• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucan purified from oats (OG) and bitter melon, Momordica charantia Linn (MC), water extracts have shown favorable effects on diabetes and its complications. We investigated to find out the optimal composition showing hypoglycemic and antidiabetic complication effects in variable compositions (OG:MC = 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1). Extracts were administered orally once a day for 28 days following 7 days post streptozotocin (STZ) dosing. Five rats per group (total 15 groups; Intact, STZ, OG, MC, and the variable composition groups) were selected according to the blood glucose and body weight at 6 days after STZ dosing. After 28 days of extracts dosing, the changes on the body weight, liver and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total-cholesterol levels were observed. As the result of STZ-induced diabetes, decreases of body weight, increases of the liver and kidney weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, and total-cholesterol levels in STZ control were detected compared with intact control. However, these changes of hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, and hyperlipemia were dramatically decreased in the OG and MC single-dosing group, and all composition groups. In addition, there were more favorable effects in all composition groups compared with the OG and MC single-dosing groups. Among variable compositions, the OG:MC 1:2 mixed group showed the most synergic effects in this study.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.683-690
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• 2011

The object of this study was to observe the effects of Hwanggeum-tang (HGT) aqueous extracts on Streptozotocin-induced rat's diabetes and related complications. Three different dosages of HGT extracts were orally administered oncea day for 28 days from 3 weeks after Streptozotocin treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). All the rats were checked at 3 weeks after Streptozotocin treatment as follows. Changes on the body weight, blood glucose level, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine level, liver weight, serum AST and ALT level, serum LDL, HDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level were observed with changes on the pancreatic MDA content and GSH content. The results were compared with a potent antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg in which the effects on Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications were already confirmed. As results of Streptozotocin-injected diabetes and related complications, dramatical decreases on the body weight, increase of the kidney and liver weight, increase of serum BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol level and decreases of serum HDL level were detected in streptozotocin control as compared with intact control. In addition, marked increases of pancreatic MDA content and decreases of GSH content were also detected in streptozotocin control as compared with intact control. However, these diabetes and related complications, and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by Streptozotocin were inhibited by 28 days continuous treatment of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of HGT extracts in the present study. HGT have favorable effects on the diabetes and various diabetic complications. Therefore, more detail mechanism studies should be conducedin future with the efficacy tests of individual herbal composition of HGT and the screening of the biological active compounds in herbs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study was carried out to provide basic information necessary for the prevention and efficient treatment of stroke through a comparison between thr patients of the first attack and those of recurrence. Methods : The observation f3r the current study was made on 210 cases of stroke that were confirmed through brain CT-scan. The patients were hospitalized at one of two oriental medical hospitals in Seoul during 2006. Result : The main results were as follows. First, the male-to-female ratio of stroke patients were 1:1.26, with more primary stroke far females and more recurrent stroke for males. Second, in the age distribution, seventies was the top, and sixties, fifties, and forties were next in the order of frequency. A large city was the most frequent residential site and unemployment was the most frequent occupation to have stroke. The incidence of stroke became higher as patients had a taste for spicy and salty food. Third, the most common preceding disease was hypertension. In the relationship of diastolic blood pressure with recurrence, there was significance in the test of independence. Fourth, the most important precipitating conditions at the onset of stroke were rest and steeping. The most common precedent symptoms were verbal disturbance, numbness, and dizziness. In the stroke patients with hemiparesis, male and female patients usually showed It. hemiparesis. Fifth, as a result of brain CT-scan, cerebral hemorrhage was inclined to reduce but cerebral infarction was inclined to increase due to senility and change of lifestyle. Finally, total cholesterol findings disclosed that 22.4% were hypercholesteremia, 18.6 % were hyperlipemia in triglyceride findings, and 19.0% were glycosemia in glucose findings. Conclusions : The above results suggested avoidance of meat and salty fDod and positive control of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in order to prevent stroke.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

Objectives : Crataegi Fructus has been used as traditional medicines for more digestion action, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, and hyperlipemia. The aim of this study was to compare of Crataegi Fructus in South Korea collected during three years according to the standards in monographs of the Korean Pharmacopoeia Eleventh edition (KP 11). Methods : Crataegi Fructus was carried out identification test (Qualitative reaction, Thin layer chromatography), heavy metal test, and total ash registered at KP. Add to we tested loss on dry, contents of ethanol-soluble extracts, and HPLC profiling. Results : Identification test (TLC) was on comparing with ursolic acid standard solution in $R_f$ value, all samples showed red purple spot ($R_f$ value 0.9). Ursolic acid spot in $R_f$ value 0.35 showed by changing mobile phase condition. Heavy metals showed contents for Pb, Cd, As, and Hg range of 0.0 ~ 0.5 ppm, 0.0 ~ 0.2 ppm, 0.0 ~ 0.3 ppm, and 0.0 ~ 0.1 ppm. Loss on drying was ranged from 5.5 to 11.9 %, total ash was between the range 2.7 ~ 4.0 %. Contents of ethanol-soluble extracts was ranged from 17.8 to 44.9 %. The content of chlorogenic acid was ranged from 0.0 to 0.1 % based on the chlorogenic acid standard curve. Conclusion : We have verified the current specification standard of Crataegi Fructus and standard that is not set. We hope that it will help the standardization of Crataegi Fructus.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

This study was performed to process Tofu as an hypolipidemic food using black ginseng. Before processing we performed the ameliorating effect of black ginseng on the serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in diabetic mice (db/db mice). As a result, the diabetic mice, whose diet was supplemented with black ginseng has a reduced level of serum lipid total cholesterol ($124.58{\pm}10.59mg/dL$) compared to non-supplemented diabetic mice, The supplemented mice exhibited a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum lipid triglycerides ($80.32{\pm}35.40mg/dL$), which provided the efficacy of black ginseng in reducing hyperlipemia, thus indirectly proving the prevention and treatment of obesity. Then we processed Tofu as a hypolipidemic food using 0~8% black ginseng extract. We evaluated the quality characteristic after producing black ginseng Tofu. For color value, as the addition level of color increases, the value of L (lightness) decreased and a (redness), b (yellowness) increased. With increase in black ginseng concentrate additional level increases, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values increased (p<0.05), but the springiness and cohesiveness showed no significant differences. In case of sensory evaluation, Tofu with the addition of 2% black ginseng concentrate (BGT2) showed the highest preference overall. To sum up, black ginseng demonstrated pharmacological effects in treating diabetic complications like hyperlipidemia and reducing body deposit fat.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.513-532
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of the Soyangin Yangkyuksanwhatang, Indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang that are the model prescriptions for diabetic soyangin. The contents of serum glucose, insulin, total triglyceride and urine glucose, ketone-body and urine volumn and body-weights were mesured on the Alloxan-Induced diabetic Rats. The following results have been measured. 1. Yangkyuksanwhatang, Indonduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang showed significant decreases on the serum glucose and particulruy Sookjiwhanggosamtang decreased significantly. 2. The contents of serum insulin on the Alloxan-Induced diabetic Rats comparing with normal group were increased in Yangkyuksanwhatang and Indongduengjigolpitang with no significance but Sookjiwhanggosamtang showed a significant increase on the serum insulin. 3. The contents of serum triglyceride were decreased in three groups, but Indongduengjigolpitang showed the significant decrease and others did not. 4. The contents of serum total cholesterol were signicantly decreased In indongduengjigolpitang but Yangkyuksanwhatang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang did not. 5. The contents of urine glucose simillary decreased in three groups. 6. The contents of urine ketone-body were not changed comparing with control group in Yangkyuksanwhatang and Indongduengjigolpitang groups, but Sookjiwhanggosamtang group showed some increase. 7. The urine volume were significantly decreased in Yangkyuksanwhatang, but Indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang showed the decrease of urine volume with no significance. 8. Body weights were regained comparing with control group, but only Indongduengjigolpitang showed significant increase. According to the above results, Yangkyuksanwhatang, Indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang had the effect for hyperglycemia, particulary Indongduengjigolpitang was assumed as having the effect for hyperlipemia and weight-loss induced by D. M.. Therefore, by this experiments it can be concluded that Yangkyuksanwhatang, indongduengjigolpitang and Sookjiwhanggosamtang recorded in "DongYi Soose Bowon" have the effect for soyangin diabetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between hematologic hyperlipemia index and severity of fatty liver abdominal ultrasonography. A total of 412 adults from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 who underwent abdominal ultrasonography and hematologic data within 3 months of the ultrasound examination, were the target of the investigation. As a result of the study, the hematological values according to the degree of fatty liver were statistically significant in triglyceride, AST and ALT (p<.05), fatty liver was associated with gender, triglyceride, AST and ALT (p<.05). In conclusion, the degree of fatty liver was not directly related to the hematologic value of hyperlipidemia, but we confirmed the necessity of co-management with fatty liver and hyperlipidemia by confirming its relevance.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Objectives : Kyeongok-go has the effect of antioxidant, anti-cancer, improving fatigue, and hyperlipidemia, but it is not easy to use in clinical practice becausee of the complicated manufacturing process of heat control and moisture control. The aim of this study was to explore the lipid improvement effect of new manufacturing methods prodeced Kyeongok-go in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : The SD rats were divided randomly into 8 groups of six animals each : Normal rats (Nor), hyperlipidemia rats (Con), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Spirulina 60 mg/kg(SP60), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Commercial Kyeongok-go 1 g/kg (K0), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Kyeongok-go manufactured by heating mantle 1 g/kg (K1), hyperlipidemia rats treated with ginseng fermentation Kyeongok-go 1 g/kg (KF), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Kyeongok-go with black ginseng 1 g/kg (BK), hyperlipidemia rats treated with black ginseng fermentation Kyeongok-go 1 g/kg (BKF). The experimental group induced hyperlipidemia by eating high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Also, we compared Kyeongok-go manufacturing method using the new method compared with traditional method. Results : As a result, the improvement effect of hyperlipemia using the new method showed the similar or better improvement effect compared with the conventional method, and it is considered that the Kyeongok-go manufacturing method using the new method can be substituted for the traditional Kyeongok-go manufacturing method. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that new manufacturing methods prodeced Kyeongok-go has the potential as a anti-hyperlipidemia material which possess lipid improvement activities.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extracts from Saengkankeonbi-tang on prevention of hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rats the control and Saengkankeonbi-tang groups with 25% alcohol for 55 days. For the same period we fed the Saengkankeonbi-tang group with Saengkankeonbi-tang extract as well and rats in normal and contrlo group on saline solution. We measured the serum components in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : 1. At first, we observed effects of Saengkankeonbi-tang on prevention of hyperlipemia induced by alcohol. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant decrease in total cholesterol levels in comparison with those of the control group. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels in comparison with those of the control group. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant increase of body weight in comparison with those of the control group in 4weeks and 8weeks. 2. At second, we observed effects of Saengkankeonbi-tang on prevention of liver damage induced by alcohol. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant decrease in GOT, GPT, LDH and ALP levels in comparison with those of the control group. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant increase of liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Saengkankeonbi-tang have pharmaceutical efficacy on prevention of hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2009

Esterase EM2L8 gene isolated from deep sea sediment was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the esterase activity of the cell-free extract was assayed using p-nitrophenyl butyrate-spectrophotometric method. Its optimum temperature was $40-45^{\circ}C$ and 45% activity of the maximum activity was retained at $15^{\circ}C$. The activation energy at $15-45^{\circ}C$ was calculated to be 4.9 kcal/mol showing that esterase EM2L8 was a typical cold-adapted enzyme. Enzyme activity was maintained for 6 h and 4 weeks at $30^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. When each ethanol, methanol, and acetone was added to the reaction mixture to 15% concentration, enzyme activity was maintained. In the case of DMSO, enzyme activity was kept up to 40% concentration. (S)-4-Chloro-3-hydroxy butyric acid is a chiral intermediate for the synthesis of Atorvastatin, a hyperlipemia drug. When esterase EM2L8 (40 U) was added to buffer solution (1.2 mL, pH 9.0) containing ethyl-(R,S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate (38 mM), it was hydrolyzed into 4-chloro-3-hydroxy butyric acid with a rate of $6.8\;{\mu}mole/h$. The enzyme hydrolyzed (S)-substrate more rapidly than (R)-substrate. When conversion yield was 80%, e.e.s value was 40%. When DMSO was added, hydrolysis rate increased to $10.4\;{\mu}mole/h$. The plots of conversion yield vs e.e.s in the presence or absence of DMSO were almost same, implying that the reaction enantioselectivity was not changed by the addition of DMSO. Taken together, esterase EM2L8 had high activity and stability at low temperatures as well as in various organic solvents/aqueous solutions. These properties suggested that it could be used as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of useful pharmaceuticals.