• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify difference in motivation of move to senior cohousing communities in Sweden during 10 years between the year of 2001 and 2010 by a longitudinal study. Questionnaire survey was used for the study. 313 data were collected from 12 senior cohousing communities, which were established by residents-initiated process. It includes 8 of Senior g${\aa}$rden cohousings in 2001 and 4 of +40 cohousings in 2010 nationwide in Sweden. The result indicates that there are significant differences in motivation of move to senior cohousing between 2001 and 2010. Comparing motivation of move to senior cohousing during 10 years, respondents of 2010 focus more on social merits than practical merits of cohousing as they move to cohousing communities. They stress more to the reasons as good contacts with neighbors, mutual supports, sharing common activities and getting rid of loneliness rather than burden of housing and garden management, and universal-designed house. The result of this study reveals motivation of move to senior cohousing has been changed during 10 years in Sweden.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제24권12호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2010

Recently, BIPV system which is good enough for maintenance and functions with the shading system is being used. However BIPV system with the shading system is different from existing PV module because of using flexible PV module. Prior to the application of the BIPV system, the clearness index was calculated by Erbs et al.(1982) and analyzed for the amount of electric power generation of sky irradiance with measured data. To predict electric lighting energy savings in daylit space, electric lighting power savings with amount of PV module electric power generation was compared by using Relux 2010 software in this study.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2010

Objectives Halitosis affects a large proportion of the population, and it may cause a significant social or psychological problems but pathophysiological mechanism of halitosis is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate pediatric halitosis patients' characteristics and their related symptoms. Methods 133 patients were participated at the Pediatric Clinic of Kyanhee Oriental Medical Center from May 29th, 2010 to July 10th, 2010. We measured sulfide level and reviewed medical charts and asked some questions. Patients of sex, age, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, systemic symptoms and sulfide level were analyzed. Results Stuffy nose, cough after sleep, sputum, snoring, indigestion, stomachache, motion sickness, and Bi-We-Soo diagnosis grades were significantly associated with halitosis Conclusions Based on data, we found that halitosis is related to the respiratory and digestive symptoms. Also, we can refer this study when diagnosing patients or giving treatments to patients.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제46권
• /
• pp.3-27
• /
• 2010

Incoterms are standard trade terms most commonly used in international sales contracts. ICC have updated six times to keep pace with current international trade practices. Amendments and additions were made in 1953,1967,1976,1980,1990 and presently in 2000. ICC is currently revising Incoterms 2000. The new edition, Incoterms 2010, is expected to enter into force on 1 January 2011. In this paper, I reviewed the present conditions of trade terms and the problems of Incoterms 2000 in our country. I hope this paper to contribute to revising works of Incoterms by reference of above mentioned contents, that is to say, ship's rail, expansion of seller's risk liability of FOB,CFR,CIF.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2010

A new technique using a search method which is based on fuzzy multi-criteria function is proposed for GMS(generator maintenance scheduling) in order to consider multi-objective function. Not only minimization of probabilistic production cost but also maximization of system reliability level are considered for fuzzy multi-criteria function. To obtain an optimal solution for generator maintenance scheduling under fuzzy environment, fuzzy multi-criteria relaxation method(fuzzy search method) is used. The practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated by simulation studies for a real size power system model in Korea in 2010.

• 대기
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2016

An anomalous cold-weather period occurred during January 2011 in East Asia, and this study investigates the event by focusing on the blocking phenomena formed at Northeastern Asia. The area of cold weather is determined to represent the characteristic features of abnormal cold temperature. The 2010/11 winter is divided into three periods P1, P2 (cold period), and P3. For the cold area ($30-50^{\circ}N$, $115-135^{\circ}E$) the corresponding cold period P2 is determined to be 39 days from 23 December 2010 through 30 January 2011. During P1 and P3 temperature anomalies from the climatological mean are small with large standard deviation compared to those of P2, which has large negative anomaly and small standard deviation. The period P2 is dominated by blocking, which was determined by distributions of 500-hPa geopotential height and potential temperature on the 2 PVU surface. Correlation-coefficient analyses show that during P2 the temperature in the cold area is related with pressure of Northeastern Asia, while the temperature during P1 and P3 is related with pressure of Northwest of Korea. Also, during P1 and P3 the temperature pattern shows eastward propagation, but during P2, a stationary pattern. All the observations imply that, during the cold period P2, the temperature in the cold area is related with blocking in Northeastern Asia. During P1 and P3 temperature pattern is related with 500-hPa geopotential height in Siberia, and this relationship is also observed in the climatological mean state.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.101-132
• /
• 2008

이 글은 1990년부터 진행된 미국의 인구센서스의 변화와 향후의 전망에 대해서 2000년의 경험과 2010년의 계획을 중심으로 논의한다. 먼저, 2000년 센서스의 준비과정에서 미국 과학원학술평의회 국가통계위원회가 작성한 2000년 센서스 개선안의 내용을 통계적 추정방법 도입, 응답률 개선방안, long form 개선방안, 소수민족 집계누락, 인구센서스 대체방안, 센서스 비실시 연도 소지역통계 확보방안, 센서스 프레임 정비 등으로 살펴보고, 1998년 대법원 판결 이후 2000년 센서스에서 통계적 추정방법을 이용한 미국판 One Number Census를 추진하지 못하게 된 경위를 검토한다. 다음은 2010년 인구센서스의 핵심적 특성의 하나인 long form과 short form의 분리, 곧 short form은 전통적 센서스, 곧 전수조사와 현장실사의 원칙을 준수하는 방식으로 그대로 두고, long form을 대체하여 순환센서스로 진행되는 American Community Survey에 대해서는 그 과정과 주요 특성을 검토한다. MAF/TIGER는 인구센서스의 집계과정에서 정확성을 향상 하고자 하는 또 하나의 특성으로, 이것은 2010년 센서스에서 모바일 컴퓨터를 도입하는 하이테크 센서스를 목표로 기획된 것이었다. 이 글은 미국 센서스에서 short form과 long form의 분리가 대법원 판결로 우연히 일어난 것이 아니라는 점을 강조하기는 하지만, 미국 센서스는 2008년 현재, 인구조사국의 모바일컴퓨터 개발실패로 60만 비정규직 조사원의 고용을 불가피하게 할 것으로 예상되며, 이로 말미암아 2010년 미국 센서스의 정확성에 대한 우려감이 증대하고 있음을 지적한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.381-384
• /
• 2010

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) causing acute myelopathy is rare. The usual clinical presentation of a SEH is sudden severe neck or back pain that progresses toward paraparesis or quadriparesis, depending on the level of the lesion. Recent studies have shown that early decompressive surgery is very important for patient's recovery. We experienced five patients of cervico-thoracic epidural hematomas associated with neurologic deficits that were treated successfully with surgical intervention.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.259-262
• /
• 2010

Study about fuzzy entropy and similarity measure on intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) were proposed, and analyzed. Unlike fuzzy set, IFSs contains uncertainty named hesistancy, which is contained in fuzzy membership function itself. Hence, designing fuzzy entropy is not easy because of ununified entropy definition. By considering different fuzzy entropy definitions, fuzzy entropy is designed and discussed their relation. Similarity measure was also presented and verified its usefulness to evaluate degree of similarity.

• 호남수학학술지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2010

Using the Bu$\c{s}$neag's model ([1, 2, 3]), the notion of pseudo-valuations (valuations) on a ${\mathbf{BCK/BCI}}$-algebra is introduced, and a pseudo-metric is induced by a pseudo-valuation on ${\mathbf{BCK/BCI}}$-algebras. Based on the notion of (pseudo) valuation, we show that the binary operation in ${\mathbf{BCK/BCI}}$-algebras is uniformly continuous.