• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-42
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• 2024

Objective: This study examines the generational characteristics and job perceptions of early childhood teachers from Generations X, M, and Z. Methods: Seventeen teachers were selected based on their career and the types of childcare centers they worked in. Focus group interviews explored their job perceptions, teaching methods, career intentions, and strategies to attract future teachers. Results: The results revealed both positive and negative generational perceptions, with Generation X and M noted for diverse job experiences and Generation Z for digital skills. Individual differences were also observed. All generations reported low job satisfaction due to societal perceptions and environmental changes. Many teachers plan to change jobs. The study suggests utilizing generational strengths for peer support to enhance professional development. Conclusion/Implications: Furthermore, improvements in societal perception and treatment of childcare jobs are needed to attract future teachers. The findings suggest implications for enhanced intergenerational communication and collaboration in the childcare field.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the similarities and differences between motivation and usage according to morphological differences between Facebook and Instagram. The formative differentiation of third-generation SNS such as intuitive image and limited network poses the necessity of recognizing individual service users as distinct groups in SNS research. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the differences of motivation and usage, according to the motivation of using Facebook and Instagram by 255 university students. As a result, 7 factors were found as motivation for SNS use, and there were therein motivational differences between Facebook and Instagram users. This study is expected to contribute to the prediction of user's attitude change according to the morphological evolution of SNS in the future, and to expand the application to such related fusion research as GUI design and corporate PR marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study focused on individual differences in social support among older adults. The purposes of this study were to investigate sex and age group differences in social support and to examine the effects of intergenerational social support on life satisfaction among the rural elderly. Data were from 545 elderly over 60 years of age living separately from adult children in the rural area. With regard to sex differences in support exchanges, no significant differences were found in support-giving and support-receiving. Men reported giving more financial support to children than women, while women reported receiving more financial support from children than men. With regard to age group differences in support exchanges, there was less support-giving in older age group. Older parents in their 60s reported giving more financial, instrumental, and emotional support and receiving less financial support than the group of age 70＋ Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction of both men and women was affected by support size and the frequency of contact with children. Giving financial and instrumental support was significantly associated with life satisfaction of men, but giving and receiving each type of social support had no effects on life satisfaction of women. Life satisfaction of parents in their 60s was found to be positively associated with support size, giving financial support and receiving emotional support, and negatively associated with giving instrumental support. In the group of age 70＋, the frequency of contact with adult children and giving financial support had positive influences on life satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between academic personality types and academic achievement in an effort to seek teaching and learning strategies geared toward improving the academic achievement of students. The subjects in this study were 400 dental hygiene students who were randomly selected from three-year colleges in Gyeonggi Province. Their academic personality types and academic achievement were investigated, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the academic personality types of the subjects, the inquiry-oriented type was most dominant, and the ideal-oriented one was least common. 2. In regard to differences in academic personality types according to academic year, the inquiry-oriented type was most common in every academic year, and there were statistically significant differences(p<.05). 3. As to differences in academic personality types according to academic achievement, the best academic achievement was found in the norm-oriented type, and there were statistically significant differences(p<.05). 4. Concerning differences among the subjects in academic satisfaction according to academic personality types, there were no statistically significant differences(p>.05). When the above-mentioned findings of the study were pieced together, the academic achievement of the subjects varied with their academic personality types, and it's consequently necessary to make an effort to apply different teaching methods and learning methods according to their preferences. As there are individual variances among students in achievement goal, preferred learning method and experience though they study in the same space with different learning methods, the development of student guidance programs tailored to academic personality types seems necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.26-29
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• 2000

This study would review how important to define emotional intelligence could be in measuring individual differences in emotional experience. For this purpose, the definitions of emotion, built by psychological theorists, would first reviewed, in connection to the newly developed techniques in the area of emotional engineering. Comparing peripheral theories of emotion and cognitive appraisal theories, the multi-facets of emotional experience would be illustrated and it would discussed what these facets mean to predict emotional health of individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.257-265
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between traditional and nontraditional college women in regard to personality and family background characteristics. Subjects were 180 college women majoring in Education, Nursing, Medicine, and Law. ANOVA and discriminant analysis were conducted to analyze the data. The results showed that nontraditional women scored significantly higher in acacemic achievement, SES, and parental support and influence than traditional women. SES, psychological masculinity, and parental support and influence were the most powerful predictors of nontraditional career orientation. Suggestions were made regarding precautions and need of cross-cultral study.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The causative role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in human carcinogenesis is undisputed. Measurements of PAH-DNA adduct levels in easily accessible white blood cells therefore represent useful early endpoints in exposure intervention of chemoprevention studies. The successful applicability of DNA adducts as early endpoints depends on several criteria:i.adduct levels in easily accessible surrogate tissues should reflect adduct levels in target-tissues, ii. toxicokinetics and the temporal relevance should be properly defined.iii. sources of inter- and intra-individual variability must be known and controllable, and finally iv. adduct analyses must have advantages as compared to other markers of PAH-exposure. In general, higher DNA adduct levels or a higher proportion of subjects with detectable DNA adduct levels were found in exposed individuals as compared with non-exposed subjects, but saturation may occur at high exposures. Furthermore, DNA adduct levels varied according to changes in exposure, for example smoking cessation resulted in lower DNA adduct levels and adduct levels paralleled seasonal variations of air-pollution. Intra-individual variation during continuous exposure was low over a short period of time (weeks), but varied significantly when longer time periods (months) were investigated. Inter-individual variation is currently only partly explained by genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in PAH-metabolism and deserves further investigation. DNA adduct measurement may have three advantages over traditional exposure assessment: i. they can smooth the extreme variability in exposure which is typical for environmental toxicants and may integrate exposure over a longer period of time. Therefore, DNA adduct assessment may reduce the monitoring effort. ii. Biological monitoring of DNA adducts accounts for all exposure routes. iii. DNA adducts may account for inter-individual differences in uptake, elimination, distribution, metabolism and repair amongst exposed individuals. In conclusion, there is now a sufficiently large scientific basis to justify the application of DNA adduct measurement as biomarkers in exposure assessment and intervention studies. Their use in risk-assessment, however, requires further investigation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.641-648
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the individual nutrition education for type 2 diabetes who participate the diabetes buffet. The subjects were 66 patients and divided into education (n=34) and control groups (n=32). The mean age of education and control groups were 59.8 and 56.6 years old, respectively. There were no differences in age and body mass index (BMI) between two groups. Initial glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), post prandial plasma glucose (PP2), total plasma cholesterol, and blood pressure were not different between two groups. But fasting blood sugar (FBS) was higher in education group than in control group. On completion of the study, the education group showed significant decreases in body weight, BMI, FBS and PP2, however, the control group showed no changes in body weight, BMI and PP2, and showed a significant increase in FBS. Initial calorie and protein intakes of the education group did not meet the prescribed amount, however, mineral and vitamin intakes were higher than estimated average requirement (EAR). By the end of study, calorie and protein intakes were significantly increased to meet the prescription. In order to evaluate the effect of diet education, awareness of calorie requirement was used as an index of understanding diet prescription. The degree of awareness of calorie requirement was dependent on age: younger patients showed higher awareness than older subjects. The subject who showed better understanding of diet prescription showed lower levels of HbA1c, FBS, and PP2 at the end of the experiment period. The results of this study clearly show that individual diabetes diet education is effective to make the patient understand their diet prescription, and is effective to control body weight and blood sugar level. Awareness of calorie requirement could be used as an index of understanding of prescribed diet. Since age is an important variable to determine the awareness of calorie requirement, different strategies of nutrition education should be developed for different age groups, especially patients over 70 years old.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

While there have been lots of researches on the use of cyber money in online business area, few studies suggested the results on relationship between individual characteristics, including demographic and cyber money usage characteristics, and quality factors of cyber money. Therefore, this study investigates which quality factors of cyber money are perceived to be important, and examines whether the perception of cyber money quality will vary by individual characteristics such as gender, age, cyber money usage frequency, and cyber money usage volume. The results show, based on the statistical analyses using survey questionnaire for cyber money users living in the Seoul metropolitan area, that there are differences in perception of required quality factors of cyber money among the respondents grouped by gender, age, and usage frequency of cyber money. This study could propose a variety of implications for future researches on the use of cyber money in online business areas of home and abroad.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.163-166
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• 2015

Genomic DNAs were extracted from the muscle of twenty-one specimens of three eel species collected in Anguilla japonica (AJ), Muraenesox cinereus (MC) and Conger myriaster (CM) from the Yellow Sea, respectively. In the present study, 7 oligonucleotides primers generated 191 specific loci in the AJ species, 226 in the (MC) species and 181 in the CM species, respectively. The primer BION-02 generated the most loci (a total of 83), with an average of 11.86 in the AJ species. The specific loci generated by oligonucleotides primers exhibited inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus revealing DNA polymorphisms. With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from Conger myriaster species (0.808) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from Muraenesox cinereus species (0.729) (P<0.05). The longest genetic distance (0.430) displaying significant molecular difference was also between individual no. 01 within Anguilla japonica eel species and individual no. 04 within Anguilla japonica species. In this study, the dendrogram resulted from reliable seven oligonucleotides primers, indicating three genetic clusters composed of group I (ANGUILLA 01~ANGUILLA 07), group II (MURAENESOX 08~MURAENESOX 14) and group III (CONGER 15~CONGER 21). The existence of species differentiation and DNA polymorphisms among three eel species were detected by PCR analysis. As mentioned above, a dendrogram revealed close relationships between individual identities within three eel species. High levels of a significant genetic distance among three eel species showed this PCR approach is one of the most suitable tools for individuals and/or species biological DNA studies.