• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

In order to control Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a novel virulent bacteriophage PM2 was isolated. Bacteriophage PM2 can infect 48% of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and 78% of P. carotovorum subsp. brasilliensis but none of atrosepticum, betavasculorum, odoriferum and wasabiae isolates had been infected with PM2. PM2 phage belongs to the family Myoviridae, and contains a large head and contractile tail. It has a 170,286 base pair genome that encodes 291 open reading frames (ORFs) and 12 tRNAs. Most ORFs in bacteriophage PM2 share a high level of homology with T4-like phages including IME08, RB69, and JS98. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of terminase large subunits confirmed that PM2 is classified as a T4-like phage. It contains no integrase- or no repressor-coding genes related to the lysogenic cycle, and lifestyle prediction using PHACT software suggested that PM2 is a virulent bacteriophage.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.251-272
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• 2010

Resource Description and Access(RDA) was published in 2008, reflecting IFLA IME ICC's International Cataloguing Principles(ICP), conceptual model for cataloging of Functional Requirement for Bibliographic Records(FRBR), and conceptual model for authority data of Functional Requirement for Authority Data(FRAD). Therefore, new tags and fields have been added to MARC21 format, and researches about the prototype have been studied to implement FRBR as envisioned by the new RDA standard. According to the innovative international cataloging environments, KCR and KORMARC must be revised to accommodate RDA description. This study was to grasp occurrence rate of work and expression element of FRBR and RDA among MARC field of Hansung University library and to analyze limitation of MARC data for RDA. Based on this limitations, cataloging rules and tags and fields of KORMARC were suggested to accommodate RDA in national cataloging environment. This study reviewed cataloging rules such like representation, main entry and rule of three, preferred title, types of content, media and carrier. This study is to suggest the consideration of KCR and KORMARC for RDA in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 1980

In order to study the effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) components on acetic acid fermentation, ginseng extracts, sucrose, total can de saponins were added to the basal niedium respectively and surface culture was carried out at 30$^{\circ}C$. Lag ime, total acidity of the fermentation broth inhibitors and the degrees of inhibition were determined in tile course of fermentation . 1. Acetic acid fermentation was not inhibited by the addition of less than 1.93% of sucrose but the degree of inhibition was increased slightly by the addition of sucrose more than that. 2. Ginseng extract inhibited acetic acid fermentation slightly, and the degree of inhibition was similar to that of sucrose. Lag time was about 72 hours when a 20% of ginseng extract was added to the basal medium while that of the control was 22hours. 3. The free saponins inhibited acetic acid fermentation considerably, and the degree of inhibition of the saponins was about 400 folds of that of ginseng extracts. An increase of total acidity of the broth which contained 2.905% of the saponins was not observed even after one month. 4. It was presumed that some other components except saponins and sucrose in ginseng extracts counter the inbition effect of saponins on acetic acid fermentation

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to identify the economic impacts of hosting a marine leisure event and thus provide fundamental information that helps maximize the economic value of the event. In order to accomplish such purposes, this study employed both an economic impact analysis(EIA) using regional input output model and a benefit and cost ratio analysis(BCR). In specific, this study utilized a survey method with a total of 300 event visitors and 70 foreign players and thus collected expenditure data from 110 valid out of town visitors and 58 foreign players. In addition, investment expenditure data were collected from the host city official. Accordingly, EIA and BCR indicated following findings. First, the total direct impact from both visitors and players was 387 million Won and this direct impact resulted in output multiplier effect(OME) of 591 million Won, value added multiplier effect(VAME) of 306 million Won and income multiplier effect(IME) of 252 million Won. Second, the host city's investment expenditure created OME, VAME and IME of 825, 432 and 366 million Won, respectively. In conclusion, these findings suggest that in order to effectively boost potential economic benefits, more marketing efforts development policies should be implemented for increasing the number of out of town visitors and the amount of spendings from them.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 1996

Between June 1988 and June 1994, twenty five patients with locAlly advanced esophageal carcinoma received preoperative chemotherapy (Cisplatln, 5-Fluorouracil with or without Etoposide) and followed by resection. All patients had clinical evidence of airway involvement or distant Iymphnode involve- ment (M 1 Iymphnode) on bronchoscopy or computed tomographic scans. The major response rate to chemotherapy decided by the postoperative stage was 48% (12125). The resection rate was 92% (23/25) with overall complete resection rate of 72% (18125). Two patients had exploratory laparotomy (thorn- cotomy) only. Thirteen patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined abdominl and Rt. thoracic approach (Ivor Lewis operation), slx pAtients had transhiatal esophagectomy, four patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined Rt. thoracotonly & abdominal, cervical approach. There were three postoperative deaths (12%). Follow-up duration was between 3.3 months to 65 months. Median survival ime of resected patients except hospital death was 14.8 months. Actuarial survival at 12, 24 months was 72.9%, 26.2%. Signifi- cant better survival was associated with responder group (postoperative stage less than lIB) (P=0.029). These results demonstrate that 1) Preoperative Cisplatin based combined chemotherapy Produce high response rate, 2) High complete resection rate with acceptable mortality rate occur after preoperative chemotherapy, 3) Better surviL dl can be anticipated if complete resection performed after major re- sponse to preoperative chemotherapy.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 1991

In Korea, small-scale reclaimed areas have been suffering from many problems because of the lack of comprehensive developing strategy although considerable investments have been inputed by the public sector since 1970's. For 3 reclaimed sites in Chonnam Province choser as case study areas, the analysis, the second attempt of widely-spanned studies on areal conditions, concentrated on their farming and economic conditions. Its results were as follows ; 1. Although farming pattern has been transferred to the full4ime rice cropping type by the creation of reclaimed paddy field, farming size in the areas has not been increased more than that in existing agricultural areas. This means that agricultural planning should be included in the initial stage of reclamation projects, especially with reference to the substantial enlargement of farming size. 2. Block parcelling of severely fragmented holdings in new and old lands should be carried out, which can make farming activities efficient and farming route shortened. In large-scale reclaimed areas, new village planning could be considered in its central zone for efficent farming. 3. Because soil in the areas contains much more salt and water than that in other areas, new design methodology should be introduced for the efficient use of agricultural machines in reclaimed areas. 4. There are deep-seated economic problems in reclaimed area, which have been caused by very poor level and agriculturally dominated structure of household income. These problems should motivate farmers to give up positive action for qualitative and quantitative improvement in farming.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

In this paper, it is proposed that the design of the PID controller with the internal model control structure for improved performance. Internal model was identification that is second-order plus dead time structure using final-value theorem and genetic algorithm The parameters of Controller are determined to minimize IAE(Integral of the Absolute value of the Error) and ITAE(Integral of the Time multiplied by the Absolute value of the Error) of performance index by internal model and numerical method. Simulation examples are given to show the better performance of the proposed method than conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.429-434
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• 2007

프로세스의 우선순위는 임베디드 시스템에서 수행되는 여러 가지 작업들의 중요도 또는 작업마감 시간의 임박성에 따라 결정되기 때문에 프로세스의 입출력 작업 시에도 반영되어야 한다. 하지만 많은 임베디드 운영체제들은 기존의 범용 운영체제를 기반으로 설계되었기 때문에 입출력 작업 시 프로세스의 운선순위를 반영하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 새로운 통신 프로토콜 스택 구조를 제안하고 이를 임베디드 리눅스에 구현한다. 또한 본 논문은 이더넷이 산업용 기기 등의 연결에 활용될 수 있음에 주목하고 독립 이더넷 네트워크에 적합한 전송 프로토콜을 제안한다. 측정 결과 제안된 프로토콜 스택 RTDiP($\underline{R}eal-\underline{T}ime\;\underline{Di}rect\;\underline{P}rotocol$)은 UDP/IP와 비교하여 단방향 통신 지연시간을 최대 59% 감소시켰으며 통신처리율을 최대 155% 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다. 또한 낮은 우선순위를 갖는 배경 통신 프로세스에 의해서 UDP/IP는 532%가 단방향 통신 지연시간이 증가하나, RTDiP은 2% 미만의 증가만을 보임으로써 프로세스의 우선순위에 따라 패킷 처리가 이루어지고 이를 통해서 실시간 통신을 지원해줄 수 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 1992

Water cultrue method was used with the purpose of obtaining fundamental knowledge on the e effects of regrowth after cutting of 6 forage plants t to potassium(K) and magnesium(Mg) contents. Though there were some exceptions, the K contents of forage plants at both 10 ppm and 30O ppm $K_2O$ levels decreased with the progress of cutting time. The decrease of K content was more significant of gramineous plants than on leguminous plants. On the other hand, the Mg contents of forage plants increased with the progress of cutting tIme. The K/Mg ratio was the highest at 1st growing period with the higher K and lower Mg contents of the forages. The ratio of Italian ryegrass at 10 ppm $K_2O$ was the lowest, while at 300 ppm it was t the highest among the forages. From the facts, the K and Mg contents of forages at 1st cutting were higher and lower, resp pectively, than those observed in the other cutting times. Rapid rise of temperature could result in great difference on the ratio of K/Mg between lighter and heavier K applications.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.532-536
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• 2001

LD slag, that is, a by-product of steel making process, has been mainly used as land construction materials. Recently, the seashore application of LD slag was tried in Japan and Korea but the reaction between LD slag and seawater was not studied yet. We tried to clarify the leaching reaction and/or mechanism of LD slag and the reaction between seawater and LD slag. We tried to apply these results to the decarbonization of seawater for seawater magnesia process. The high pH solution(over 12) was injected into the sea water and the pH of mixed liquid was adjusted to 9.8. This mixed solution was aged for 8 hours and the 104ppm of CO$_3$$^{-2}$ in the sea water was decreased to 23ppm with the negligible loss of $Mg^2$$^{+}$. The slag particle was directly inserted into the seawater fur practical application. The 0.5~1mm particles were suitable for decarbonization when 5 grade slags mentioned above were reacted with sea water. In this case, the content of CO$_3$$^{-2}$ in the sea water was 53 ppm with the negligible loss of $Mg^2$$^{+}$ after 8 hours aging. The direct application of slag particle fur the decarbonization of seawater takes more reaction time.ime.