• Korean Linguistics
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• v.65
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

The idiom is listed in the lexicon, because it's meaning cannot be inferred from it's constituents. And the idiom is a single semantic unit. Thus the idiom is inserted to the syntax in the quality of a word. But the idiom is not always inserted to the syntax as a word. In the process generating the sentence, we can recognize the categorial property of the idiom that it is formally equal to the syntactic phrase. Then each of the constituents of the idiom can be inserted to the syntax. This is why the syntactic operation(as modification, topicalization, relativization, etc) can be applied to the constituent of the idiom. In this respect the idiom is a flexible construction as the listeme of a lexicon. The flexible property of the idiom is related to the dynamicity of a lexicon. The formal or semantic transformation of the idiom is the good example to show the dynamicity of a lexicon.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to investigate the difference across children's grades in the ambiguous idiom comprehension, the relation with the ambiguous idiom comprehension and language, perspective-taking ability, and what the factors which can influence to comprehend the ambiguous idioms is. 70 elementary school students from 1st grade to 6th grade participated in this study. They were classified with 3 groups, A(1st-2nd grade), B(3rd-4th), C(5th-6th) group and tested in the ambiguous idiom comprehension, receptive vocabulary, problem-solving and perspective-taking. Results of this study are followed. First, there was a significant difference in three groups in the ambiguous idiom comprehension task. And there was significant difference between A group and B, C but not between B and C. Second, in relation with the ambiguous idiom and language ability, perspective-taking ability, there was positive relation with the ambiguous idiom comprehension and them. Finally, the factors which can influence to comprehend the ambiguous idioms is the receptive vocabulary ability, cue-assumption and resolution-inference ability in problem-solving. And the 3 factors explain 65.3% of ambiguous idiom comprehension ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.466-476
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• 2010

The present study is to investigate the changes of idioms comprehension ability according to the familiarity of idiom, gender and academic achievements. 50 idioms were divided familiar and unfamiliar by the survey. The subjects was 18 years old, 63 college students. The participants were assessed with the task. The task is about the idiom comprehension with 25 familiar idioms and 25 unfamiliar. And there investigated about the academic achievements on participants. The result were as follows: Frist, there was significant difference in the idioms comprehension ability according to the familiarity of idiom. Second, there was on significant difference in the idioms comprehension ability according to gender. Third, there was significant difference in the idioms comprehension ability according to academic achievements. The result of present study will be important data for Korean idiom education of foreigner.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.658-668
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• 2015

The purpose of present study tested the effects of context, transparency, familiarity and related variables on comprehension of 32 idioms in 87 Chinese learners of Korean who were attending the S university in Jeonnam providence. In the first assessment, idiomatic phrases were presented out of context. In another assessment, idiomatic phrases were embedded in supportive story contexts. To examine the difference based on task types, paired t-test or one-way ANOVA was used to test differences on related variables such as TOPIK, years of residence in Korea, major and etc. on idiom comprehension. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, task type, familiarity and transparency were found to have no significant effect on idiom comprehension for Chinese learners of Korean. Second, the related variables such as TOPIK, and major had a significant effect on idiom comprehension. Third, percentage of context related interpretation error in context task was the highest. Literal interpretation errors were followed by it. It means they have a tendency to use contextual cues and semantic analysis of the phrase to comprehend Korean idioms. The results of study will be used to make a plan for teaching Chinese learners of Korean.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.167-172
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• 2021

관용표현 중에는 중의성을 가진 표현이 많다. 즉 하나의 표현이 맥락에 따라 일반적 의미와 관용적 의미 두 가지 이상으로 해석될 가능성이 있어 이런 유형의 관용표현을 중의성 해소 없이 자연어 처리 태스크에 적용할 경우 문제가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 관용표현의 특성인 중의성과 더불어 '관용표현은 이미 사용자의 머릿속에 하나의 토큰으로 저장되어 있다'라는 'Idiom Principle'을 바탕으로 관용표현에 대해 각각 표면형, 단순 단일 토큰형, stemming 단일 토큰형 층위의 임베딩을 만들어 관용표현 분류 연구를 진행하였으며, 실험 결과 표면형 및 stemming을 적용하지 않은 단순 단일 토큰으로 학습하는 것보다, stemming을 적용한 후 단일 토큰으로 학습하는 것이 관용표현의 중의성 해소에 유의미한 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2003

In this paper, I present a programming idiom for extending message protocols incrementally in C++, where effectiveness of message transmission is regarded as static binding. Our techniques analyze message protocols with a message handler that examines message types, parameters, and effectiveness dynamically. The result of this analysis is not only to cope with incremental extension of message protocols effectively but also to simulate all essential elements of the object-oriented programming. This result also makes it possible to write high level of procedure like message transmission to object groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.659-671
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• 2013

Through Korean traditional opera (changgeuk) Medea, composer Hwang Ho-jun showed eclectic music idiom by 1) writing music (jakchang) on manuscript paper and score, 2) introducing the "song-through" format, 3) including various solo melodies, 4) maximizing the effect created by a singing narrator (dochang) with the chorus master and a mixed chorus, 5) seeking an interplay of tension and release by using both discord and chord, 6) achieving the effect of kil-bakkum, the Korean traditional method of modulation, through modulation and borrowed chord of Western music. In Medea, instrumentalists adopted suseong-banju (Korean traditional accompaniment) which does not spoil the voice of singers. Hwang adopted song for the way how singers express various hidden sides of play among song, aniri (narration) and balim (gesture) and introduced the Sung-through format in which the play is comprised entirely of song. In Medea, oral sounds expressing wail, lament, cheer, sneer and scream are often used and various solo melodies appear that fit for personalities of characters, clearly showing what bunchang (singers' singing songs divided according to characters) is all about. And discord and chord are effectively used according to the development and mood of play. Hwang also achieved successfully the effect of kil-bakkum by abandoning the traditional modulation method and boldly introducing modulation and borrowed chord of Western music.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.107-134
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• 2018

This paper is an art historical attempt to discuss the transfer and transmission of a certain visual idiom along the Silk Roads and to show the multi-dimensionality of the trans-regional, trans-cultural movement. The motifs of grapes and grapevines are discussed here for this purpose, including the grape-and-vine motif mixed with other animated figures and plants. A special emphasis is on China and its reception, but regional varieties within East Asia are also discussed. The motif is one of the most longstanding and versatile visual idioms, widely distributed along the regions of the Silk Roads. This deceptively familiar motif came to China, where grapes and viticulture were introduced far later than the West. The West developed various symbolisms ranging from manic revelry and heavenly unity with mystic beings, to royalty and power in different cultures. In China, this visual idiom was eagerly received in association with something exotic and re-interpreted in the context of Chinese culture. Without active viticulture, the motif transformed itself into beautiful design patterns and space fillers in China and East Asia. The natural appeal of jewel-like grapes acquired new meanings of fertility and happiness in the traditional East Asian cultural context. To see the cultural effect of viticulture on the visualization of this motif, the Islamic reception of the motif is briefly touched upon when countries to the West of China (서역 西域) were fully Islamized and heavily affected by the prohibition of alcoholic drinking.

• 중국학논총
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• no.63
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• pp.91-120
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• 2019

《官話類編》是一部美國傳教士Calvin Wilson Mateer1892編寫的漢語教科書. 他1864年來華之後為了有效的传道编写語言學, 数学, 科学等方面的教科书并设立了山东养学堂和登州学会馆, 中国教育史上出了不少贡献. 《官話類編》是花25年的时间, 进行对北京, 南京, 九江, 潍县方言的方言调查后编写的, 内容簡單而且日常会话为主, 收到当时来华传教士的欢迎. 当时北京官话被认为是最时髦, 最流行的方言, 成为官方的公式语言. 虽然南方官话不是主流, 但还是在中国的更大地区里接受的官话方言. 《官話類編》里的北京官话有疑母消失, 见, 精组合流, 保存iai韵母, 梗曾摄, 宕江摄, 通摄存在文白异读等特征, 他记录的南京官话有见精组对立, 疑母消失, 保存入声和iai韵母, n, l和n, ŋ想混的特征, 为了解当时语言使用的情况以及音韵特征提供很有价值的信息.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

Data analysts explore collections of data to search for valuable information using various techniques and tricks. Garbage in, garbage out is a well-recognized idiom that emphasizes the importance of the quality of data in data analysis. It is therefore crucial to validate the data quality in the early stage of data analysis, and an effective method of evaluating the quality of data is hence required. In this paper, a method to visually characterize the quality of data using the notion of a saliency score is introduced. The saliency score is a measure comprising five indexes that captures certain aspects of data quality. Some experiment results are presented to show the applicability of proposed method.