• Title/Summary/Keyword: Indoor

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Integrating IndoorGML and Indoor POI Data for Navigation Applications in Indoor Space

  • Claridades, Alexis Richard;Park, Inhye;Lee, Jiyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.359-366
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    • 2019
  • Indoor spatial data has great importance as the demand for representing the complex urban environment in the context of providing LBS (Location-based Services) is increasing. IndoorGML (Indoor Geographic Markup Language) has been established as the data standard for spatial data in providing indoor navigation, but its definitions and relationships must be expanded to increase its applications and to successfully delivering information to users. In this study, we propose an approach to integrate IndoorGML with Indoor POI (Points of Interest) data by extending the IndoorGML notion of space and topological relationships. We consider two cases of representing Indoor POI, by 3D geometry and by point primitive representation. Using the concepts of the NRS (node-relation structure) and multi-layered space representation of IndoorGML, we define layers to separate features that represent the spaces and the Indoor POI into separate, but related layers. The proposed methodology was implemented with real datasets to evaluate its effectiveness for performing indoor spatial analysis.

Development of a Indoor LBS Application for Navigation - Focusing on Development for an IndoorGML Editor and Viewer - (실내 길 찾기를 위한 Indoor LBS 어플리케이션 개발 - IndoorGML 에디터(Editor) 및 뷰어(Viewer) 개발을 중심으로 -)

  • Yoon, Seung-Hyun;Choi, Jin-won
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2013
  • Due to an increase in the number of large-scale and high rise buildings, the importance of indoor location information has been highlighted. As a result, seamless three-dimensional space information, linked to various indoor and outdoor services is required. The purpose of this study is to develop a system which can edit and operate indoor space information using the IndoorGML(Geography Markup Language). It provides functions such as converting and editing authoring indoor space using the IndoorGML. Based on defined schema which is the IndoorGML international standardization work, we develop the "Editor" and "Viewer" for the IndoorGML. When indoor space is modeled in an authoring tool, a variety of topologies can be created automatically. These are available to be edited and modified. Moreover, the file of model can be saved as IndoorGML, SBM and KML file. These files are viewed by the "Viewer". Indoor LBS(Location Based Service)is served with these principles.

Determining Spatial Neighborhoods in Indoor Space using Integrated IndoorGML and IndoorPOI data

  • Claridades, Alexis Richard;Lee, Jiyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.467-476
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    • 2020
  • Indoor space has been one of the focal points for geospatial research as various factors such as increasing demands for application and demand for adaptive response in emergencies have arisen. IndoorGML (Indoor Geography Markup Language) has provided a standardized method of representing the topological aspect of micro-scale environments, with its extensive specifications and flexible applicability. However, as more real-world problems and needs demand attention, suggestions to improve this standard, such as representing IndoorPOI (Indoor Points of Interest), have arisen. Hence, existing algorithms and functionalities that we use on perceiving these indoor spaces must also adapt to accommodate said improvements. In this study, we explore how to define spatial neighborhoods in indoor spaces represented by an integrated IndoorGML and IndoorPOI data. We revisit existing approaches to combine the aforementioned datasets and refine previous approaches to perform neighborhood spatial queries in 3D. We implement the proposed algorithm in three use cases using sample datasets representing a real-world structure to demonstrate its effectiveness for performing indoor spatial analysis.

The Effect of Ventilation and Concentration of Indoor Air Quality at Indoor Parking Lots (실내주차장의 실내공기질 농도특성 및 환기에 의한 저감효과)

  • Park, Jeong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2010
  • Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) has been one of the major concerns of people. Indoor parking lots are subject to be exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants emitted from vehicles. This study was performed to investigate indoor air quality (IAQ) at indoor parking lots. Sampling sites were selected 5 indoor parking lots. Target indoor air quality parameters include a number of criteria pollutants such PM$_{10}$, CO, CO$_2$, and HCHO. In addition, a variation of IAQ according to ventilation system operating was measured at C site (underground parking lot). In general, all pollutants were maintained below indoor air quality maintenance standards. The indoor air quality at indoor parking lots was affected by the availability of the ventilation facility and their operation frequency. At the underground parking lot (C site) with ventilation system, TVOC concentration according to ventilation system operating were found to be lower operating (488.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$) than non-operating (1,401.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$).

A Linkage between IndoorGML and CityGML using External Reference (외부참조를 통한 IndoorGML과 CityGML의 결합)

  • Kim, Joon-Seok;Yoo, Sung-Jae;Li, Ki-Joune
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2014
  • Recently indoor navigation with indoor map such as Indoor Google Maps is served. For the services, constructing indoor data are required. CityGML and IFC are widely used as standards for representing indoor data. The data models contains spatial information for the indoor visualization and analysis, but indoor navigation requires semantic and topological information like graph as well as geometry. For this reason, IndoorGML, which is a GML3 application schema and data model for representation, storage and exchange of indoor geoinformation, is under standardization of OGC. IndoorGML can directly describe geometric property and refer elements in external documents. Because a lot of data in CityGML or IFC have been constructed, a huge amount of construction time and cost for IndoorGML data will be reduced if CityGML can help generate data in IndoorGML. Thus, this paper suggest practical use of CityGML including deriving from and link to CityGML. We analyze relationships between IndoorGML and CityGML. In this paper, issues and solutions for linkage of IndoorGML and CityGML are addressed.

Basic Concepts of Indoor Spatial Information Candidate Standard IndoorGML and its Applications (실내공간 표준안 IndoorGML의 개념 및 활용)

  • Li, Ki Joune;Lee, Ji Yeong
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2013
  • Indoor space is a new horizon of spatial information services. With recent progress of indoor positioning technologies and mobile devices such as smart phones, indoor spatial information services become available and an emerging market. Accordingly, exchanging and sharing indoor spatial information between independent services become an important issue. For this reason, a standardization working group, called IndoorGML has been launched last year in OGC with the aim of publishing IndoorGML standard by September, 2013. Its primary goal is to provide a framework for representing network topology in indoor space, which is a fundamental element of indoor LBS. In this paper, we will explain the basic concepts of indoorGML and discuss the modeling issues. And several application use-cases of IndoorGML will be also presented in this paper.

Establishing Required LOD and Positioning Accuracy for Indoor Spatial Information Applications in Public Administrative Works

  • Park, Junho;Lee, Jiyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.103-112
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    • 2017
  • Due to the large size and high complexity of modern buildings, the interest and the studies about indoor spatial information are increasing. Previous studies related to indoor spatial information were mostly about relevant technologies, and the application of indoor spatial information has been less studied. In the present study, the public administrative work areas where indoor spatial information may be applied were identified by using a modified delphi technique. And the indoor LOD (Level of Detail) and indoor positioning accuracy for indoor spatial information applications considering user requirements was established as standards for efficiently establishing and providing services. The required LOD and positioning accuracy for services was established by reestablishing indoor LOD and positioning accuracy and classifying services with reference to those. The indoor LOD was reestablished from LOD 0 to 4 by focusing on service utilization and general recognition, and the positioning accuracy was reestablished in three levels by considering the accuracy of the present positioning technology and service utilization status.

Using Omnidirectional Images for Semi-Automatically Generating IndoorGML Data

  • Claridades, Alexis Richard;Lee, Jiyeong;Blanco, Ariel
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.319-333
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    • 2018
  • As human beings spend more time indoors, and with the growing complexity of indoor spaces, more focus is given to indoor spatial applications and services. 3D topological networks are used for various spatial applications that involve navigation indoors such as emergency evacuation, indoor positioning, and visualization. Manually generating indoor network data is impractical and prone to errors, yet current methods in automation need expensive sensors or datasets that are difficult and expensive to obtain and process. In this research, a methodology for semi-automatically generating a 3D indoor topological model based on IndoorGML (Indoor Geographic Markup Language) is proposed. The concept of Shooting Point is defined to accommodate the usage of omnidirectional images in generating IndoorGML data. Omnidirectional images were captured at selected Shooting Points in the building using a fisheye camera lens and rotator and indoor spaces are then identified using image processing implemented in Python. Relative positions of spaces obtained from CAD (Computer-Assisted Drawing) were used to generate 3D node-relation graphs representing adjacency, connectivity, and accessibility in the study area. Subspacing is performed to more accurately depict large indoor spaces and actual pedestrian movement. Since the images provide very realistic visualization, the topological relationships were used to link them to produce an indoor virtual tour.

Analysis of the Recognition and Usage of Indoor Green Space in Middle and High Schools (인식 및 이용실태에 기반한 학교 실내 녹색공간의 효용성 분석 -수도권 중·고등학교를 중심으로-)

  • Junho Park;Juyoung Lee
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.32 no.8
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    • pp.573-583
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    • 2023
  • This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of improving indoor environmental awareness, relieving stress, and improving learning efficiency in school indoor green space, and suggest desirable ways to develop indoor green space in the future. As part of the study, a survey was conducted among 225 individuals across six schools in a metropolitan area with garden and panel-type indoor gardens inside the school building. The survey comprised the current status and use of indoor green spaces, the perception of indoor green spaces, improvement measures in indoor green spaces, and basic properties. Semantic Differential (SD) was used to investigate the impression of school indoor spaces. Resultantly, the more frequent the use of green spaces in the school, the more they feel the positive effects of indoor green spaces, such as improving the school's indoor environment, reducing stress, and improving learning efficiency. In addition, it appears that the more frequent contact with the natural environment, the more they feel the positive effects provided by indoor green space at school. Therefore, it is suggested that educational conditions must be improved by revitalizing various green welfare, including indoor green areas, at the school level.

A Study on the Implementation of Indoor Topology Using Image Data (영상 데이터를 활용한 실내 토폴로지 구현에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Munsu;Kang, Hye-Young;Lee, Jiyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.329-338
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    • 2016
  • As the need of indoor spatial information has grown, many applications have been developed. Nevertheless, the major representations of indoor spatial information are on the 2D or 3D, recently, the service based on omni-directional image has increased. Current service based on omni-directional image is used just for viewer. To provide various applications which can serve the identifying the attribute of indoor space, query based services and so on, topological data which can define the spatial relationships between spaces is required. For developing diverse applications based on omni-directional image, this study proposes the method to generate IndoorGML data which is the international standard of indoor topological data model. The proposed method is consist of 3 step to generate IndoorGML data; 1) Analysis the core elements to adopt IndoorGML concept to image, 2) Propose the method to identify the element of ‘Space’ which is the core element of IndoorGML concept, 3) Define the connectivity of indoor spaces. The proposed method is implemented at the 6-floor of 21centurybuilding of the University of Seoul to generate IndoorGML data and the demo service is implemented based on the generated data. This study has the significance to propose a method to generate the indoor topological data for the indoor spatial information services based on the IndoorGML.