring the supply of urban green space and contains more 3D spatial elements concerning the green space ratio. This study focused on an area within the Third Ring Road in the city of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. The purposes of this study were three-fold. First, this study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the GVI in urban streets and its correlation with the urban park green space system using Street View image data. Second to analyze the characteristics of low GVI streets were analyzed. Third, to analyze the connectivity between road traffic and street GVI using space syntax were analyzed. This study found that the Street GVI was higher in the southwestern part of the study area than in the northeastern part. The spatial distribution of the street GVI correlated with urban park green space. Second, the street areas with low GVI are mainly concentrated in areas with dense commercial facilities, areas with new construction, areas around elevated roads, roads below Class 4, and crossroads areas. Third, the high integration and low GVI areas were mainly concentrated within the First Ring Road in the city as judged by the concentration of vehicles and population. This study provides base material for future programs to improve the GVI of streets in Chengdu, Sichuan Province.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.733-739
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• 2016

Insolation is an major indicator variable that can serve as an energy source in earth system. It is important to monitor insolation content using remote sensing to evaluate the potential of solar energy. In this study, we performed sensitivity analysis of observed frequency on daily composite insolation over the Korean peninsula. We estimated INS through the channel data of Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) and Cloud Mask which have temporal resolution of 1 and 3 hours. We performed Hemispherical Integration by spatial resolution for meaning whole sky. And we performed daily composite insolation. And then we compared the accuracy of estimated COMS insolation data with pyranometer data from 37 points. As a result, there was no great sensitivity in the daily composite INS by observed frequency of satellite that accuracy of the calculated insolation at 1 hour interval was $28.6401W/m^2$ and 3 hours interval was $30.4960W/m^2$. However, there was a great difference in the space distribution of two other INS data by observed frequency of clouds. So, we performed sensitivity analysis with observed frequency of clouds and distinction between the two other INS data. Consequently, there was showed sensitivity up to $19.4392W/m^2$.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.47-65
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• 2006

The application of the ERP system is becoming more common to the businesses since a firm needs to reinforce positive competitiveness and to maintain competitive advantage. The ERP system is an enterprise integration solution that converts the whole business processes through information technology. Extant research provides plenty of results about the success factors of the ERP system; however, most of the researches focus on the exterior factors such as techniques rather than on the influences that a firm's employees' individual personality has in accepting the information technology of the ERP system. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of the employees' individual personality as a factor that makes the ERP system a success. The surveys--composed of the extent of information technology acceptance about the personality type of MBTI (Myers-Briggs type indicator) and the ERP system--were given to the companies applying the ERP system The personality type of MBTI is measured by 4 types of Myers, and Davis's TAM (technology acceptance model) is used for the information technology acceptance. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First the extraversion and the judging in the personality types of MBTI have a significant influence on the information technology acceptance of the ERP system. However, the thinking and the feeling in the personality types of MBTI were analyzed to not have a critical affect on the ERP system acceptance. Second as verified in the extant research the information technology acceptance verification related to the ERP system has a significant influence on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, behavioral intention and actual usage of the ERP system. The results of this study can be used for a successful application of the ERP system as follows. First it offers foundation of perception that the type of the individual personality is a significant key figure for the successful use of the ERP system. Second it provides a basis for the knowledge of combining the model of information technology acceptance and the psychological factors.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1301-1309
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• 2011

The major function of adipocytes is to store fat in the form of triglycerides. One of the signaling pathways known to affect adipogenesis, i.e. fat formation, is the WNT/${\beta}$-catenin pathway which inhibits the expression and activity of key regulators of adipogenesis. The purpose of this research is to find genes among the WNT/${\beta}$-catenin pathway which regulate adipogenesis by using small interfering (si) RNA and to find the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene with serum triglyceride levels in the human population. To elucidate the effects of ${\beta}$-catenin siRNA on adipogenesis key factors, PPAR${\gamma}$ and C/EBP${\alpha}$, we performed real-time PCR and western blotting experiments for the analyses of mRNA and protein levels. It was found that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of ${\beta}$-catenin upregulates adipogenesis key factors. However, upstream regulators of the WNT/${\beta}$-catenin pathway, such as DVL2 and LRP6, had no significant effects compared to ${\beta}$-catenin. These results indicate that ${\beta}$-catenin is a candidate gene for human fat accumulation. In general, serum triglyceride level is a good indicator of fat accumulation in humans. According to statistical analyses of the association between serum triglyceride level and SNPs of ${\beta}$-catenin, -10,288 C>T SNP (rs7630377) in the promoter region was significantly associated with serum triglyceride levels (p<0.05) in 290 Korean subjects. On the other hand, serum cholesterol levels were not significantly associated with SNPs of the ${\beta}$-catenin gene. The results of this study showed that ${\beta}$-catenin is associated with fat accumulation both in vitro and in the human population.