• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a community-based empowerment program for resident leaders participating in the Healthy Apartment project. Methods: The design of this study was a single group pre-post test design. This program was consisted of 4-hour sessions. The total participants were 22 leaders. Results: The participants showed significant changes in social support (Z=-2.33, p=.020), collective action (Z=-3.91, p<.001), conflict and homogeneity (Z=-2.03, p=.042), and community perception index (Z=-3.97, p<.001) as sub factors of the individual level of SC-IQ (Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital). They also showed significant changes in necessity of the resident organization (Z=-4.13, p<.001), resident participation (Z=-3.84, p<.001), convergence of resident opinion (Z=-3.94, p<.001) and the role of community leaders (Z=-3.94, p<.001) as sub factors of the perception and confidence of resident leaders (Z=-3.85, p<.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that the community-based empowerment program is effective in perceptions of social capital on the individual level and improvement of recognition as resident leaders and confidence for resident leaders.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

In an effort to discover alternative phytotherapeutic antimicrobial agents to combat Streptococcus parauberis, a fish pathogenic bacterium, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of seaweed extracts in vitro. A methanolic extract of Ecklonia cava exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. parauberis isolated from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Furthermore, the n-hexane soluble (Hexane) fraction of the E. cava methanolic extract exhibited the greatest antibacterial effect on S. parauberis strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 256 to $1,024{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the MIC values of oxytetracycline against antibiotic-resistant S. parauberis were markedly reduced up to 64-fold in combination with the Hexane fraction, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of the antibiotic was restored when combined with the Hexane fraction. The interaction between both antibiotics and the Hexane fraction was assessed by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. The Hexane fraction and oxytetracycline combination against antibiotic-resistant S. parauberis strains resulted in a median ${\sum}FIC$ range of 0.502 to 0.516. Thus, the synergistic ranges of median ${\sum}FIC$ < 1 were observed for all combinations of the Hexane fraction and oxytetracycline against S. parauberis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the efficacy of an E. cava extract against fish pathogenic bacterium S. parauberis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Secondary vegetation. the holistically integrated system of nature and human being, is the complicated ecosystem that is composed of natural and man-created factors. Understanding the ecological function of secondary vegetation supplies us many important informations for sustainable landscape management and ecological restoration planning. In this research, we tried to examine the shape effect of vegetation patch on early structure of populations of pine and oaks. Moreover. we also tried to clarify the ecological functions of patch edge by exploring the patch effect on germination using patch index. In addition, we present the landscape structure of man -made vegetation of our study area, and setting experimental design of research. Vegetation landscape of study area is typical human disturbed landscape mainly composed of disturbance patches. Vegetation types of graveyard and managed pine forest were controlled by periodically repeated management. However, current seedlings of pine occurred well at both vegetation types. Presence of both saplings were more controlled in managed pine forest (PDM) and graveyard (G) than those of undergrowth (PD) and forest edge (FE) with canopy trees. The number of pine seedlings increased with patch size and patch perimeter. That of oak seedlings was, however, not significantly different. Larger graveyards provided higher light availability for germination of pine seedlings. We think, however, most seedlings of both species in the large sized graveyards without shade will die more easily than that of small sized ones before rainy summer. Relationships between patch shape and germination of two woody species cannot be exactly explained enough yet in these results. More informations on spatial interaction of the total species with differently sized patches are necessary to solve the concept of patch effect on species colonization.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2011

For each local town (6 cities and 8 counties) affiliated with Jeonbuk provincial government, characteristics of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were analyzed and key emission areas were drawn to establish mitigation policies of the regional greenhouse gases. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) reported that the total greenhouse gas emission of Jeonbuk was 20.93 million $tCO_2e$ in 2006. The inland area of 5 cities and 1 county (Jeonju, Gunsan, Iksan, Jungeup, Kimje, Wanju) covered 82% of total greenhouse gas emission in Jeonbuk, while the rest local towns of the province, mostly from mountainous areas were responsible for the rest of the total GHG emission. The cities and counties having relatively higher emission in Jeonbuk province were influenced dominantly by the emission from energy and waste sections. Also, agricultural section showed similar tendency except industrial cities such as Gunsan and Jeonju. In the internal portion of city and county, energy section showed the highest portion at the range of 72.1 (Sunchang)~97.0% (Jeonju) and agricultural section was at the range of 1.2% (Jeonju)~26.6 (Sunchang). When the portion of energy section was higher, the lower agricultural section. The emission index was applied to decide the key city and county and the potential city and county with two methodologies in this study. It was required that the key emission areas were drawn to establish regional greenhouse gases mitigation policies.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-291
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• 2013

Monitoring the global Gross Primary Pproduction (GPP) is relevant to understanding the global carbon cycle and evaluating the effects of interannual climate variation on food and fiber production. GPP, the flux of carbon into ecosystems via photosynthetic assimilation, is an important variable in the global carbon cycle and a key process in land surface-atmosphere interactions. The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the primary global monitoring sensors. MODIS GPP has some of the problems that have been proven in several studies. Therefore this study was to solve the regional mismatch that occurs when using the MODIS GPP global product over Korea. To solve this problem, we estimated each of the GPP component variables separately to improve the GPP estimates. We compared our GPP estimates with validation GPP data to assess their accuracy. For all sites, the correlation was close with high significance ($R^2=0.8164$, $RMSE=0.6126g{\cdot}C{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, $bias=-0.0271g{\cdot}C{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$). We also compared our results to those of other models. The component variables tended to be either over- or under-estimated when compared to those in other studies over the Korean peninsula, although the estimated GPP was better. The results of this study will likely improve carbon cycle modeling by capturing finer patterns with an integrated method of remote sensing.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.181-210
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• 2006

This frame analysis attempts to shed light on the process by which the Korean press constructs crisis as social reality through a series of risk reporting on food safety. Based on the FSSI(Food Safety Sentiment Index) developed by KIHASA(Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs), 11 cases of food safety reports from 1989 to 2005 were collected from the Korean Integrated News Database System(KINDS) and analyzed to yield the following salient features: risk diffusion frame; attribution of responsibility frame; conflict frame. It was observed that the press exhibited a tendency to approach the food safety incidents from a bi-polarized perspective, amplifying dichotomy between the victim and the perpetrator rather than treating them as scientific, or environmental hazards that require precise and synthesized information for resolution. This occupational habit of attributing status to agents of news was also found to contribute towards construction of crisis as social reality.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

To interact database data with GRID system, implementation and installation of data manipulation module which manipulates database data and its index is required. Developing a search system searching data on web-based database, and integrating it with grid system, it is possible that searching data on web and use it directly on GRID system without independent data module. So, we can build easy and effective grid system, and the system could have more flexible architecture adapting data change. In this paper, we propose a searching system which interacting web-based database with GRID systems. We integrated the searching system with a bio god system which runs virtual screening jobs. As a result, UB Grid (Universal Bio Grid) is constructed. Developer could reduce time and effort required to integrate web data to GRID system, and user could use UB Grid system easily and effectively.

• Atmosphere
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.269-287
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• 2009

CAT (clear-air turbulence) forecasting algorithm, the Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG) system developed at NCAR (national center for atmospheric research), is evaluated with available observations (e.g., pilot reports; PIREPs) reported in South Korea during the recent 5 years (2003-2008, excluding 2005). The GTG system includes several steps. First, 44 CAT indices are calculated in the domain of the Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) analysis data with 30 km horizontal grid spacing provided by KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration). Second, 10 indices that performed ten best forecasting scores are selected. Finally, 10 indices are combined by measuring the score based on the probability of detection, which is calculated using PIREPs exclusively of moderate-or-greater intensity. In order to investigate the best performance of the GTG system in Korea, various statistical examinations and sensitivity tests of the GTG system are performed by yearly and seasonally classified PIREPs. Performances of the GTG system based on yearly distributed PIREPs have annual variations because the compositions of indices are different from each year. Seasonal forecasting is generally better than yearly forecasting, because selected CAT indices in each season represent meteorological condition much more properly than applying the selected CAT indices to all seasons. Wintertime forecasting is the best among the four seasonal forecastings. This is likely due to that the GTG system consists of many CAT indices related to the jet stream, and turbulence associated with the jet stream can be activated mostly in wintertime under strong jet magnitude. On the other hand, summertime forecasting skill is much less than other seasons. Compared with current operational CAT prediction system (KITFA; Korean Integrated Turbulence Forecasting System), overall performance of the GTG system is better when CAT indices are selected seasonally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

The altitude criteria of 'Management of Mountains District Act' and 'National Land Planning and Utilization Act' are different because the adaptive reuse permissions on mountains district by two acts have been operated individually and each criteria has some problems for application. This study aims to suggest proposals for improvements of altitude criteria by two acts. The altitude criteria of the duel legal systems were researched by literature review and inherent issues were derived by interview with public officers and GIS tools applied to cases. The results are as follows : First, duel criteria systems need to be integrated based on the format by 'Management of Mountains District Act'. Second, the criteria index(50/100) by 'Management of Mountains District Act' need to be adjusted due to the preserved area ratio in mountains district and the each definition of 'the peak point of the mountain' and 'the tail of the mountain' can be changed as 'the highest point within the same slope(including ridge)' and as 'the average of the highest and the lowest point on boundary between the mountain district and the other land use district'. Third, the method of slope division may be determined by the conditions of local areas and the discrepancy between the two slopes in common boundaries must be adjusted. Finally, the maps containing preservation areas and development areas need to be notified.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.491-502
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• 2020

Sex/gender disparity has been shown in the incidence and prognosis of many types of diseases, probably due to differences in genes, physiological conditions such as hormones, and lifestyle between the sexes. The mortality and survival rates of many cancers, especially liver cancer, differ between men and women. Due to the pronounced sex/gender disparity, considering sex/gender may be necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. By analyzing research articles through a PubMed literature search, the present review identified 12 genes which showed practical relevance to cancer and sex disparities. Among the 12 sex-specific genes, 7 genes (BAP1, CTNNB1, FOXA1, GSTO1, GSTP1, IL6, and SRPK1) showed sex-biased function in liver cancer. Here we summarized previous findings of cancer molecular signature including our own analysis, and showed that sex-biased molecular signature CTNNB1^High, IL6^High, RHOA^High and GLIPR1^Low may serve as a female-specific index for prediction and evaluation of OS in liver cancer patients. This review suggests a potential implication of sex-biased molecular signature in liver cancer, providing a useful information on diagnosis and prediction of disease progression based on gender.