• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.510-516
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• 2011

For using Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) in the civil aviation, it should satisfies the Required Navigation Performances(RNPs) which are defined by International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO). RNP defines the required accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity of each flight procedure. In order to guarantee user's integrity, user's protection level has to be overestimated. On the other hand, for improving user's availability, user's protection level has to be estimated tightly. Therefore protection level should be estimated as tight as possible while it assuring the user's integrity. This paper describes the current integrity function of Korean WAD GNSS test bed, and predicts the availability performance of Korean WAD GNSS by simulation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.501-506
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• 2019

This paper presents a prescriptive alternative for establishing a FRMS suitable for us based on scientific data ahead of the introduction and implementation of the FRMS for air traffic controllers in order to meet the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) international standards. I would like to present. Therefore, we confirmed the operation of each air traffic control agency against the current domestic operating standards, and compared and reviewed the operation methods and standards of air traffic control agencies in each country. The controller in Korea defines 10 hours of working hours per day, 8 hours of minimum breaks, and 40 hours per week. Currently, in the case of air traffic control agencies, the daytime and the appropriate working hours are used in the daytime, but in the nighttime, the average time exceeds 5.9 hours. In the case of 40 hours a week, they work an average of 15.7 hours overtime. By adjusting the nighttime work time, this work can be solved by diversifying the form of the worker's input method according to the personal schedule rather than the two-day (day / night) method, as well as the appropriate nighttime time distribution by supplementing the personnel.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The current air-to-ground communication between aircraft pilots and ground controllers is done by voice communication and text-based data communication. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) suggested the digital data communication techniques to improve accuracy and effectiveness of the current air-to-ground communication. As one of them, VDL M2, a VHF band digital data communication link, is expected to substitute the voice communication and text-based ACARS data communication. In this paper, the software design and implementation of the VDL M2 system developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2006

Inter-Korean exchanges using civil aviation has been continuing since the temporary direct air route from Pyongyang to Seoul was opened on June 15th, 2000 for the summit meeting with North Korea. In this paper, I analyze the North Korea Aviation law by focusing on the differences with South Korean Aviation law. While South Korean Aviation law is modeled on the Pandect system, North Korean Aviation law can only be understood by looking at North Korea's socialist ideology. Therefore, North Korean Aviation law has some expressions which can hardly be understood. With respect to the source of aviation law, both South and North Korea are in compliance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Signed at Chicago, on 7 December, 1944). Thus, they established the aviation law based on the standards and recommendations provided by ICAO. For this reason, they have similar legal systems and composition. From this analysis, a few differences are also derived regarding aircraft ownership, airports, airline liability, aircraft accident investigation organization and aviation insurance. It is important to note that this paper has a particular limitation. Not only is the information about North Korean law very limited, but North Korea also does not provide easy access to its national legal codes. This paper describes the legal comparison of South and North Korea by focusing on the formation and framework of North Korean aviation law.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.365-374
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• 2019

Loss of Control in Flight(LOC-I) due to aircraft upset attitude has the highest air accident rate, and International Aviation Institute such as ICAO and FAA recommended flight crew to operate aircraft safely through UPRT(Upset Prevention & Recovery Training) program. ICAO has selected Loss of Control(LOC) as key safety indicator, and recommended to respond using TEM(Threat and Error Management). However there are not much specific treats and errors classified for UPRT programs using real TEM based on evidences. This study intends to consider the importance of UPRT through the introduction of UPRT and accident analysis using TEM. Typical upset accidents were classified to common threats as IFR, inadequate training, Automation surprise, and inexperienced copilots. The common errors were cross-check, speed and altitude deviation, callouts, communication, thrust and stall action fail. The undesired aircraft states were inadequate automation mode, Deviation of speed and vertical, stall, and crash. These suggest areas to improve UPRT.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 2008

This paper defines the Safety Management System(SMS) based on the rail safety act and surveys the status of the English rail SMS and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) SMS and OHSAS18001 SMS. Through the investigation of establishment and implementation status of domestic rail operators' SMS, the improvement directions of the current rail SMS are developed. First, to establish the continual improvement system for SMS, the guide which describe detailed continual improvement method for each steps of SMS including management review by CEO shall be established and implemented. Second, to settle the SMS based on the risk management, it is necessary to endeavor for converting the rail operators mind and to establish the supply system of operating model and basic data and to define the requirement precisely and to include in the related guide for the risk management.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2024

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) has been certified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) and commenced Safety-of-Life (SoL) service at the end of 2023. KASS complies with the APV-I signal-in-space performance requirements defined in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommendation Practices (SARPs). The performance of KASS is verified through two steps. In the first step, design conformity from the aspect of performance is verified by both review and analysis of design and simulation. In the second step, operational conformity is tested and assessed by operational testing using real data and a deployed system with operational SWs and configurations. This paper presents a methodology, a procedure and results for the KASS operational testing. Finally, performance degradation events and results by month and region during the operational testing are presented and analyzed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) adopted VOR(Very high frequency Omni-Range) as an international standard air navigation system in 1949 and recommended every country to make use of it in formulating air route and guiding take-off and landing of an aircraft. VOR is quite a useful navigation system so that more than 2,000 VORs have been installed all over the world including 39 in Korea: however, VOR signal could be easily affected by its circumstance like a mountainous area because it provides navigation information through AM and FM of VHF carrier. Therefore this study intends to investigate how much VOR performance is affected by its circumstances. For this purpose, the performance of the 10 VORs influenced by 24 obstacles are measured and analyzed by using an aircraft equipped with measuring instruments. This study may give us a feasible solution of problems related to the VOR siting in the future.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2021

Due to rapidly increasing air traffic congestion and airspace restrictions, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is urging all aircraft to use SBAS by 2025, in order to implement Performance-based navigation to increase airspace capacity. In line with this, research and development of Korean-style SBAS, which reflects the characteristics of Korea's airspace environment, continues in Korea. Since there is no flight inspection procedure for performance testing and verification of SBAS in Korea yet, this paper analyzes FAA, ICAO Regulations, and laws enacted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to derive essential evaluations and parameters of Korean SBAS, and presents the optimal design using RTK-DGPS as a position fixing system.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-109
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• 2008

According to 1944 Chicago Convention aircraft are classified into public aircraft(or state aircraft) and private aircraft(or civil aircraft). However even if public aircraft owned by government are used as commercial flights, those are classified into private aircraft. But as far as space activities are concerned in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, those are related to all activities and all space objects, thus there being no differentiation between the public spacecraft and private spacecraft. As for the institutions of air law there are ICAO, IATA, ECAC, AFCAC, ACAC, LACAC in the world. However in the field of space law there is no International Civil Space Organization like ICAO. There is only COPUOS in the United Nations. The particular institutions such as INTELSAT, INMARSAT, ITU, WIPO, ESA, ARABSAT would be helpful to space law field. In the near future there is a need to establish International Civil Space Organization to cover problems rising from all space activities. According to article 1 of the 1944 Chicago Convention the contracting States recognize that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory. It means that absolute airspace sovereignty is recognized by not only the treaty law and but also customary law which regulates non-contracting States to the treaty. However as for the space law in the article n of the 1967 Space Treaty outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. It creates res extra commercium like the legal status of high seas in the law of the sea. However the 1979 Moon Agreement proclaimed Common Heritage of Mankind as far as the legal status of the outer space is concerned which is like the legal status of deep sea-bed in the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea. As far as the liabilities of air transport system are concerned there are two kinds. One is the liabilities to passenger on board aircraft and the other is the liabilities to the third person or thing on the ground by the aircraft. The former is regulated by the Warsaw System, the latter by the Rome Convention. As for the liabilities of space law the 1972 Liability Convention applies. The Rome Convention and 1972 Liability Convention stipulate absolute liability. In the field of space transportation there would be new liability system to regulate the space passengers on board spacecraft like Warsaw System in the air transportation.