• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1531-1542
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we examined the depression of stroke patient's caregivers and analyzed influencing factors of the depression. The subjects were 215 caregivers who have takencare of stroke survivors in their home. The conceptual model of this study consisted of the caregiver's depression, perceived burden, illness intrusiveness, and patient's ADL. Modified Korean CES-D, modified subjective and objective Burden Scale, Illness intrusiveness(II), and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL) were used to measure concepts. Path analysis was used to test the model of this study. The results were as follows: 1. The mean depression score was 11.6 which was below the cut-off score of the CES-D. This score indicates that the subjects were higher than normal adults' mean score but not depressive. Eighty-six out of 215 caregivers(40%) were above the cut-off score. This finding was different from previous research results, and the reason might be the patients' capability of ADL. In a group of low capability patient's activities of daily living, caregiver's depression score was 15.5. 2. Caregiver's depression was positively related to caregiver's burden and illness intrusiveness, but negatively related to patient's activities of daily living. 3. The caregiver's perceived burden and illness intrusiveness directly influenced on their depression. Furthermore, the and caregiver's illness intrusiveness led to depression indirectly through their burden. A patient's activities of daily living didn't influence directly on depression but indirectly through caregiver's illness intrusiveness and burden.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 1980

As it Provides nursing students the opportunity for correlating principles and practice, clinical practice h s been considered as on of the most important part of nursing education. This study was desinged to measure the level of satisfaction in according with the conten. guidance environment. hours and the evaluation of clinical pracice. and to investigate the extent of influence of the variables have on the level of satisfaction. Two hundred and fifty-two nursing students from 9 baccalaureat programs in Seoule were randomly sampled. Instrument consists of forty questionaires. developed by the researcher, was used to gather data data from September 7 through 22, 1978. The level of satisfaction was measured by 5 Point rating scale(Likert-type). and level of significance were(t-test. F-test ＆ X$^2$-test). -Results are as follow; 1. Level of satisfation according to the four variables ( class health. academic achievement, motives) revealed no significant difference. (P>.05). Hypothesis 1,2,3,4, are rejected. 2. Level of satisfaction according to the two variables (clinical instructor interpersonal relationship) revealed significant difference. (p<.01, p<.05), Hypothesis 5,6 are accepted. 3. Level of satisfaction of contents (mean score=3.02) revealed to be high.. 4. Level of satisfaction on guidance (mean Score=2.37), environment (mean score=2.59), hours (mean score=2.72) and evaluation (mean score=2.50) revealed to be low. 5. Level of satisfaction revealed to be low. (total mean satisfaction score =2.64).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.740-751
• /
• 1994

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes is recently used as a biomarker for increased cytogenetic damage in smokers. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if there were any relationships between dietary factors and their DNA damage as measured by SCE test in a group of 62 male cigarette smokers and 36 non-smokers. As expected, smokers as compared with non-smokers had high SCE levels (10.59$\pm$0.21 versus 9.23$\pm$0.17 SCE/lymphocytes ; p<0.05). No significant relationships were observed between SCEs and age in smokers and non-smokers. In smokers, SCEs were negatively correlated with egg frequency score(r=-0.336) and total food frequency scores(r=-0.283). In non-smokers, SCEs were positively correlated with white vegetable frequency score(r=0.333) and instant food frequency score(r=0.382). There was a positive association between SCEs and the history of coffee intake of smokers(r=0.318). SCE frequency was not influenced by any other dietary factors considered ; dietary diversity and quality scores, alcohol consumption, use of processed foods and intake of burned food. No significant relationships were found between SCEs and serum cholesterol or other hematological parameters of the subjects. These results indicate that increased egg frequency score, total food frequency score which reflects dietary quality, and decreased coffee intake may reduce cancer risk by preventing smoking-induced DNA damage as reflected by sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.413-423
• /
• 2005

Consider the problem of estimating the underlying regression function from a set of noisy data which is contaminated by a long tailed error distribution. There exist several robust smoothing techniques and these are turned out to be very useful to reduce the influence of outlying observations. However, no matter what kind of robust smoother we use, we should choose the smoothing parameter and relatively less attention has been made for the robust bandwidth selection method. In this paper, we adopt the idea of robust location parameter estimation technique and propose the robust cross validation score functions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2013

Objective: To compare the influence of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) on the psychological state of breast cancer patients. Methods: Patients receiving MRM or BCS, and fulfilling the study criteria, were recruited. Patients were required to complete a self-reporting inventory (SCL-90) on admission and 6 months after surgery and a self-rating depression scale (SDS) when discharged from hospital and 6 months after surgery. Results: A total of 70 patients received MRM and 50 BCS. Compared with the national standard, patients suffered to some extent psychological problems on admission, at discharge from hospital and at 6 months after surgery. Patients received BCS had a higher score of SDS compared with those with MRM when discharged from hospital. However, 6 months after surgery, SDS score increased in MRM and decreased in the BCS group, so the difference was significant. Conclusion: The short-term psychological state of patients receiving BCS is worse than that with MRM but superior to MRM 6 months postoperatively. BCS imposed less influence on long term psychological state of breast cancer patients compared with MRM.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.122-131
• /
• 2003

This study was designed to provide the base of nursing intervention that could help apheresis blood-donors to promote self-efficacy effectively by analyzing critical factors that influence on this. The subjects recruited for the research were 468 persons who participated in platelet donation at a university hospital apheresis unit in Seoul. The data for this study were collected between May and June, 2002 using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows. 1. The mean self-efficacy score on the questions related to blood donation was $32.9\pm5.1$, indicating that blood donors have above the mean level of self-efficacy related to blood donation. 2. The self-efficacy score was significantly higher for the group of persons who have more than 5 times of experiences in blood donation than others who have only one experience. 3. The critical factors that influence self-efficacy related to donation were the marital status, educational level. and previous experiences of whole blood donation, while the critical factor that influence on general self-efficacy was previous experiences of whole blood donation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more effective and organized nursing intervention strategies that can promote the self-efficacy of apheresis blood-donors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.29-46
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study were to investigate the relation between home management ability and family life satisfaction of home makers, and to find out variables which influence them. The data were collected though the questionnaire whose respondent were 408 home makers in Kwang Ju and Kang Reung. The data were analyzed by various statistical method such as Cronbach's coefficient, factor analysis, frequency, percentage, mean, F-test, t-test, Duncan's multiple range test, regression analysis and path analysis. The results were as follow. 1. Home management ability score showed 68.5. Influential variables on home management ability were the level of education (husband and wife), occupation of husband and income as sociodemographic variables, and degree of resourcefulness recognition and of communication as psychological variables. 2. Family life satisfaction score showed 74.6. Influential variables on home management ability were the level of education (husband), occupation of husband and income as sociodemographic variables, and degree of resourcefulness recognition, of communication and of stress recognition as psychological variables. 3. The degree of communication was the highest influential variable to have influence on family life satisfaction. And the degree of resourcefulness recognition, of stress recognition, occupation of husband and wife, level of education(husband), number of children were variables to have directly and/or indirectly influence on family life satisfaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.401-408
• /
• 2016

This study was an investigation of 379 people to analyze the relations between leadership and happiness recognized by university athletes. First, happiness of university athletes showed the highest score in smooth relationship with parents. And male athletes score higher than female athletes. Second, the sub-factors of achievement and self-acceptance of happiness have significantly correlated with all factors of leadership. In particular, self-improvement, goal-seeking, and influence are most highly correlated. And the religious influence was the lowest correlation. Third, achievement orientation of leadership factors affect all sub-factors of happiness and influence, and self-regulation has an effect to sub-factors of happiness. Fourth, flexible leadership, interpersonal understanding, teamwork and cooperation, orientation did not affect happiness.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The objective of this research was to measure health literacy level of the visitors of a university hospital's out patient clinic and to consider its influence factors. Methods: Subjects were 400 visitors in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. By using self-report questionnaire which included Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and general information inquiry, the level of health literacy and its influence factors were measured. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The NVS score of subjects was $3.54({\pm}1.91)$ out of maximum 6 scale. The factors that have significant relationships with the health literacy were age, sex, marital status, educational background, monthly income, health information source, number of diseases, number of medications and drinking status. Participants who are men, in old age, having lack of supportive relationship, having low levels of education, having low income, having more comorbid diseases & medications, tend to have lower NVS score compared to others. Conclusion: We suggest extending our research results for evaluating the risky group to improve the health literacy and to develop the strategic methods for better health outcomes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2013

This study was performed from April, 2007 to August, 2012 with female patients who were being treated for and suffering from chronic lumbar pain for periods of 6 months and over. The 53 female patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis by having a T-Score of <-2.5 in a bone mineral density(BMD), as well as showing signs of metabolic syndrome. This was deduced by taking measurements of blood pressure, carrying out blood-chemical examinations and physical measurements such as weight, height, waist measurement and body mass index(BMI). After 5 minutes rest, the patient's blood pressure, height and weight were measured. BMI was calculated using the equation BMI = weight (Kg)/height ($m^2$). The patients had their blood taken in a fasted state(more than 12hours), the fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol were measured. The average BMD and T-score were calculated by measuring BMD(mg/cc) of L1-L3 using QCT. In a correlation analysis of the physical examinations, clinical character of metabolic syndrome and T-score, the result showed that age and T-score had a negative correlation(r=-0.699, p<0.01) as did triglyceride and T-score (r=-0.047, p<0.01), where as weight(r=0.239, p<0.05) and height(r-=0.329, p<0.01) and T-score had a positive correlation. There was no significant correlation with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure and T-score. This study showed that there are significant correlations with age, weight, height and T-score. But there are no significant correlations with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure and T-score and that these did not influence bone density. Further research with more subjects is required to determine whether there is a correlation of clinical character of metabolic syndrome and T-score.