• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.427-436
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• 2007

Because the slope made up the construction of any other facilities, has many risks of a collapse, existing inspection methods to collect information for a construction site of slope bring up a long time of inspection period, cost and approach for a measuring instrument and it presents the critical point of collecting materials. For getting images to use zoom lens in any positions this study will use free zoomer constructed values of data classified by the focal length develop Image Loader system to make it load not only camera information but also camera test data values of the focal length took a photograph automatically if it measure to use a variety of cameras or other lens. Also, as it constructs three dimensions spatial image information from images of obtained objects this study presents effective basic materials of slope surveying and inspection and it shows exact surveying methods for dangerous slope not to access.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

In 2001, about 20 years after the introduction of the standard buoys, the natural environment and maritime traffic flow changes in the waters near Korea and the necessity of improvement of the AtoN (Aids to Navigation) maintenance was suggested. The IALA provides guidelines for maintenance and management of AtoN, and Korea provides guidelines for the management and operation of standard buoys by means of the Enforcement on the AtoN laws. The objective of this study was to investigate the installation status and the repair status of the standard type buoys by sea area in order to improve the management and operation of the steel standard buoys. In addition, a survey was conducted on the improvement of the steel buoy fouling and the improvement of the lifting inspection cycle towards on the AtoN managers and producers of the representative authority by sea area. In the case of LL-26 (M) buoy type, the standard type buoy installation status of Korea in 2017 was 57.1%, and the LL-26 (M) type was 58.9% showing the highest repair rate. According to the results of the survey on buoys fouling, 51.2% were caused by the attachment of shellfish, and 43.2% were caused by bird feces. The results of the survey on the improvement of the regular buoy inspection cycle showed that the measures are to maintain the current inspection period of 2 years regardless of the characteristics of the sea area (water depth, inside and outside port, buoy size, etc.).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2022

In this study, heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury) and shellfish poisoning toxins (diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins) were investigated in a total of 104 shellfishes. According to the analysis of heavy metals, lead (Pb) was detected in the range of 0.0177-0.5709 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) was detected in the range of 0.0226-1.4602 mg/kg, and mercury (Hg) was detected in the range of 0.0015-0.0327 mg/kg. Levels of Pb, Cd, and Hg were acceptable by Korean standards. Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) were investigated for monitoring of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and OA and DTX-1 were not detected. As a result of monitoring of amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins, domoic acid was detected in 5 of 104 samples and detection ratio was 4.8%. The detection period was found as follows; 1 case in January, 1 case in February, 1 case in May, 2 cases in September. These showed that continuous monitoring for the management of shellfish poisoning toxins and heavy metals is required. In addition, this study can be used as reference data to strengthen managing heavy metals in fishery products.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

This study was to investigate the unsuitable rate of the storage facilities, the changes in corrosion process over time after installation according to the status, the time to install the facilities, years elapsed after facilities installation, inspection of methods and motivation, and so on, based on the results of the inspection at the petroleum storage facilities conducted by domestic soil-relate specialized agency to derive optimal management plans which meet the status of soil contamination facilities. The results showed that the facilities more than 5 years after the initial leak test at the time of the installation need to be inspected periodically by considering costs of leak test and remediation of polluted soil. The inspection period can be decided by cost and leak test methods showing discrepancies for the results obtained from individual test whether it was direct or indirect. To compensate these matters, we suggested that the direct inspection method on regular schedule is recommended. On the other hand, the inspection can be voluntarily completed to ease burden of the results by inspection or equivalent level to this inspection method. Also, it may need improved construction supervision and performance test system to minimize the occurrence of the nature defects in installing the facilities as well as the upgrade program for the facilities during intervals of inspection period.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Due to the influence of global oil prices, industrial productivity, which oil consumption is high, was significantly reduced. AC type of high-strength PHC piles is being manufactured through twice the steam curing process and this have resulted in a significant rise for product's manufacturing costs. NAC way other types of file manufacturing process has the advantage of reducing manufacturing costs by a turn of the steam curing. Nevertheless, because the initial strength be poor than that of AC method, shipment is being after the curing period of approximately three days. In addition, the growth of the product enhance with curing period can not be avoided, as a result, cost of inventory is acting as the rise. Piles by the AC method is immediately shipped after curing, damaging problems does not occur when they are introduced to the field site (for example, pile on-site). In the case of NAC, however, at least after the curing period of three days and after expressing the strength of 80 MPa or more, they are shipped on the scene. Therefore, NAC type has problems as follows: (1) increase in moderate inventory holding costs with type and (2) breakage in the field due to lack of strength. In this study, for NAC-typed PHC files, mixing characteristics research for the strength development at 1 day equivalent to AC method were conducted and strength characteristics with changes of original materials were evaluated were also identified.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 2024

In this study, Tridimensional Hybrid Isolation System(THIS) was proposed as a vibration isolator for traffic loads, combining vertical and horizontal isolation systems. Its efficacy in improving serviceability for vertical vibration was analytically evaluated. Firstly, for the analysis, the major vibration modes of the existing apartment were identified through eigenvalue analysis for the system and pulse response analysis for the bedroom slab using commercial structural analysis software. Subsequently, a 16-story model with horizontal, vertical and rotational degrees of freedom for each slab was numerically organized to represent the achieved modes. The dynamic analysis for the measured acceleration from an adjacent ground to high-speed railway was performed by state-space equations with the stiffness and damping ratio of THIS as variables. The result indicated that as the vertical period ratio increased, the threshold period ratio where the slab response started to be suppressed varied. Specifically, when the period ratio is greater than or equal to 5, the acceleration levels of all slabs decreased to approximately 70% or less compared to the non-isolated condition. On the other hand, it was ascertained that the influence of damping ratios on the response control of THIS is inconsequential in the analysis. Finally, the improvement in vertical vibration performance of THIS was evaluated according to design guidelines for floor vibration of AIJ, SCI and AISC. It was confirmed that, after the application of THIS, the residential performance criteria were met, whereas the non-isolated structure failed to satisfy them.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1585-1598
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• 2011

Emission reduction program for in-use diesel vehicles (ERPDV) has been enacted since 2004 over the Seoul metropolitan area, and diesel emission reduction is forced to fulfill this regulation. This study was performed to evaluate the ERPDV using $PM_{10}$ concentrations of both road-side monitoring and national background network during the period of 2004-2010. In order to assess the pure road emission, we first eliminated the long range transport effect by deducting the trend of annual national background concentrations from the road-side $PM_{10}$ concentrations, and then analyzed the time series of the resultant $PM_{10}$ concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area. The annual rates of variations of road-side $PM_{10}$ with the deduction of trend of background level show -3.2, +0.4, and -2.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$/year, in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyonggi province, respectively. There are steadily decreasing trend in Seoul with all of statistic parameters such as mean, mediam, 5%ile, 10%ile, 25%ile, 75%ile, 90%ile, and 95%ile concentrations. Incheon shows some fluctuations with positive with no significant trend, and Gyonggi province shows overall decreasing but not consistent. Student-t test shows 95% significant level of ERPDV effect in Seoul, but there exists no significant level greater than 90% in both Incheon, and Kyonggi province. Total annual averaged trend over the whole Seoul metropolitan area is estimated to lie in approximately $-2.9{\mu}g/m^3$/year in this study, implying the intimate involvement of ERPDV to a large extent. This is also suggesting that the further research cost-effectiveness of ERPDV with consideration of the long range transport process would be needed over the Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cosmetic products containing concentrated ginseng using novel methods based on Traditional Korean medicine (TKM). In TKM, inspection of facial skin was an important method to diagnose symptoms and body condition of patients. Doctors in oriental medicine examined a patient as observing symptoms on the face and skin related to inner organs. This was called "mang-jin. In this study, eleven female, who have been using the cosmetic products containing concentrated ginseng for the last 5 years, and eleven healthy controls, who have never used the same product, were recruited. Three doctors in oriental medicine evaluated 17 inspection factors on facial skin. And 7 non-invasive skin bioengineering factors were assessed by various instruments at the same time. In results, 7 factors of the inspection were better in using the product than in controls. And sebum, roughness, pigmentation and wrinkle depth were significantly lower in using the product than in controls. So, this results propose that the cosmetic product containing concentrated ginseng has a good anti-aging effect on skin. And it is suggested that the novel evaluation method combined, Traditional Korean medicine and modern bioengineering technique, has to be developed for holistic concept of Hanbang cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.175-181
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• 2022

The condition of infrastructure deteriorates as the service life increases. Since most infrastructure in South Korea were intensively built during the period of economic growth, the proportion of outdated infrastructure is rapidly increasing now. Aging of such infrastructure can lead to safety accidents and even human casualties. To prevent these issues in advance, periodic and accurate inspection is essential. For this reason, the need for research to detect various types of damage using computer vision and deep learning is increasingly required in the field of remotely controlled or autonomous inspection. To this end, this study proposed a neural network structure that can detect concrete damage by classifying it into three types. In particular, the proposed neural network can detect them more accurately through a hierarchical learning technique. This neural network was trained with 2,026 damage images and tested with 508 damage images. As a result, we completed an algorithm with average mean intersection over union of 67.04% and F1 score of 52.65%. It is expected that the proposed damage detection algorithm could apply to accurate facility condition diagnosis in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2024

Pump car is an equipment that transports concrete products as needed to the place where they are poured. In order to pour a large amount of concrete in a short period of time, using a pump car is the most efficient in terms of economic efficiency and quality control. However, recently, many casualties have occurred due to boom damage during concrete pouring, so this study suggests that improvements are needed in the equipment manufacturing stage, inspection standards for old equipment, and equipment rental system. The reason is that, as a result of the finite element analysis of the pump car, the significant stress acting at the second stage of the boom and the maximum stress at the top of the boom were found to be 895.39 MPa, and M.S. Since it was evaluated the lowest at 0.04, the need for reinforcement was recognized. And it was confirmed that the 2nd stage boom was the most stressful and vulnerable part of the 1st to 5th stage booms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the thickness and rigidity of members at the design and manufacturing stage, and to reinforce the steel plates of currently used equipment. In addition, it is urgent to establish a system that makes non-destructive testing mandatory for all general construction machinery and holds inspection agencies responsible for missing boom defects during non-destructive testing and regular inspections.