• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

The environment of electrical power industry is now faced on problems such as electric rates, an increasing sensitivity in society with environmental issues and energy factors. Up to now, reliability is greatly influenced by maintenance and environmental factors that are unique to the electric utilities. The reliability is a characteristic assigned to the electric power systems's function which is related to the concept of installment of equipment. Therefore this reports's key finding is that it is important that the utilities track their individual components' value over investment expense of their installed components. This can be accomplished to consider the cases of foreign electric power companies and take into account the various possible installment ways of equipment in Korea. These results are expected to be used as a reference material for design underground distribution facilities and future applications.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

In this study, temperature profile of the fly ash concrete were studied in accordance with the change of heating curing method combination for the slab concrete in order to develop efficient protection method of the concrete subjected to $-20^{\circ}C$. The slab concretes with the size of $1200mm{\times}600mm{\times}200mm$ were fabricated with W/B of 50% and exposed to $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Five different combinations of heat curing methods were applied to the slab concrete specimen; two combinations of heat supplying by electrical heater and surface heat insulation material such as polyethylene film and quadrupled layer bubble sheet based on heat enclosure installment; three combinations of heating coil embedment and surface heat insulation materials such as polyethylene film, sawdust and quadrupled layer bubble sheet based on heat enclosure installment. Test results showed that by applying both heating coil and bubble sheet and heat enclosure, the concrete exposed to $-20^{\circ}C$ can be effectively protected from early-age frost damage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.80-90
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• 2008

This study analyzes interior features of indoor community facilities, focused on apartment complexes in capital area selected by 'Award of best living apartment' during $2000{\sim}2007$. First we analyze community facilities' concept, present standards of installment, present condition, then the size of each complex compared with legal standards. Also, we analyze interior features(spacial layout, furniture and furnishings, interior finishing materials, interior color), too. Research methods included both data survey and site visiting inquiry. Data survey method analyzes size of each complex using community facilities' floor plans, and site visiting inquiry analyzes type and feature of community facilities. Survey target was total 11 complexes, 7 in Seoul, 4 in Gyeonggi-do. The result is as follows. 1) It is needed to improve legal standards of installment, and to provide space with flexibility and changeability in order to allow alternation of usage purpose by resident's claim. 2) To determine size of community facilities, we must planned not only by the number of households, but by legal standards of supply according to the number of households, the rate of net area, and the recommended size per person. 3) The area of community facilities in apartment complex that residents use doesn't considered user's convenience. So it us needed to add each facility's recommendation in response to user's needs.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2011

The introduction of the OHSMS(occupational health and safety management system) into the enterprise has been increased. But, to prevent accidents and take the value creation effectively, it is recommended that this system and the other management system based on business process should integrate. This paper deals with the present conditions and business values of OHSMS, KOSHA 2000, OHSAS 18001 and/or K-OHSMS 18001, which have introduced to Korea since 1997. By reviewing literature, we analyzed study trends in the development of quantitative and qualitative certification standards and the assessment methods of OHSMS. Also, we can summarize the field issues related to installment and operation of OHSMS : motivation, advantage, problems, obstacles, lessons, and revitalization. And then we can suggest issues of the integrated management system such as background, purpose, adoption view, and the integration types.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2018

Background: Due to an increasing number of workers aged 50 years and above, the number of those employed is also on the rise, and those workers aged 50 and over has exceeded 50% of the total fatal occupational injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the selection and concentration by identifying the characteristics of high-risk groups necessary for an effective prevention against and reduction of fatal occupational injuries. Methods: This study analyzed the characteristics of high-risk groups and the occupational injury fatality rate per 10,000 workers among the workers aged 50 and over through a multi-dimensional analysis by sex, employment status of workers, industry and occupation by targeting 4,079 persons who died in fatal occupational injuries from January 2007 to December 12. Results: The share of the workers aged 50 years and above is increasing every year in the total fatal occupational injuries occurrence, and the high-risk groups include 'male workers' by sex, 'daily workers' by worker's status, 'craft and related-trades workers' by occupation, and 'mining' by industry. Conclusion: The most frequent causal objects of fatal occupational injuries of the workers aged 50 years and above are found out to be 'installment and dismantlement of temporary equipment and material on work platforms including scaffold' in the construction industry and 'mobile crane, conveyor belt and fork lifts' in the manufacturing industry.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.128-136
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• 2010

At present, the Korean display industry lacks significantly in qualitative achievements when compared to quantitative achievements. Of course, there are various systems established according to the developments of display design organizing methods, production, and installing methods through some preceding studies related to display, but it is true that the wholistic management through display business management process which is prerequisite for this field is now considered yet. This has led to consistent and repetitive limitations, although many have undergone numerous trials and errors, along with related conflicts during implementing display business. Accordingly, organizing process and system for display business management field is the most field to be studied in order to not follow suit of the existing problems and look back on the failure factors of past display business. This study is focused on studying stage-to-stage research on organizing process and system for display business management, and aims to provide basic information for a more efficient management which can be realized during future business implementation for display culture facilities. The followings are the conclusions for this study. First, in order to successfully implement display business, the role of display business management is crucial, and the related need for display business management operations was proved. Second, the viability of 'Check-List for examining displaying product designs, production and installment' was verified, along with suggestions for additional factors to be considered in the examining check-list. Finally, third, the analyzing process of this study is focused on analyzing the facilities according to justifiable analysis factors. However, there are limitations such as corning up with subjective facts which can be known through naked eyes. Thus, the necessity for additional researches which can supplement the limitations of this study was found.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.B
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

This paper is an experimental result of investigating lateral soil movements at piled bridge abutments by using the centrifuge model facility. Three different centrifuge model experiments, changing the methods of ground improvement at bridge abutment on the soft clayey soil (no improvement, preconsolidation and plastic board drains (PBD), sand compaction pile (SCP) + PBD), were carried out to figure out which method is the most appropriate for resisting against the lateral soil movements. In the centrifuge modelling, construction process in field was reconstructed as close as possible. Displacements of abutment model, ground movement, vertical earth pressure, cone resistance after soil improvement and distribution of water content were monitored during and after centrifuge model tests. As results of centrifuge model experiments, preconsolidation method with PBD was found to be the most effective against the lateral soil movement by analyzing results about displacements of abutment model, ground movement and cone resistance. Increase of shear strength by preconsolidation method resulted in increasing the resistance against lateral soil movement effectively although SCP could mobilize the resistance against lateral soil movement. It was also found that installment with PBD beneath the backfill of bridge abutment induced effective drainage of excess pore water pressure during the consolidation by embanking at the back of the abutment and resulted in increasing the shear strength of clay soil foundation and eventually increasing the resistance of lateral soil movement against piles of bridge abutment.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2020

Background: Meta-analyses have shown firefighters to be at an increased risk of several cancer types. Occupational carcinogen exposure may explain these increased risks. This study aims to describe Norwegian fire departments' work conditions from 1950 until today, focusing on factors relevant for potential occupational carcinogen exposure. Methods: With the help of a reference group, we developed a questionnaire on topics related to occupational exposure to carcinogens for the period 1950-2018. Selected Norwegian fire departments provided department-specific responses. Results: Sixteen departments, providing fire services for 48% of the Norwegian population as of 2019 and mainly consisting of professional firefighters, responded to our questionnaire. The introduction of synthetic firefighting foams, more regular live fire training, the introduction of chemical diving, and a higher number of diesel-driven fire service vehicles were identified as changes thought to increase exposure to occupational carcinogens. Changes thought to decrease exposure included the switch from negative to positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatuses, the use of self-contained breathing apparatuses during all phases of firefighting, the use of ventilating fans during firefighting, increased attention to flammable materials used during live fire training, increased attention to handling and cleaning of turnout gear and other equipment, and installment of exhaust removal systems in apparatus bays. Conclusion: Norwegian fire departments' work conditions have seen several changes since 1950, and this could influence firefighters' occupational carcinogen exposure. A peak of carcinogen exposure may have occurred in the 1970s and 1980s before recent changes have reduced exposure.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide a method for fire suppression in a central area inside the roof of a wooden cultural property using a gas extinguishing apparatus, which is used as one of fire suppression methods with view to preventing valuable wooden properties inherited from ancestors from being destructed by fire. For a wooden property, it is very difficult to suppress fire when combustion spreads to a central area inside its roof, so it is impossible to put out a fire without destructing it. Such a fire fighting apparatus as a sprinkler, etc., installed in modern structures, is very effective, but the possibility of damaging a cultural property is highly probable after installment and operation, which leads to its low adaptability to a wooden property. Thus, the necessity of developing a fire suppress ion apparatus was raised to minimize the said problem and to obtain the desired results, and the need of making a plan on the installment was also raised based on the results of a test whose validity was proven. The central area inside a roof is a traditional - architectural style which is found in Korean wooden structures only, so it is impossible to discover similar cases in foreign countries. For this reason, this study was conducted to verify the effectiveness by developing a fixed fire suppression apparatus designed considering the speed and effectiveness in fire suppression. This study was sequentially carried out in the following steps. First, a frame for this study was made and the specific plan on a fire suppression method was established. Then, a fire suppression apparatus was installed. In the first step, the effectiveness for fire suppression was tested by installing valve open - punched - main water pores, and in the second step, the same effectiveness was tested by valve opened - punched - injection ports. For a wooden property similar to "Sungnyemun"(Gate of Exalted Ceremonies), its central area of the roof decides whether the fire suppression is successful or not, so the opinions on how to put out a fire were presented in this study, and thus the objective data to establish a method on fire suppression in a wooden structure(cultural property) was secured. Lastly, a scientific verification in the effectiveness for fire suppression measures was presented by installing a gas - fixed fire suppression apparatus.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

Although the environmental conflicts regarding noise and vibration are continually increasing during construction, noise and vibration occurring in construction are only managed in construction phase. Noise and Vibration occurring in construction are considered to be insufficient, so we find that noise and vibration management in design phase has to be operated for reducing. The objective of this paper is to present noise and vibration management lists to consider in design phase for enhancing efficiency in noise and vibration management and to develop the appraisal sheets for designers to evaluate and the manuals to easily use management lists. To achieve this, we identify the noise and vibration management lists to consider in design phase through analyzing the previous literatures and confirm the 9 lists through conducting a research with experts in environmental area for verifying the propriety of lists. Also, this study applies to AHP technique to identify the priority and the weight evaluation among the lists. Through this study, we identify the most efficient lists, including from the low noise and low vibration methods, the noise and vibration reduction by blasting works, the installment and the arrangement of noise and vibration control equipments, for noise and vibration management in design phase. The achievement of this study will help to prevent the environmental disputes and conflicts in advance and will consider utilizing for the successful construction project.