• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

Integrated information to water quantity and quality is essential for planning water resources management as well as operating water-related infrastructures. Because data collection process including monitoring and maintenance is separated in different governmental agencies in Korea, integrating quantity and quality may provide effective and better management implementation. In this study, a number of suggestions regarding integration of water monitoring were concluded in terms of technological, legal and institutional implications. First, it is necessary to discuss national water monitoring plan, national water information management plan, agreement of standard terms of monitoring between ministries, and to revise the law(river law and water quality management law). Present stations for water monitoring should be used for both of quantity and quality monitoring. If station is newly installed or relocated, it is better that one single agency maintain monitoring frequency and data management as well. In addition, a monitoring protocol need to be agreed by each of parties. In order to develop integrated monitoring system, quality assurance of the collected data should be properly maintained. Since many purposes haven been concerned using of data analysis and assessment so far, it may not be easy to integrate water quantity and quality monitoring in a short period. However, the alternatives including enhancing institutional regulations and programs, advanced technology may promote an efficient integrated water monitoring.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2010

Business corporations have become specialized and on the basis of various interests try to strengthen their competitiveness through a cooperative system of purchase, distribution, service and IT technology. And an advanced Internet-based electronic commerce has witnessed explosive growth and a business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce. Through E-marketplace. business corporations achieve such diverse utilities as expenditure curtailment, process reduction and prime cost reduction. And with business depression worldwide and soaring prices of materials, many business corporations consider the introduction of comprehensive purchase of MRO (maintenance, repair and operation) materials. The Purpose of this study was to examine the definition of B2B E-marketplace and the utilities of MRO commerce correctly focusing on an empirical analysis of cases of MRO supply and purchase business corporations. The indications acquired from this research results are as follows. Firstly, as for MRO integrated purchase under the characteristics of the market environment, it had to use the supplier obligatorily through the integrated purchase on the level of CEO's decision-making or the group rather than the voluntary will of the purchasing department or the procurement department. Secondly, as for the present B2B E-marketplace MRO purchase, the purchasing agency business has formed the mainstream, but it is aiming at the diversification of the benefit by supplementing/correcting the business model such as category type, mediation business type, MRO-type advancing in the store inclusive of the purchasing agency business, keeping pace with the potential market of MRO. Thirdly, as for analysis of the products, the purchaser wants more various products and assortment of goods than those of the present time, and also to be provided with the precise product information. Especially, as the importance of the product sourcing becomes high, the whole energy has been bestowed on acquirement of the excellent suppliers. Fourth, as for use of B2B E-marketplace MRO integrated purchasing system, there are the purchasing companies complaining the inconvenience even until now, and there is the demerit spending the long time during the image move and the process treatment. It shall try to shorten the searching time and the process treatment time as the system is centered on the purchaser. In order to enhance the efficiency of MRO E-marketplace purchase, followings must be considered: First, because the importance of product sources ever increases, an excellent supplier must be secured earnestly. Second, the time of process must be reduced focusing on purchasers. B2B E-marketplace will increase and diversify electronic commerce continuously. Through MRO E-marketplace, business corporations will reduce expenditure, achieve a transparent and speedy trade, and purchase products of fine quality, thus establishing a most effective market. In addition, in this study the investigator brings focus into MRO which has not been clearly discussed in the academic and business world so far and intensively highlights an indirect material-oriented expenditure curtailment effect. By taking all the aspects of supplier, purchaser and practical economical value into account, the investigator presents a strategic direction for the successful comprehensive purchase of B2B MRO.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

In this study, a remote air quality monitoring system for underground spaces was developed by using NDIR-based CO$_2$ sensor. And the remote monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks was installed practically on the subway station platform. More than 6.5 million citizens commutate everyday by the Seoul subway transportation that is the most typical public transportation. They concern about air quality with increasing interest on public health or many workers in subway stations or underground shopping centers. Recently, the Korean Ministry of Environment has operated the air quality monitoring system in some subway stations for testing phase. However, it showed many defects which are large-scale, high-cost and maintenance of precision sensors imported from abroad. Therefore this research includes the reliability test and a theoretical study about the inexpensive commercialized CO$_2$ sensor for reliable measurement of air quality which changes rapidly by the surrounding environments. And then we develop the wireless sensor nodes and the gateway applied for remote air quality monitoring. In addition, web server program was realized to manage air quality in the subway platform. This result will be valuable for a basic research for air quality management in underground spaces for future study.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.4 s.107
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• pp.471-480
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• 2006

Recently, multimedia communication services, such as video conferencing and voice over IP, have been rapidly spread. H.323 is an international standard that specifies the components, protocols and procedures that provide multimedia communication services of real-time audio, video, and data communications over packet networks, including IP based networks. H.323 is applied to many commercial services because it supports various network environments and has a good performance. But communication services based on H.323 may have some problem because of current network trouble or mis-implementation of H.323. The understanding of this problem is a critical issue because it improves the quality of service and is easy to service maintenance. In this paper, we implement the analysis system for H.323 protocol wihch includes H.245, H.225.0, RTP, RTCP, and so on. Tills system is able to capture, parse, and present the H.323 protocol in real-time. Through the operation test and performance evaluation, we prove that our system is a useful to analyze and understand the problems for communication services based on H.323.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2023

IT infrastructure operation has advanced, and the methods for managing systems have become widely adopted. Recently, research has focused on improving system management using Syslog. However, utilizing log data collected through these methods presents challenges, as logs are extracted in various formats that require expert analysis. This paper proposes a system that utilizes edge computing to distribute the collection of Syslog data and preprocesses duplicate data before storing it in a central database. Additionally, the system constructs a data dictionary to classify and count data in real-time, with restrictions on transmitting registered data to the central database. This approach ensures the maintenance of predefined patterns in the data dictionary, controls duplicate data and temporal duplicates, and enables the storage of refined data in the central database, thereby securing fundamental data for big data analysis. The proposed algorithms and procedures are demonstrated through simulations and examples. Real syslog data, including extracted examples, is used to accurately extract necessary information from log data and verify the successful execution of the classification and storage processes. This system can serve as an efficient solution for collecting and managing log data in edge environments, offering potential benefits in terms of technology diffusion.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2020

The National Fire Safety Code (NFSC) sets forth the installation methods and technical standards of firefighting facilities. This information is stipulated in the attached Table 1 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Fire Prevention and Installation, Maintenance and Safety Control of Fire-Fighting Systems. The NFSC serves as a foundation for fire prevention and public safety. However, the current version of the NFSC has been under scrutiny due to its delayed enactment and revision process. This is because of its structural inflexibility, time-consuming procedures, and mixed usage of both performance and technical standards. Furthermore, there are difficulties with keeping its unique specialties due to the absence of a specialized, permanent independent entity that enacts, revises, and maintains its standards. Moreover, the NFSC lacks collectivity, openness, and consistency. Therefore, to overcome the aforementioned obstacles, this study investigates the operational and legal status of the NFSC and the problems regarding its enactment and revision process. Further, it presents suggestions for system improvement by analyzing and comparing the information with domestic and foreign counterparts dedicated to managing their similar technical NFSC standards. First, the study recommends that the legal performance and technical standards mixed within the current NFSC should be separated. Second, the enactment and revision of technical standards should be implemented by the private sector and not by the government. Third, technical standards should adopt a user-oriented approach for the code system.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2009

Recently, with the advance of wireless internet and the frequent use of mobile devices, demand for LBS(Location Based Service) is increasing, and research is required on spatial indexes for the storage and maintenance of spatial data to provide efficient LBS in mobile device environments. In addition, the use of flash memory as an auxiliary storage device is increasing in order to store large spatial data in a mobile terminal with small storage space. However, the application of existing spatial indexes to flash-memory lowers index performance due to the frequent updates of nodes. To solve this problem, research is being conducted on flash-memory based spatial indexes, but the efficiency of such spatial indexes is lowered by low utilization of buffer and flash-memory space. Accordingly, in order to solve problems in existing flash-memory based spatial indexes, this paper proposed FR-Tree (Flash-Memory based R-Tree) that uses the node compression technique and the delayed write operation technique. The node compression technique of FR-Tree increased the utilization of flash-memory space by compressing MBR(Minimum Bounding Rectangle) of spatial data using relative coordinates and MBR size. And, the delayed write operation technique reduced the number of write operations in flash memory by storing spatial data in the buffer temporarily and reflecting them in flash memory at once instead of reflecting the insert, update and delete of spatial data in flash-memory for each operation. Especially, the utilization of buffer space was enhanced by preventing the redundant storage of the same spatial data in the buffer. Finally, we perform ed various performance evaluations and proved the superiority of FR-Tree to the existing spatial indexes.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-151
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• 2005

In the world of Web pages, there are oceans of documents in natural language texts and tables. To extract rules from Web pages and maintain consistency between them, we have developed the framework of XRML(extensible Rule Markup Language). XRML allows the identification of rules on Web pages and generates the identified rules automatically. For this purpose, we have designed the Rule Identification Markup Language (RIML) that is similar to the formal Rule Structure Markup Language (RSML), both as pares of XRML. RIML is designed to identify rules not only from texts, but also from tables on Web pages, and to transform to the formal rules in RSは syntax automatically. While designing RIML, we considered the features of sharing variables and values, omitted terms, and synonyms. Using these features, rules can be identified or changed once, automatically generating their corresponding RSML rules. We have conducted an experiment to evaluate the effect of the RIML approach with real world Web pages of Amazon.com, BamesandNoble.com, and Powells.com We found that $97.7\%$ of the rules can be detected on the Web pages, and the completeness of generated rule components is $88.5\%$. This is good proof that XRML can facilitate the extraction and maintenance of rules from Web pages while building expert systems in the Semantic Web environment.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-37
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• 1989

This study was done in order to analyze the factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' task. Interview survey was done during the period from August to October, 1986. Interviewee were 166 CHPs among total of 217 CHPs in Kyonggi province area. Multiple stepwise regression and canonical correlation analysis were used to identify major factors influenced to perform community health practitioners' task. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of CHPs 1) Personal characteristics The average age of CHPs was 37.8 years and their marital status was $77.6\%$ of married, educational back-ground was $65.3\%$ of junior college graduation. Their job career was $38.6\%$ of between 1-3 years, $33.3\%$ of between 3-5 years, $22.2\%$ of less than 1 years. Most of CHPs$(62.8\%)$ were fully satisfied with their job, $33.3\%$ were moderately, and $3.8\%$ were not satisfied. 2) Working environmental condition Only $31.7%$ of CHPs were satisfied with their working condition of primary health post, $26.6\%$ were not satisfied. Half of CHPs$(52.5\%)$ replied having good cooperation with health center, $10.1\%$ replied bad. Cooperation with health subcenter was good in $32.9\%$, and bad in $21.9%$. Cooperation with private health institutions was good in $34.2\%$, bad in $21.6%$. 2. Performance level of community health practitioners' task Among a total of 52 contents of their functions medical history taking. physical examination, referral of diagnostic laboratory work-up($(86.4\%)$, health assessment of pregnant women$(82.1\%)$, development of health information system$(79.4\%)$, supervision of health workers $(78.4\%)$, follow-up of family planning acceptors$(77.3\%)$, and follow-up of family planning acceptors' side effects$(77.3\%)$ were actively performed. Diagnosis of pregnancy$(62.1\%)$, sampling of drinking water for quality test$(52.5\%)$, making list of equipment' & supplies $(51.5\%)$, evaluation of primary health post activities $(37.6\%)$, organization of village health workers$(32.4\%)$ and management of village health workers $(30.1\%)$ were poorly performed. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of job function The factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' function were age, marital status, educational level, job career, job satisfaction, satisfaction of working environment of primary health post, cooperation of health center, cooperation of health center, cooperation of private health instiutions in orders. These 9 variables were able to explain job function from $25.7\%$ of program planning to $6.7\%$ of management of common disease. 4. Canonical correlation analysis between the performance of function and general characteristics of CHPs. Cooperation of private health institutions was found to be the factor influencing task performance of community organization, management of primary health post, technical supervision of health personnels. Job satisfaction of CHPs was also found to be the factor influencing task performance of family planning, management of common disease and maintenance of health information system.