• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 동계에 양식어류의 지속적인 성장을 유지시키기 위한 월동장으로서, 하계에 적조발생 해역으로부터의 대피장소로서 이동 가능한 적지를 수산물리 해양학적으로 선정 하고자 하였다. 동계에 월동장으로서는 서식적수온이 $10^{\circ}C$ 이상인 어종(넙치, 농어) 경우 거문도, 서이말, 가덕도, 그리고 제주도 주변해역이 적합하였으며, 15$^{\circ}C$ 이상인 어종(방어, 참돔, 복어)은 서귀포와 우도(성산포)에서 월동이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 산지는 동계에 강한 북서계절풍의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 지역으로 표면수온의 변화가 심하여 월동장으로서는 적합하지 않았다. 서식적수온이 각각 18$^{\circ}C$와 19$^{\circ}C$ 이상인 조피볼락과 숭어의 경우에는 성장을 지속시키며 월동할 수 있는 적지를 남해안에서는 찾을 수 없었다. 용존산소의 경우 동계와 하계 모두 전 해역에서 해양생물의 활동을 유지하는데 필요한 4$m\ell$/$\ell$이상의 농도를 나타내어 양식어류의 이동시 크게 고려하지 않아도 될 것으로 판단된다. 하계에 적조발생 해역으로부터 양식생물을 대피시키기 위한 이동적지로서는 지난 6년 간 적조가 발생하지 않았고, 만일의 경우 적조가 발생하더라도 인근해역으로 대피가 자유로운 거문도와 제주도 주변해역이 적합하였다. 목포주변해역은 조류가 세고, 여자만은 적조발생 시 대피시킬 수 있는 통로가 없어 이동적지로서는 적합하지 않았다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2007

Kyedan(戒壇) is an altar to perform a rite of Buddhist Initiation which gives Precept to a Buddhist monk. Sometimes it is called the Place of Precept and Mandala by Sanskrit. In this study, the Sutra of the Tang(唐) Dosun(道宣) regarding First Kyedan of Jetavana-anathapindasyarama(祇園精舍), which was the first temple such as, Kyedandokyung(戒壇圖經), Kiwonsadokyung(祇洹寺圖經), Sabunyul(四分律) were analyzed to find out original form and layout. Ultimately, the study was intended to examine the spatial formation-principle by comparing with Kyedan Temple. The results of this study could be summarized as below. First. Except for Kyedan in Bakryensa, the height of lower stone plate of Buddhist Bell-Shaped Stupa of Korean Kyedan is higher than three storied Kyedan that described in Kyedandokyung. Second. Buddhist Bell-Shaped Stupa above Kyedan was presumed that embodied image of Bell Pedestal and symbolism of overturned-bowl were combined together, when Kyedandokyung and Kiwonsadokyung were referred. It could be examined by the existence of stone lantern. Third. In Korea, the rite of Buddhist initiation that gives Precept in Kyedan has been considered impossible. However, when the rite was conducted, there was a possibility to establish wood stair. It is because that the Buddhist Stupa of Silleuuksa(神勒寺) and Woljeongsa(月精寺), which reflected the image of Kyedan had stone stair. Fourth, The method to build Kyedan of Dosun divided into Large Region and Small Region was applied to the method to construct Stone terrace behind Jeongmyeolbogung(寂滅寶宮) like Tongdosa(通度寺) and complete Kyedan on the stone terrace. In other words, Jeongmyeolbogung became Kyedanwon(戒壇院) and Kyedan, itself became Small Region. The area of Stone terrace became Large Region and naturally, they constituted an Institution. Fifth, Korean Kyedan which is consist of Jeongmyeonlbogung and Kyedan is a Korean original composition principles of Kyedangaram(戒壇伽藍) that can satiate all the functions of Kyedan as a religious subject and the place of the rite of Buddhist initiation, as it had complex of Outdoor Kyedan, which was suggested by the sutra of Dosun and Institution of Kyedan.

• 인지과학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2011

사람이 공간에 대한 표현이나 추론을 기술할 때, 정량적 정보 표현과 관련 추론이 어렵거나 불가능 할 때 정성적 표현과 추론을 사용할 수 있다. 2차원 공간에 대한 많이 알려진 정성적 방법 중에 RCC(Region Connection Calculus)-8이 있다. 지역(region)을 공간에 대한 온톨로지 기본 개체로 하는 RCC-8은 위상학적 의미에서 두 개의 지역에 관해 connection 기반의 논리식 및 개념적 이웃과 변환을 나타낸 것으로 각 지역의 이동이나 크기 변화를 전제로 하고 있다. 그러나 현실 세계의 공간 표현과 추론에는 몇 가지 측면들이 더 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 중력장내에서 일어나는 물리적 화학적 작용에 의해 변화하는 동적인 물질세계의 정성적 공간 표현을 위해 RCC-8의 수정 확장된 방법을 제안한다. 2D의 정성적 공간 표현 및 추론에서 전역적 참조 프레임(global reference frame)의 필요성을 기술하고, 전역적 참조 프레임을 사용하여 동적 물질세계의 물리적 화학적 변화를 표현하고 추론하기 위한 QSR-14을 기술한다. QSR-14는 RCC-8에서 불가능한 상황을 표현할 수 있어 실제 세계의 정성적 공간 표현 및 변화에 더 적합하다고 판단된다. 몇 개의 예제를 통해 정성적 표현과 추론에 대한 QSR-14의 유용성을 보인다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

칩 상에서 연결을 담당하는 와이어의 인식은 칩 역공학에서 가장 중요한 부분 중 하나이다. 칩 사진에서 인식된 와이어는 칩 회로의 논리 수준 또는 기능 수준 표현을 복원하는데 사용된다. 기존의 칩 역공학에서 주로 사용되는 수작업에 의한 와이어 인식은 정확한 결과를 제공하지만, 한 칩이나 블록에 속한 와이어의 수가 수십 만개 또는 그 이상이 될 경우 너무 많은 시간이 걸리는 단점이 있다. 칩 상의 와이어는 그 재료에 따라 특정한 밝기나 색상 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 칩 사진에 나타나는 영역의 밝기나 색상 특성을 이용하여 와이어 여부를 판단하는 2단계 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 이미지 이진화 과정과 이진 이미지에 나타나는 영역에 대한 와이어 여부를 판단하는 과정으로 이루어진다. 활용되는 기법들은 기존에 제안된 기법들을 이용한다. 둘째 단계에서, 와이어 영역의 특성을 지정해주기 위해서 사용자는 특정 와이어 영역을 선택하는 과정을 수행해야 한다. 선택된 와이어 영역의 히스토그램 특성은 다른 영역과의 히스토그램 유사도를 계산하는 데 사용된다. 첫 번째 실험은, 기존에 제안된 몇 가지 이미지 이진화 기법 중에서 둘째 단계를 위해 적절한 한 가지 기법을 선택하기 위한 것이다. 와이어 영역 판별 방법에 대한 둘째 실험은, 실험적으로 비교 가능한 기존 방법이 없는 관계로, 본 논문에서 제안하는 그레이 스케일 또는 HSV 컬러를 이용하는 히스토그램 유사도 비교 방법 세 가지에 대한 비교 실험 결과를 제시한다. 제일 성능이 좋은 방법은, 와이어 영역으로 판단한 영역이 진짜 와이어 영역인 비율이 98% 이상임을 확인하였다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2018

Models of South-North Korean economic integration have the problem of circular reasoning. While many studies argue that South-North Korean economic integration would contribute to alleviate security risks in the Korean peninsular, they emphasize the success of any economic model of inter-Korean economic integration is subject to favorable geo-political and security environment. It is a failure in distinguishing between goals and constraints. After identifying three major goals of South-North Korean economic cooperation, this study shows the trilemma among the goals; they are 1) formation of a complete economic community, 2) maintaining independent sovereignty of the two Koreas, 3) promotion of mutual economic interests. The trilemma suggests that it is theoretically impossible to achieve the above three goals at the same time. Only two goals are achievable simultaneously. This study argues that the most practical option is to pursue the combination of goals 2) and 3) considering the complex political and security environment around the Korean peninsular. Recognizing that North Korea is the least developed country in the Northeast Asia region, South Korea's initiatives for inter-Korean economic cooperation should focus on assisting industrialization and integration of the North Korea economy into the Northeast Asian regional production sharing structure. In view of the 'flying geese model' of the sequential industrialization in the region, the least developed economic status of North Korea can partially be explained by its failure to participate in the production network in the region as well as lack of effective implementation of appropriate industrial policy. Therefore, promotion of industrialization of North Korea should be the immediate goal of economic cooperation between North and South Korea. It is an interesting fact that North Korea has rapidly expanded its apparel exports in recent years. It could mean that the North Korean economy is actively responding to the dynamics of international comparative advantage structure, although the production activities are limited to exports to China since the closure of the Gaesung Industrial Complex. The recent increase in apparel export is a starting point for incorporating the Easy Import Substitution fulfilling both domestic and neighboring regional demand of North Korea. It could help integrate North Korea's industry into the production network of Northeast Asia. An immediate policy implication is that the economic cooperation between the two Koreas should focus on facilitating this process and supporting North Korea's industrial policy through South Korea's contribution of capital, technology, and service intermediary inputs.

• 치과방사선
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.307-316
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to improve the availabilities of radiographic technics as diagnostic method related to mandibular canal in dental clinic. For this study 12 dry mandibles were used and 12 orthopantomograms were taken for measuring the gonial angle and the angle of mandibular canal to inferior border of mandible. 12 sites located between the 1st premolar to the 3rd molar region of 3dry mandibles were selected randomly, for measuring the vertical image magnification rates on three films; intraoral film, orthopantomogram, and computed tomogram, respectively and the thickness of cortical bone, and for observing bucco-lingually and supero-inferiorly location of the mandibular canal. The acquired results were as follows: 1. The means of the gonial angle and the angle of mandibular canal to inferior border of mandible were 123.9° and 143.5° And the two angles of dry mandible in alveolar crest stage were greater than in alveolar socket stage. 2. The vertical image length on intraoral film by paralleling technic was magnified by 3.07% on the average, the length on orthopantomogram by 18.49%, and the length on computed tomogram by 0.27%. 3. Observation of the bucco-lingually positional relationship of the mandibular canal was impossible by occlusal projection with the cross section technic and intraoral standard projection with the Clack's rule, however, possible by computed tomogram. 4. The thickness of the cortical bone of mandible was thickest in inferior border, and thicker by 6.59% at buccal side than at lingual side.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2016

Recently, several implantable hearing aids such as cochlear implant, middle ear implant, etc., which have a module receiving power and signal from outside the body, are frequently used to treat the hearing impaired patients. Most of implantable hearing aids are adopted permanent magnet pairs to couple between internal and external devices for the enhancement of power transmission. Generally, the internal device which containing the magnet in the center of receiving coil is implanted under the skin of human temporal bone. In case of MRI scanning of a patient with the implantable hearing aid, however, homogeneous magnetic fields of the MRI might be interfered by the implanted magnet. For the above reasons, the MR image is degraded by large area of artifact, so that diagnostics are almost impossible in deteriorated region. In this paper, we proposed an external coil system that can reduce the artifact of MR image due to the internal coupling magnet. By finite element analysis estimating area of MR artifact according to varying current and shape of the external coil, optimal coil parameters were extracted. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed external coil system was verified by confirming the artifact at real MRI scan.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.2719-2723
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• 2012

A kinetic study is reported for nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl 4-pyridyl carbonate 6 with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in MeCN. The plot of pseudo-first-order rate constant ($k_{obsd}$) vs. [amine] curves upward, which is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with two intermediates (i.e., a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate $T^{\pm}$ and its deprotonated form $T^-$). Dissection of $k_{obsd}$ into the second- and third-order rate constants (i.e., $Kk_2$ and $Kk_3$, respectively) reveals that $Kk_3$ is significantly larger than $Kk_2$, indicating that the reactions proceed mainly through the deprotonation pathway (i.e., the $k_3$ process) in a high [amine] region. This contrasts to the recent report that the corresponding aminolysis of benzyl 2-pyridyl carbonate 5 proceeds through a forced concerted mechanism. An intramolecular H-bonding interaction was suggested to force the reactions of 5 to proceed through a concerted mechanism, since it could accelerate the rate of leaving-group expulsion (i.e., an increase in $k_2$). However, such H-bonding interaction, which could increase $k_2$, is structurally impossible for the reactions of 6. Thus, presence or absence of an intramolecular H-bonding interaction has been suggested to be responsible for the contrasting reaction mechanisms (i.e., a forced concerted mechanism for the reaction of 5 vs. a stepwise mechanism with $T^{\pm}$ and $T^-$ as intermediates for that of 6).

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2010

신령버섯은 항암작용과 더불어 면역강화작용 등 약용으로서 이용되고 있습니다. 최근에는 신령버섯 재배농가에서 새로운 병징 현상이 보고되어 내생세균에 대한 분자생물학적 방법으로 조사하였다. 병징을 나타내는 수집된 기형버섯을 eubacterial 16S rDNA 영역을 이용하여 PCR한 결과 기형버섯만 증폭되었다. 이 영역을 부분적으로 염기서열을 결정한 결과 CFB bacterium과 유사성이 가장 높았고, 이 염기서열을 이용하여 프라이머를 디자인한 후 nested PCR를 부위별로 확인한 결과 기형을 일으킨 갓의 주름살 부위에서 가장 강하게 증폭되었고 포자수확도 되지 않았으며 배양불능세균 group인 CFB bacterium임을 확인하였다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1529-1529
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• 2001

The watercore in apple is very important factor in storage and sorting of fruit. Most consumers tend to prefer the apple included watercore in immediately after harvest, however the watercore causes fruit flesh to brown during storage and lose the worth after all. But it is practically impossible to judge to the naked eye whether an apple has watercore or not. Therefore, the rapid, accurate and non-destructive analysis method for discrimination of watercore should be settled without delay. In this study we attempted the discrimination and quantitative analysis of watercore in apple fruit using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy ‘Fuji’ apple fruits produced in Kyungpook of Korea was used in this experiment. The watercore content in apple was evaluated by graphic treatment of culled slice sections(10 mm). NIR transmittance spectra were collected over the 500 to 1000 nm spectral region with a spectrometer (Sentronic Co., Germany). The calibration models were carried out by partial least squares (PLS) analysis between NIR spectra data of apples and chemical data of watercore content. The spectra were different in absorbance between apple included watercore and not included one. Apple included watercore had higher absorption band than sample not included one at 732 and 820 nm. The calibration model seems to be accurate to predict the watercore content in apple fruit, the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.99 and 0.93%, respectively. This result indicates that the PLSR calibration model by using NIR transmittance spectroscopy could be used for discrimination of watercore in apple fruit.