• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

This paper presents the effect of pyrazine on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH):isopropyl alcohol (IPA) single-crystal silicon anisotropic etching properties. With the addition of IPA to TMAH solutions, etching characteristics are exhibited an improvement in flatness on the etching front and a reduction in undercutting, but the etch rate on (100) silicon is decreased. The (100) silicon etch rate is improved by the addition of pyrazine. An etch rate on (100) silicon of 0.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/min, which is faster by 13% than a 20 wt.% solution of pure TMAH, is obtained using 20 wt.% TMAH: 0.5 g/100 ml pyrazine solutions, but the etch rate on (100) silicon is decreased when more pyrazine is added. With the addition of pyrazine to a 25 wt.% TMAH solution, variations in flatness on the etching front are not observed and the undercutting ratio is reduced by 30~50%. These results indicate that anisotropic etching technology using TMAH:IPA:pyrazine solutions provides a powerful and versatile method for realizing of microelectromechanical systems.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2005

본 연구에서 광촉매 $TiO_2$/P-25를 알루미늄 금속판에 코팅하여 코팅 조건에 따른 IPA 분해 활성을 고찰한 결과, 무기계 바인더인 KR-400, 유$\cdot$무기복합 바인더인 TMOS, 유기계 바인더인 A-9540을 사용하여 코팅한 알루미늄 금속판의 표면상은 모두 깨끗하였다. 부착력은 무기계 바인더를 제외한 바인더에서 우수한 것으로 나왔다. 또한 IPA 분해 효율은 무기계 바인더 < 유$\cdot$무기 복합 바인더 < 유기계 바인더 순으로 나타났다. 유$\cdot$무기복합 바인더와 P-25의 비율을 10: 10, 8.3: 10, 6.6: 10, 5: 10, 3.3: 10, 1.6: 10으로 바꾸어 광분해 실험을 수행한 결과, 1.6:10일 때 IPA 분해 효율이 가장 우수하였다. 상용화된 타사(A사, B사) 제품과의 성능 비교 결과, 본 연구에서 사용한 바인더(A-9540): P-25의 비율을 1: 6으로 배합하여 코팅 한 알루미늄 판의 IPA분해 효율이 가장 우수하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.112-118
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• 2013

Air travel demand has recently been growing and establishment and operation of low-cost carriers have been increased. Against this backdrop, low-cost carriers need to figure out diversified customer demand for low-cost carriers and ways to maximize marketing efficiency before applying it to the field so that they can attain superiority to large carriers in increased intensified competition. Low-cost carriers need to be differentiated from other carriers for the purpose of improving profits. Toward this end, this study conducted analysis on importance and satisfaction with carrier choice using IPA with regard to low-cost carrier customers. In conclusion, the paper accurately examined advantages and disadvantages of low-cost carriers compared to general carriers based on results of IPA analysis and suggested managerial strategies to enhance competitiveness based on division into four parts including maintenance and enforcement (1st quadrant, Delay compensation, Booking rapidity, Check rapidity, Crew service, refund service, baggage service, punctuality, transit services, airlines images), concentrated improvement (2nd quadrant, price, Convenience of seat), passive administration (3rd quadrant, Boarding service, cabin cleanliness, flight schedule, whether local crew on board, meal service, in-flight entertainment service), and enhanced satisfaction (4th quadrant, duty-free service, Variety of routes), so that practical suggestions could be presented to employees working in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.208-225
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• 2010

Our research consisted of a qualitative study investigating the quality attributes of university foodservices through focus group interviews and a quantitative study evaluating service quality of university foodservices through a survey. Sixteen quality attributes were derived and customer satisfaction questionnaires included these 16 quality attributes with a five-point Likert scale. An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) model was applied in order to identify operational strategies necessary to improve service quality. The survey questionnaires were distributed to 600 university students enrolled in a university located in Kwangju and statistical analysis was performed on 555 surveys using an SPSS package. Overall customer satisfaction with the quality of university foodservices was relatively low (under 3.0) while the expectation was inclined to be high (over 4.0). The main reasons for using the university foodservice were given as inexpensive price (67.6%) and time saving (22.9%). A factor analysis of 16 quality attributes revealed two separate factors: food quality (Cronbach's alpha=0.911) and service quality (Cronbach's alpha=0.934). Variety of menu, convenient location, and sanitation of utensils and facilities were identified by an IPA model as factors needing improvement in operational strategies.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in early childhood teachers' perceptions of the importance and institutional performance regarding young children's rights. Methods: 171 early childhood teachers responded to the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using the paired sample t-test and the IPA graph to identify differences in the teachers' perceptions of the importance and performance of each right. Results: First, the teachers perceived the importance of children's rights to be high but low in institutional performance. The main effect of teaching years on the perception appeared significant only regarding performance of the rights of protection and participation. The main effect of teacher education experiences was significant in all areas except the importance of survival rights. The results from Two-Way ANOVA showed the two variables have no interaction. Second, the second quadrant of the IPA matrix displayed the items regarding initiative and autonomy of young children. Both inexperienced- and highly-experiencedteachers, when they had teacher education, recognized that the items related to participation rights should be further improved. Conclusion/Implications: We discussed the various ways in which children's rights should be improved and ways of improving teacher education according to teacher variables in order to promote young children's rights.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.153-163
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to measure IPA(Importance Performance Analysis) of the hospital choice factors between internal and external customers at rural general hospital. This study was used 5 types of choice factor such as physical, human, accessibility, connection, and external image. Also, this study was used IPA which can be applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses quality attributes from customers' viewpoint by simultaneously evaluating importance and performance. IPA was assessed using a sample of 98 patients and 96 internal employees who work at C general hospital in Chunkcheongbuk-do. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires from February 13 to March 30 in 2012 and analyzed SPSS 18 by using frequency, paired t-test and scatter plot graph. The results of IPA show that "Keep up the good work" quadrant was human factor and "Low Priority" quadrant was physical and connection factors between internal and external customers. The finding of this study will be applied to improve human service quality in administrative department of hospital. Also, this study presents primary data for correct decision making to authorities of local hospitals that have concern about hospital strategy. The implications of this study are discussed and areas for future research are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The Industrial Innovation Movement, based on win-win cooperation with SMEs, is a structure that enables suppliers who have struggled with corporate growth through productivity innovation due to poor manufacturing environment and lack of innovation. To this end, consultants and technical experts will support production innovation activities to improve production methods and improve productivity through process and management consulting. The purpose of this study was to explore the driving factors of the industrial innovation movement to improve the corporate ecosystem by improving the productivity of SMEs using modified IPA. The research results are as follows. First, in order to revitalize the Industrial Innovation Movement, the CEO-related elements of the participating companies should be maintained and strengthened. The motivation, education support, innovation organizational culture, the establishment of an innovation promotion system requires centralization of efforts for improvement. Second, in order to revitalize the Industrial Innovation Movement, the consultant's ability to analyze problems and suggest alternatives should be continuously strengthened. Third, in terms of the Central Promotion Headquarters, it was found that the Industrial Innovation Movement would be successful if the public information, industrial inspection for benchmarking, and provision of various information to support innovation activities were urgently improved.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the direction of efficient e-learning education through the importance and satisfaction survey of learners of non-face-to-face video lectures. Therefore, by grasping the degree of satisfaction of the importance ratio through the IPA analysis method, we try to present improvement measures for insufficient education methods. Design/methodology/approach For IPA analysis, we conducted an online survey of four universities and analyzed 154 samples. The analysis method used SPSS, and through the wordcloud analysis method of R, the suggestions for the non-face-to-face lecture method felt by learners were analyzed to derive implications for improving the quality of education. Findings As a result of the overall satisfaction survey for the entire non-face-to-face class, the factors with the greatest dissatisfaction are listed as follows. Complaints about the adequacy of learning materials and activities (quiz, discussion, assignments, etc.), Complaints about how to use the produced content, and complaints about announcements about class management (lecture schedule, lecture method) were identified in order. The factors of dissatisfaction were clear in the non-face-to-face class where interactive communication was impossible or insufficient. In addition to the lack of quick Q&A, there seems to have been a phenomenon of some neglect.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.65-79
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the importance and performance of the evaluation indicators of the childcare center evaluation system among childcare center staff and to find ways to improve the evaluation indicators of the childcare center evaluation system. Methods: A survey was conducted among 296 directors and teachers of childcare centers located in Busan and Gyeongnam. The collected data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and an IPA analysis with SPSS 23.0 and Excel 2010. Results: There was a difference between the perceived importance and performance of childcare staff for the overall evaluation indicators, and significant differences were found in all areas and nine evaluation indicators except for "childcare environment and operation management". According to the IPA analysis, Health and Safety fell into quadrant 1, Staff into quadrant 2, and Child Care Process, Interaction, Child Care Environment, and Operations into quadrant 3. This distribution resulted in 6 indicators in quadrant 1, 4 in quadrant 2, 7 in quadrant 3, and 1 in quadrant 4. Conclusion/Implications: This study provides essential data for exploring ways to enhance the evaluation indicators of the childcare center evaluation system, with the goal of improving the quality of childcare services. Additionally, it offers policy implications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.spc
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• pp.54-60
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• 2023

The government focuses on promoting start-ups, fostering ventures, and creating an ecosystem of start-ups through the formation of a strong growth environment for small businesses. This study provides academic and practical implications about ways of improving our business incubator's support service across stages of growth through IPA. To this end, an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted to analyze relationship and differences in importance and satisfaction of business incubator's support service support at business incubation center. These results present to provide the following academic and practical implications. The academic implications are the need for differences in support services for each phase of start-up growth. As factors that could increase the likelihood of successful start-up were identified in each phase of the start-up growth, important information needed for policy and strategy was provided. As a practical suggestion, the managers and expert groups are presented with sections to be opened for each start-up growth stage, minimum effort input, and areas to be maintained continuously. A systematic support plan is established and a foundation is provided for improvement measures in efficient start-up business incubator's support service.