• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Korean traditional medicine has been used for the treatment of the various diseases based on both oriental medicinal theory and clinical trials. Thus, the prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine would be useful for the development of new therapeutics. This research focuses on the fundamental study in Korean traditional prescriptions for the development of new hepatoprotective agents. We found two prescriptions. Injinho-Tang and Osumogwa-Tang, showed the significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effect, respectively. It is well-known that free radical scavenging effect is related to the prevention of various pathological events including liver injury. This paper deals with hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, free radicals scavenging on both DPPH and superoxide of above two prescriptions. Hot water extract of Injinho-Tang did not show the significant hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, it shows the significant scavenging effects for both DPPH and superoxide radicals. On the other hand, all of the hot water extracts of constituent herbal drugs in Injinho-Tang exhibited the promising protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Of these, water extract of Rhei Rhizoma showed the most prominent effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Rhei Rhizoma extract has furnished four compounds, and their chemical structures have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those of literature as chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'- methoxystilbene (3), and rhapontigenin (4), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-4 revealed the significant hepatoprotective effect in vitro when their $EC_{50}$ values compare with that of silybin, as a positive control. It also exhibited that emodin possessed the most hepatoprotective effect among these active compounds. In case of Osumogwa-Tang, its hot water extract showed the moderate protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Hot water extract of Chaenomelis Fructus, one of the constituent herbal drug of this prescription, exhibited the significant hepatoprotective effect with $EC_{50}$ value of $7.8{\pm}0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, however, it showed strong cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells above the concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was revealed that both hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus and its butanol soluble fraction showed the moderate hepatoprotective effect but concentration-dependent activity in Hep G2 assay system. Two quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine, also tested for their hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, these two compounds derived from the Evodiae Fructus as the major constituents did not show in vitro hepatoprotective effect. From these results, it would be necessary to further isolation of its hepatoprotective compounds from the butanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1573-1578
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• 2007

An increasing number of applications is being developed for the use of nanoparticles in various fields. We investigated possible toxicities of nanoparticles in cell culture and in mice. Nanoparticles tested were Zn (300 nm), Fe (100 nm), and Si (10-20, 40-50, and 90-110 nm). The cell lines used were brain, liver, stomach, and lung from humans. In the presence of nanopaticles, mitochodrial activity decreased zero to 15%. DNA contents decreased zero to 20%, and glutathione production increased zero to 15%. None of them showed a dose dependency. Plasma membrane permeability was not altered by nanoparticles. In the case of Si, different sizes of the nanoparticles did not affect cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was also shown to be similar in the presence of micro-sized ($45\;{\mu}m$) Si particles. Organs from mice fed with nanoparticles showed nonspecific hemorrhage, lymphocytic infiltration, and medullary congestion. A treatment with the micro-sized particle showed similar results, suggesting that the acute in vivo toxicity was not altered by nano-sized particles.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

In this study, the cytotoxicity of commonly used local anesthetics was evaluated on odontoblasts which are essential for pulpal homeostasis in vitro. Local anesthetics, such as articaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, and procaine, were tested on the odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23. The concentration-and time-dependent cytotoxic effects of local anesthetics on odontoblasts were measured by MTT assay. Among local anesthetics treated for 18 h, only bupivacaine significantly showed cell death in a concentration-($LC_{50}=1.2mM$) and time-dependent manner. To confirm cell death induced by bupivacaine, the observation of cell morphology and FACS using Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining were performed. As a result of Annexin V and PI staining, as well as the morphological change, only bupivacaine induced apoptotic cell death on odontoblasts when compared with levobupivacaine and lidocaine. These results suggest that bupivacaine might affect normal pulpal integrity even after uneventful local anesthesia.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.351-354
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• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity of the extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait. against L1210 (lymphocytic leukemia) and $P388D_1$ (lymphoid neoplasms) cells in vitro. We have determined cytotoxicity by MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazo-liumbromide} assay. The order of cytotoxicity of Sophora flavescens Ait. extracts against L1210 and $P388D_1$ cells in vitro is as follows: AM> EASF > CFSF > MTSF > WSF > HXSF and AM> EASF> CFSF> MTSF> HXSF> WSF. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate soluble extract of Sophora flavescens Ait may be a valuable choice for the development of antitumor agents.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1999

We investigated effects of methanol extract of Aloe vera on anticancer drugs(cisplatin, mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil)-induced growth inhibition in p388, L1210, HCT-15, SK-HepG-1 as cancer cell lines and mouse splenocytes as a normal cell by MTT assay, respectively. We also examined the effects of aloe extract and mitomycin C on the mitogen(Con, A, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation. Aloe extract(0.25 mg/m , 1.25 mg/m , 2.5 mg/m , 5.0 mg/m ) showed dose-dependently selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines. In contrast, Aloe extract increased the growth and proliferation of the normal mouse splenocytes. The combination of aloe extract with anticancer drugs showed an additive effect for the cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. However, that combination reduced clealy the anticancer drugs-induced toxicity against the normal mouse splenocytes.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2018

Purpose : In this study, we intended to observe the anti-wrinkle and moisturizing effects of dried pomegranate juice concentration powder (PCP) using in vitro test. Materials and methods : Antioxidant effects of PCP were determined by free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH assay) and the cytotoxicity of PCP was examined in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human primary dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF) cells. To investigate the moisturizing effect of PCP, hyaluronan synthesis was examined in HaCaT cells. Activity of procollagen production were assessed in HDF cells and elastase inhibition properties of PCP were evaluated in cell free condition, to determine their anti-wrinkle effects. Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) activity was also assessed following UVB irradiation, in the current in vitro experiment. Results : No PCP treatment related significant cytotoxic effects were demonstrated against to the both HDF and HaCaT cells. PCP showed favorable free radical scavenging activities in dose-dependent manner. In PCP-treated HaCaT cells, hyaluronan synthesis was non-significantly but markedly increased, and pro-collagen productions were significantly increased in HDF cells, at all three different concentrations (0.25, 0.75 and 1 mg/ml), and elastase inhibitory activities were observed by PCP treatment. A significant decrease in UVB-induced MMP-1 activity was also observed in 1 mg/ml PCP-treated HDF cells as compared to those of UVB-exposed cells. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that PCP has favorable antioxidant, anti-wrinkle and moisturizing effects without meaningful cytotoxicity on HDF and HaCaT cell lines.

• 생약학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1982

Thirtyfour species of Korean medicinal plants which have been frequently used in oriental herb prescriptions were evaluated on their cytotoxicity and potential antitumor activities against AC glioma(9 ASK) in vitro. Dose of $100{\mu}g/ml$ of plant extracts appeared to exhibit slight cytotoxicity. Seven plant extracts, Aralia continentalis(Araliaceae), Lycium chinensis(Solanaceae), Epimedium koreanum(Berberidaceae), Platyodon grandiflorium(Campanulaceae), Pleuropterus multiflorus(Polygonaceae), Rheum undulatun(Polygonaceae) and Scutellaria baicalensis(Laminaceae), exhibited significant reversal$(51{\sim}90%)$ of astrocyte formation into original neuroglial cells' morphology through the prescreen tests.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2006

A series of yakuchinone B 1f and its analogs 1a-e was synthesized and evaluated for free radical scavenging, suppression of LPS-induced NO generation, cytotoxicity and anti-excitotoxicity in vitro. Compound 1c exhibited potent anti-excitotoxicity, while all compounds 1a-f showed considerable effects of free radical scavenging, suppression of LPS-induced NO generation, and cytotoxicity in microglia.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2008

Iron is an essential element for almost all living organisms. The possible role of iron for growth, adherence and cytotoxicity of Entamoeba histolytica was evaluated in this study. The absence of iron from TYI-S-33 medium stopped amebic growth in vitro. However, iron concentrations in the culture media of 21.4-285.6 ${\mu}M$ did not affect the growth of the amebae. Although growth was not retarded at these concentrations, the adhesive abilities of E. histolytica and their cytotoxicities to CHO cell monolayer were correlated with iron concentration. Amebic adhesion to CHO cell monolayers was significantly reduced by low-iron ($24.6{\pm}2.1%$) compared with $62.7{\pm}2.8\;and\;63.1{\pm}1.4%$ of amebae grown in a normal-iron and high-iron media, respectively. E. histolytica cultured in the normal- and high-iron media destroyed $69.1{\pm}4.3%\;and\;72.6{\pm}5.7%$ of cultured CHO cell monolayers, but amebae grown in the low-iron medium showed a significantly reduced level of cytotoxicity to CHO cells ($2.8{\pm}0.2%$). Addition of divalent cations other than iron to amebic trophozoites grown in the low-iron medium failed to restore levels of the cytotoxicity. However, when E. histolytica grown in low-iron medium were transferred to normal-iron medium, the amebae showed completely restored cytotoxicity within 7 days. The result suggests that iron is an important factor in the adherence and cytotoxicity of E. histolytica to CHO cell monolayer.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.188-192
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• 2002

소염효과를 나타내는 생약 15종을 선별하여 이들 생약 추출물이 Chloropromazine에 의한 UVB 광독성에 미치는 영향을 in vitro 실험법 중 Candida albicans test, RBC photohemolysis, MTT assay에 의한 cytotoxicity 측정법의 방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. Candidal albicans teat에 의해 광독성의 광량 및 화학물질 의존성을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 광독성 억제 효과를 검색하기에 적당한 UVB조사량 및 CPZ농도는 2.1 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 0.6mg인 것으로 생각되었다. Candida albicans test에 의해 CPZ에 의한 UVB 광독성에는 P. persica, E. officinalis가 억제효과를 보임을 알 수 있었으며, RBC photohemolysis 결과 모든 생약시료들에 대해 hemolysis가 감소되었으며, 특히, Yeast, P. suffruticosa에 의한 % hemolysis는 34.42$\pm$1.01, 35.30$\pm$4.7로 유의성 있는 억제효과를 나타냄을 관찰할 수 있었다. MTT assay에 의한 cytotoxicity 측정 결과, UVB 조사에 이하여 세포생존율은 감소되었고, 시료처리시 세포생존율은 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다.