• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.3849-3856
• /
• 2015

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or bile duct cancer, is incurable with a high mortality rate due to a lack of effective early diagnosis and treatment. Identifying cytoplasmic membrane proteins of invasive CCA that facilitate cancer progression would contribute toward the development of novel tumor markers and effective chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: An invasive CCA cell line (KKU-100) was stimulated using TNF-${\alpha}$ and then biotinylated and purified for mass spectrometry analysis. Novel proteins expressed were selected and their mRNAs expression levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, the expression of ALCAM was selected for further observation by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent imaging, and antibody neutralization assay. Results: After comparing the proteomics profile of TNF-${\alpha}$ induced invasive with non-treated control cells, over-expression of seven novel proteins was observed in the cytoplasmic membrane of TNF-${\alpha}$ stimulated CCA cells. Among these, ALCAM is a novel candidate which showed significant higher mRNA- and protein levels. Immunofluorescent assay also supported that ALCAM was expressed on the cell membrane of the cancer, with increasing intensity associated with TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusions: This study indicated that ALCAM may be a novel protein candidate expressed on cytoplasmic membranes of invasive CCA cells that could be used as a biomarker for development of diagnosis, prognosis, and drug or antibody-based targeted therapies in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.524-529
• /
• 2006

For the repairing of bone defect, autogenous or allogenic bone grafting remains the standard. However, these methods have numerous disadvantages including limited amount, donor site morbidity and spread of diseases. Tissue engineering technique by culturing stem cells may allow for a smart solution for this problem. Adipose tissue contains mesenchymal stem cells that can be differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat or muscle by exposing them to specific growth conditions. In this study, the authors procured the stem cell from buccal fat pad and differentiate them into osteoblast and are to examine the bone induction capacity. Buccal fat-derived cells (BFDC) were obtained from human buccal fat pad and cultured. BFDC were analyzed for presence of stem cell by immunofluorescent staining against CD-34, CD-105 and STRO-1. After BFDC were differentiated in osteogenic medium for three passages, their ability to differentiate into osteogenic pathway were checked by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining and RT-PCR for osteocalcin (OC) gene expression. Immunofluorescent and biochemical assays demonstrated that BFDC might be a distinguished stem cells and mineralization was accompanied by increased activity or expression of ALP and OC. And calcium phosphate deposition was also detected in their extracelluar matrix. The current study supports the presence of stem cells within the buccal fat pad and the potential implications for human bone tissue engineering for maxillofacial reconstruction.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1999

Hantaan virus is widely distributed among rodent populations in Korea. Two antigenically distinct hantaviruses were isolated from Apodemus agrarius in 1976 and Rattus norvegicus in 1980 in Korea. This study was designed to investigate the serological evidence of hantavirus infection among indegenous wild rodents, which were captured in 11 mountains located in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungnam, Chunbug and Kyungnam province of South Korea. A total 252 wild rodents of 3 species were trapped from Myungsung Mt., Chumbong Mt., Kali Mt., Hansuk Mt., Chachil peak, Kyebang Mt., Odae Mt., Kyerong Mt., Kaya Mt., Togju Mtand Chiri Mtin 1997. Serologic test for hantavirus infection was performed using hantavirus antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody techniqueAmong 122 Apodemus agrarius, 88 Apodemus peninsulae and 42 Eothenomys regulus; 18 A. agrarius (14.8%), 12 A. peninsulae (13.6%) and 4 E. regulus (9.5%) were immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) positive against hantaan virus. IFA titers 3 Eothenomys regulus sera were higher against puumalavirus than hantaan virus. These data imply that above three species of rodent might be natural reservoirs of hantaviruses in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 1998

Hantaan virus are widely distributed in rodents populations in Korea. Two antigenically distinct hantaviruses have been isolated from Apodemus agrarius in 1976 and Rattus norvegicus in 1980 in Korea. This study was designed to find the serological evidence of hantavirus infection among indigenous wild rodents captured in 7 Mountains located in Kangwon province of south Korea. A total 191 wild rodents of 3 species were trapped in Chumbong mountain, Kali mountain, Hansuk mounatin, Chachil peak, Bukam ridge, Kyebang mountain and Odae mountain in 1997. Serologic evidence for hantavirus infection were tested using hantavirus antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Among 85 Apodemus agrarius, 77 Apodemus peninsulae and 29 Eothenomys regulus; 8 A. agrarius (9.4%), 11 A. peninsulae (14.3%) and 4 E. regulus (13.8%) were immunofluorescent antibody positive against hantaan virus. IF antibody titers against Puumala virus of 3 E. regulus sera were higher than against hantaan virus. This data suggest that several antigenically distinct hantaviruses have been circulated in rodent populations in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 1998

A total of 5 animals including 3 raccoons, 1 badger, and 1 fennec fox kept in outdoor exhibits at the Everland Zoological Gardens showed depression, anorexia, dyspnea, serous oculonasal discharge, diarrhea, and convulsions. All the affected animals died within 10 days after the onset of clinical signs. This outbreak lasted about 4 months. On necropsy, major gross lesions were confined to the lungs. Red to grey sublobular to lobular consolidations with various sized tan to reddish spots were observed in the lungs. Histopathologically, the pulmonary lesions were characterized by acute to subacute bronchointerstitial pneumonia with secondary bacterial or adenoviral infections. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies compatible with canine distemper virus (CDV) were found in the lung, urinary bladder, kidney, intrahepatic bile duct, stomach, small and large intestines. Multifocal areas of severe demyelination and accumulation of gitter cells or nonsuppurative inflammation were seen in the brains of 2 raccoons. CDV -specific antigens were demonstrated in the lung sections on immunofluorescent assay. The present report describes an outbreak of CDV infection in a zoo and indicates the range of susceptible zoo animal species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 1999

A nation wide sero-epidemiological survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) was carried out to analyze the current status of the PRRS virus infections in the field using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay(IFA) with the field isolate PL96-1. Since the first report of the antibody detection to PRRSV in 1993, the prevalence of seropositive pigs has increased dramatically and the data indicate that over 21% of the pigs and around 60% of the farms showed seropositives to the PRRS virus. A slightly higher positive rate was recognized in breeders than fattenings and it might be due to the higher age at the time of testings. No significant regional differences were detected in the sero-epidemiological survey. Higher sero-positive rate in growers indicates that PRRSV infection in the field was common after weaning(around 40 days). However, the number of seropositive pigs were declined in fattening pigs. Sows showed around 26% of sero-positive rate that there is a higher chance of continuous virus circulation in the infected farms. Low rate of sero-positivity in boars(9.8%) implies that there is high demand in proper control measures to prevent virus spreading through breeding procedures such as natural or artificial insemination. Therefore it was concluded that PRRSV infection in domestic swine herds is endemic and the positive rate and economic loses will be increased by spontaneous infections in naive farms.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.308-321
• /
• 1992

심근세포는 골격근 세포와 더불어 세포의 분화기작을 이해하기 위한 좋은 모델이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 심근세포의 배양중에 일어나는 심근 근원섬유형성과정에 대한 이해를 위하여 SDS- 및 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis와 immunofluorescent 및 immunoelectron microscopy를 수단으로 이를 검토하였다. 배양과정에서 나타나는 주요한 단백질 중에서 SDS-PAGE에 의해 209 kDa와 53 kDa 및 46 kDa band가 각각 막분획 및 세포질 분획 단백질에서 배양과정동안에 가장 현저한 양상을 보였다. 특히 배양 3일과 4일의 양상에서 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내어 이들의 OD 격은 배양 96시간에서의 막분획에서 0.38(209 kDa)와 0.52(53 kDa) 및 배양 72시간에서의 세포질 분획에서 0.34(46 kDa)로 각각 최고치를 나타내었다. 또한 이차원 전기영동상의 양상에서도 세포질 및 막분획 단백질의 전반적인 전개양상이 배양 96시간에서 가장 두드러짐으로써 결국 배양 72시간 및 96시간대에서 심근 모세포의 분화와 관련된 일련의 단백질 합성과정이 가장 활발하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 배양중에 발현되는 actin에 대한 형광현미경적 분석에 의해, actin은 세포내에서 불균등하게 분포하였고 근원섬유가 형성되는 시기인 배양 96시간에 세포외곽부에서 나타나는 다소 강한 염색성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 심근세포의 근원섬유는 전자현미경 관찰에 의해 primitive forms로 배양 96시간에 출현함을 알 수 있었으며 이 시기의 근원섬유의 형태는 여러 구성대(A, H and M bands)가 미약하나 1대는 비교적 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 심근세포의 T근원섬유형성과정에서 관찰되는 뚜렷한 단백질양상의 변화와 근원섬유의 출현시기 및 구성과정간에는 중요한 관련성이 있으며 이러한 과정에서 actin은 세포질내에서 불균등한 분포를 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.448-457
• /
• 2023

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia, and impaired mitophagy is a hallmark of AD. Mitophagy is mitochondrial-specific autophagy. Ginsenosides from Ginseng involve in autophagy in cancer. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1 hereafter), a single compound of Ginseng, has neuroprotective effects on AD. However, few studies have reported whether Rg1 can ameliorate AD pathology by regulating mitophagy. Methods: Human SH-SY5Y cell and a 5XFAD mouse model were used to investigate the effects of Rg1. Rg1 (1µM) was added to β-amyloid oligomer (AβO)-induced or APPswe-overexpressed cell models for 24 hours. 5XFAD mouse models were intraperitoneally injected with Rg1 (10 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Expression levels of mitophagy-related markers were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze. Mitophagic events were observed using transmission electron microscopy, western blot, and immunofluorescent staining from mouse hippocampus. The activation of the PINK1/Parkin pathway was examined using an immunoprecipitation assay. Results: Rg1 could restore mitophagy and ameliorate memory deficits in the AD cellular and/or mouse model through the PINK1-Parkin pathway. Moreover, Rg1 might induce microglial phagocytosis to reduce β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the hippocampus of AD mice. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate the neuroprotective mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in AD models. Rg1 induces PINK-Parkin mediated mitophagy and ameliorates memory deficits in 5XFAD mouse models.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1988

Twenty-eight porcine rotavirus were isolated from piglets with diarrhoea in chonnam province. According to the age, 41 to 60 day old pigs showed the highest isolation frequency among the post weaning pigs. The characteristics of the field isolates were determined by electronmicroscopy(EM), immunofluorescent assay(FA), and electrophoretic migration patterns of the genome profiles. Some of the isolates showed remarkable haemagglutination activity against rabbit and dog erythrocytes, ranged from 4 to 2848, respectively. At least 3 serotypes of porcine rotavirus were recognized by serum neutralization test using serotype specific rotavirus hyperimmune sera.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2003

This survey was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in Korean native cattle (KNC) raised in Kangwon province in Korea. A total of 867 sera collected from KNC were tested for N. caninum antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). One hundred and fifty five (17.9%) KNC were positive by IFAT. Seroprevalence of cows was 19.6% (44/224) and seroprevalence of boars was 17.3% (111/643). Among the seroprevalences of cattle according to the raised areas, five counties or cities, Hwacheon was 33.3% (1/3), Wonju was 30.8% (4/13), Chuncheon was 25.8% (24/93), Hongcheon 18.3% (22/120) and Wheongsung was 16.6%(104/628). It was proved that KNC raised in Kangwon provinces exposed extensively and seriously to N. caninum.