• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2014

Purpose: This is a comparative experimental study on the amount of phoria by the removal time of binocular fusion. In this study, three tests were used for phoria test like Howell test, Thorington test and developed 3D polarizing test. Methods: In this study, it was considered the removal time of binocular fusion for measuring phoria. The three methods were used for measuring quantity of phoria: Howell test, Thorington test and developed 3D Polarizing test. The measurements progressed quickly to avoid eye-strain. So we designed the test charts for marking 3D display modules and the apparatus inserted lenses, like Maddox lens and prism, which are compatible with three phoria tests. The phoria at the moment separation was measured when the binocular fusion was broken through the apparatus and the that at the stable separation was measured when activity of the separated two images like indicated box and figure on horizontal axis stopped. Results: There were statistically significant difference between quantity of phoria at moment separation and that at stable separation. Amount of phoria at moment separation was relatively larger than amount of that at stable separation. In result in exophoria, the quantity of phoria at moment separation was higher than that at stable separation, and in phoria measured by developed 3D polarizing test, it shows the similar results at two condition. Conclusions: For exophoria, the amount of phoria at moment separation of binocular fusion was relatively larger than that at stable separation. The amount of difference between phoria values at moment separation and that at stable separation was alike among three phoria tests. Usually in working, there is no distinction between moment separation and stable separation. But there were definitely the difference between two ways to separate binocular fusion. Therefore, it is need for writing on prescription test name for measuring phoria and condition of separation of binocular fusion.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2005

This study was executed from June first to 30th. 2005. The target was first and second graders of Bok-Hyun elementary school and their mothers. The total of participants was 275 persons and the component ratio was 135 first graders and 140 second graders, also 82 boys and 193 girls. They answered to the question sheet by writing out with their own hands. Among the 300 question sheets that were answered, 275 sheets were analyzed, excepting 25 sheets that got poor answer. The results were as follows; (1) About the behavior of mothers and their children for oral health, In mothers' case, 68.8% of them answered that they brush teeth more than 3 times a day and 31.3% answered that they brush teeth less than 2 times a day, so those who brush teeth more than 3 times were more than those who brush teeth less than 2 times In children's case, on the contrary, 14.2% of them answered that they brush teeth more than 3 times a day and 85.8% answered that they brush teeth less than 2 times a day, so those who brush teeth less than 2 times were more. (2) In 7 questions for researching mothers' knowledge level about fluorine, 55.3% of them answer 3~4 questions correctly. In 7 questions for researching mothers' knowledge level about Periodontal disease, 47.3% of them answer 3~4 questions correctly and it was highest. (3) In a case of the relation between oral health knowledge and behavior of mother and frequency of brushing teeth of children, statistical similarity on frequency of brushing teeth was shown(p < 0.05). (4) In a case of the relation between social-anthropological features of mother and frequency of brushing teeth of children, there was no statistical similarity on age, mothers' educational level, monthly income. However, statistical similarity was shown about existence of mothers' occupation(p < 0.05).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the material in middle school and high school textbooks covering child care and children's health for medically inaccurate content and to make sure that the correct information is given to students. Methods : We have examined 47 kinds of textbooks on the subjects 'Home economics' and 'Technology and home economics' published in 2007 to find out how much importance is placed on children's health and childcare and to search for incorrect definitions, inaccurate facts or insufficient explanations. We have also analyzed the credentials of the writers of these textbooks. Results : Textbooks of middle school cover psychological and physical changes during adolescence and nutrition, and those of high school cover marriage and childcare. These materials covering health made up 27.5%, 11.7% of middle & high school texts. Age definitions of neonate and infant were incorrect. Inaccurate facts were mostly about fontanelles, primitive reflexes, breastfeeding and weaning. There also were wrong informations on the umbilical cord care and developmental milestones during infancy. The childhood immunization schedules and the growth curves were not up to date. Most of the authors major in home economics and the others were school teachers. There was no evidence of any review by a medical society or an expert. Conclusions : When writing about children's health and childcare in textbooks, a board-certified pediatrician or The Korean Pediatric Society should be consulted to provide accurate medical information to middle and high school students.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.23
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• pp.213-239
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• 2005

Si is a genre which has been steadily loved by Korean, Particularly, 1920's through 1930's, the Revival Movement of Sijo is made by the school of Literary for People, including Choi Namseon, Lee Byeonggi and Lee Eunsang. And Kwon Goohyeon, a member of KAPF, and Han Yongwoon, not belonging to any literary group were interested in Sijo. Kwon Goohyeon, both a member of KAPF and an anarchist has published A Present of Black Room(1927), which is one of the two published in 1920's-1920's saw only two volumes of Sijo works be published: Choi Namseon's 108 Agony(1926) and Kwon's. However, Kwon Goohyeon's work has not been illuminated. compared with Choi Namseon's and the Revival Movement Sijo by the school of Literary for People. It is because Korean literary world has been under the anti-communism ideology since the Liberation of Korea. However, it caused to explore proletarianism Sijo (Joh woon) and proletarianism poetry (Park Yeonghee) that Kwon is a memeber of KAPF and an anarchist. Han Yongwoon, not belonging to any literary group, was very famous as the poet of My Belolved One's Silence(1926), not as a Sijo poet. It means that he s not been illuminated as a Sijo poet. However, his Sijo is enough to contain his various features such as a man of Independence Movement, a Buddhist monk, a lyrical poet and so on. His first Sijo is For Planting Mookoonghwa-Poetry Written in Prison(1922), which has been published four years prior to My Beloved One's. And his affection on Sijo is inferred from the fact that he has constantly published Sijo more than free verse. The aim this thesis is to find out a position of Sijo 1920's through 1930's from a study on Kwon Goohyeon's and Han Yongwoon's Sijo. Sijo, Korean traditional literary genre, was written by most of the poets including not only the school of Literary for People but Kwon Goohyeon and Han Yongwoon 1920's through 1930's. As a result, the writing of Sijo was not a partial movement by the anti-KAPF group, but by a paradigm in 1920's through 1930's.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.141-171
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• 2004

Even though only 3 sijo are in high school textbook. through these 3 sijo each type can be understood in that each represents pyung sijo, sasul sijo, and present sijo. To learn with learner-centered activities, which aim for full knowledge acquisition regarding literary works, as the preparing stage, students can learn what theyll learn by teachers. Sijo are, so to speak, formed with three chapters, and stand for the world that is colorless, scentless, and flavorless. So, the theme can be found with ease. Compared with other genres, sijo can be formed creating background with ease. Moreover, sijo are not too long, so learners can paraphrase it. Sijo that express private experiences with the everyday language can be related to other genres or everyday language. So, sijo are last to present. In the teaching phase, on the gradation of concretion and gradation, writing or presentation activities are presented. After classroom, learners keep a reaction journal. In the phase of concretion and gradation, learners can apprehend that typical differences of the emotions of poetic speakers is from typical differences, even though emotions of poetic speakers of (1)$\cdot$(2)$\cdot$(3) that is each stand for pyung sijo, sasul sijo, and present sijo are roughly summarized loneliness, desolateness, and gloominess. Moreover, these typical differences are from social, political. and cultural settings, namely, the differences of contexts. In this teaching model. learners should prepare for content regarding context and text before the class. Teachers should act as an assistant to help learners pre-understand their subjective experiences and imaginations.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.116
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• pp.251-281
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• 2017

The Parmenidean tradition of logos which previous researches fail to fully appreciate has three dimensions of reality-knowledge-discourse. Parmenides is not just an ontologist, as the traditional view emphasizes, but also an epistemologist, as the revisionist view begins to emphasize, and, at the same time, a meta-discourser, as those two established views fail to embrace. In order to reach the third view which fully grasps such a dynamic and integrated feature of Parmenides, we should closely pay attention to the organic interconnectedness of three discourse parts of truth-doxa-proem, especially the significance of proem and meta-discourse. In the Eleatic tradition of discourse, the figure who clearly appreciated and further developed such an authentic feature of Parmenides' discourse is not, as one might easily expect, one of the second-generation Eleatics, but Gorgias who has commonly been positioned at the opposite side of Eleatism. This paper investigates how he actually both innovated and succeeded the Parmenidean tradition of logos; especially, it characterizes his discourse as an antilogy(antilogia) from within the tradition: as a 'devil' advocate' who complemented and completed Parmenidean persuasion by positing the Parmenidean tradition of logos as an arena of a huge intellectual discipline and cultivation, offering himself as a sparring partner to it, and bringing up an antilogy. In the process of this antilogy he performed in his rhetorical speeches such as the Encomium of Helen and the Defense of Palamedes he experimented and examined a possibility of persuasion operating independently from truth, which, however, is not merely sacrificing truth in favor of persuasiveness and probability (to eikos) as Plato criticized mainly focussing on his 'philosophical' writing On not-being. Rather, it was an 'opposition for opposition's sake' and serious play which purported to provide balance and flexibility to contemporary intellectual society which had too much inclined towards truth and knowledge and become stiff and to put weight on the opposite side of mainstream. It is wholly our eranos (i.e. our share of contribution) to summon and examine such sophistic tradition for the sake of the task of our times, not for the sake of Plato's task, that we should build up a healthy culture of discourse where we can share serious play.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.46
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• pp.95-152
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• 2015

"Archives of Everyday Life" refers to an organization or facility which collects, appraises, selects and preserves the document from the memory of individuals, groups, or a society through categorizing and classifying lives and cultures of ordinary people. The document includes materials such as diaries, autobiography, letters, and notes. It also covers any digital files or hypertext like posts from blogs and online communities, or photos uploaded on Social Network Services. Many research fields including the Records Management Studies has continuously claimed the necessity of collection and preservation of ordinary people's records on daily life produced every moment. Especially diary is a written record reflecting the facts experienced by an individual and his self-examination. Its originality, individuality and uniqueness are considered truly valuable as a document regardless of the era. Lately many diaries have been discovered and presented to the historical research communities, and diverse researchers in human and social studies have embarked more in-depth research on diaries, their authors, and social background of the time. Furthermore, researchers from linguistics, educational studies, and psychology analyze linguistic behaviors, status of cultural assimilation, and emotional or psychological changes of an author. In this study, we are conducting a metastudy from various research on diaries in order to reaffirm the value of "The 12th May Diaries Collection" as everyday life archives. "The 12th May Diaries Collection" consists of diaries produced and donated directly by citizens on the 12th May every year. It was only 2013 when Digital Archiving Institute in Univ. of Myungji organized the first "Annual call for the 12th May". Now more than 2,000 items were collected including hand writing diaries, digital documents, photos, audio and video files, etc. The age of participants also varies from children to senior citizens. In this study, quantitative analysis will be made on the diaries collected as well as more profound discoveries on the detailed contents of each item. It is not difficult to see stories about family and friends, school life, concerns over career path, daily life and feelings of citizens ranging all different generations, regions, and professions. Based on keyword and descriptors of each item, more comprehensive examination will be further made. Additionally this study will also provide suggestions to examine future research opportunities of these diaries for different fields such as linguistics, educational studies, historical studies or humanities considering diverse formats and contents of diaries. Finally this study will also discuss necessary tasks and challenges for "the 12th May Diaries Collection" to be continuously collected and preserved as Everyday Life Archives.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 2022

This study analyzed the frequency and level of scientific practices presented in secondary science textbooks. A total of 1,378 student activities presented in 14 middle school science textbooks and 5 high school integrated science textbooks were analyzed, using the definition and level of scientific practice suggested in the NGSS. Findings show that most student activities focus on three practices. Compared to the textbooks for the previous science curriculum, the practice of 'obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information' was more emphasized, reflecting societal changes due to ICT development. However, the practice of 'asking a question', which can be an important element of student-led science learning, was still rarely found in textbooks, and 'developing and using models', 'using math and computational thinking' and 'arguing based on evidence' were not addressed much. The practices were mostly elementary school level except for the practice of 'constructing explanations'. Such repeated exposures to a few and low level of practices mean that many future citizens would be led to a naïve understanding of science. The findings imply that it is necessary to emphasize various practices tailored to the level of students. In the upcoming revision of the science curriculum, it is necessary to provide the definition of practices that are not currently specified and the expected level of each practice so that the curriculum can provide sufficient guidance for textbook writing. These efforts should be supported by benchmarking of overseas science curriculum and research that explore students' ability and teachers' understanding of scientific practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.11
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• pp.140-149
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• 1996

Cursive characters are written on an economical principle to reduce the motion of a pen in the limit of distinction between characters. That is, the pen is not lifted up to move for writing a next stroke, the pen is not moved at all, or connected two strokes chance their shapes to a similar and simple shape which is easy to be written. For these reasons, strokes and korean alphabets are not only easy to be changed, but also difficult to be splitted. In this paper, we propose a curvature stroke modeling method for splitting and matching by using a structural primitive. A curvature stroke is defined as a substroke which does not change its curvanture. Input strokes handwritten in a cursive style are splitted into a sequence of curvature strokes by segmenting the points which change the direction of rotation, which occur a sudden change of direction, and which occur an excessive rotation Each reference of korean alphabets is handwritten in a printed style and is saved as a sequence of curvature strikes which is generated by splitting process. And merging process is used to generate various sequences of curvature strikes for matching. Here, it is also considered that imaginary strokes can be written or omitted. By using a curvature stroke as a unit of recognition, redundant splitting points in input characters are effectively reduced and exact matching is possible by generating a reference curvature stroke, which consists of the parts of adjacent two korean alphasbets, even when the connecting points between korean alphabets are not splitted. The results showed 83.6% as recognition rate of the first candidate and 0.99sec./character (CPU clock:66MHz) as processing time.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1092-1109
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the effects of instructional supervision emphasizing reflective thinking on science teaching of elementary teachers. The participants in this study were two teachers. This study was divided in former, middle, and later periods, and consisted of monitoring their own teaching, interviewing, journal writing, discussion with peer teachers and teacher training. Data included descriptions of nine science classes, nine interviews, seven journals and the journals of the researcher. Data analysis tools were the frameworks of the questions, feedback, teaching methods, elements of teaching behavior, and reflection levels. This study employed qualitative research, analysis of the frequency of data, and quoting of descriptions related to the result. The results of this study were as follows: First, teachers showed mainly technical reflection, but changed to show more practical reflection, and critical reflection in the later period of instructional supervision. Second, instructional supervision emphasizing reflective thinking on science teaching for elementary teachers meaningfully changed the question, feedback, teaching methods and teaching elements of teachers. From the results of this study, instructional supervision emphasizing reflective thinking on science teaching for elementary teachers can be considered an effective method in improving teaching elementary science, and instructional supervision used in this study made possible the higher level of reflection and appropriate teaching behavior.