• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.28-37
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• 2003

Objective & Methods: In order to ascertain the names. locations. the way of getting acu-point and indications for moxibustion about Ko-Hwang(膏盲) and Go-Hwang-Su(膏盲兪). I have translated the text for Ko-Hwang(膏盲) and Go-Hwang-Su(膏盲兪) collected in several relative classical books. and performed literal investigation about it. Through the study, the following results are obtained. Results & Conclusions: 1. The two words Go(膏) and Hwang(盲) have different concepts each other originally. and Go-Hwang(膏盲) is the abbreviation of the words "Upon the Hwang(盲), Under the Go(膏)", which means "A gap of Heart and diaphragm" that is under the heart and on the diaphragm 2. Go-Hwang-Su(膏盲兪) is the acu-point which can treat the diseases located in the gap of Go(膏) and Hwang(盲), so they must not be named as Go-Hwang(膏盲) or Go-Hwang-Hyui(膏盲穴). 3. The origination of Go-Hwang-Su(膏盲兪) is speculated as the interval of Hwang-Bo-Mil(皇甫謐) and Son-Sa-Mak(孫思邈). And I think it had been created by Son-Sa-Mak(孫思邈) up to now. 4. The words "Four ribs and Three spaces(四肋三間)" those are founded in the text of The Entrance of Medicine(醫學入門) and The Great Success on Acupuncture and Moxibustion(針灸大成) are either the words those had been quoted from The Bible of Helping Life by Acupucture and Moxibustion(針灸資生經) in wrong way. or the misunderstanding of the original mind of Son-Sa-Mak(孫思邈) as being quoted in the text. So you should know it exactly as Son-Sa-Mak(孫思邈) had said. 5. When you search the acu-point Go-Hwang-Su(膏盲兪), you must pull the arms of patients forwardly to reveal the acu -point. because it is covered by the scapula in normal posture. 6. The indications for the use of Go-Hwang-Su(膏盲兪) are same as mentioned in this study. And it can grow the Yang-Gi(陽氣) more prosperous.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

The physical, mechanical, water purification and temperature properties of fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete have been evaluated in this study. The effect of the depending on replacement ratio of blast furnace slag to cement was investigated such that the replacement ratio is varied to 0 % and 30 %. Also, the replacement ratios of hwang-toh were 0, 20 and 30 %. The polyvinyl alcohol fiber was used for the reinforcing fiber. A series of pH test, unit weight, void ratio, compressive strength, after purification and variation of temperature test have been performed to evaluate the performance, water purification effect and temperature properties of the fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete. The test results indicate that the physical and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete is affected by the replacement ratio of the blast furnace slag and hwang-toh contents. Results of purifying water showed that the water purification effect of porous hwang-toh green roof concrete is about 40 %. Also, the temperature properties test results indicate the green roof blocks using fiber reinforced porous hwang-toh green roof concrete have insulation and temperature reduction effect.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2000

WooHwangChungSimWon is a traditional prescription for treating with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coma, and stroke in China, Korea, and Japan. In the new presciption of WooHwangChungSimWon, the covet is substituted for the musk, the major component of WooHwangChungSimwon, because of the prohibition law about the musk. We have made a comparative study of the effects on the ischemic damage between the musk containing and civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon. In order to investigate the effects of WooHwangChungSimWon on the ischemic damage, each samples were administrated for 12 days, ischemia was induced for 10 minutes at 7th day, and immunohistochemistry was performed in the region of hippocampus of mongolian gerbils. According to the result of immunohistochemistry, the survival rates of neuroal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region are 37.8% in the high dose of musk containing WooHwangChungSimWon (HM-WHCSW) administrated group, 27.8% in low dose of civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon (LC-WHCSW), and 35.5% in high dose of civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon (HC-WHCSW) administrated group. These survial rates were significantly different from the survival rate of sham control group (14.4%). The results suggest that all the samples except the low dose of musk containing WooHwangChungSimWon (LM-WHCSW) have protective or preventive effects on cerebral ischemia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.83-86
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• 2005

The object of this experimental study is to understand the bond performance and the shear behavior of concrete mixed with hwang-toh and blast-furnace slag. Main variables were the compressive strength according to replacement level of hwang-toh and blast-furnace slag. The results revealed that up to 20$\%$ of Hwang-toh the bond and the shear strength were improved.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.47-61
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• 2021

Objectives : 'Steaming and drying' is a traditional processing method that has been used to produce Suk-ji-hwang (熟地黃; Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) from Ji-hwang (地黃, the fresh root of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel; Rehmanniae Radix). The steaming and drying process, which is proceeded in heating and moisturizing conditions, plays a crucial role in the change of therapeutic effect of Ji-hwang, presumably due to the modification of its chemical constituents. In this article, the chemical influence of the 'Steaming and drying' process was investigated for understanding the underlying mechanism of chemical modification of Ji-hwang. Methods : The articles regarding the modifications of chemical constituents of Ji-hwang during the 'Steaming and drying' process were collected and analyzed to investigate the influence of the processing to Ji-hwang. Results : The results indicated that iridoid glycosides were degraded to their aglycones and sugars, and such degradations occurred faster at a high pressure than at an atmospheric pressure during the process. The contents of catalpol, ajugol, and acteoside were decreased, while those of rehmannioside A and D were slightly increased during the repeated processing. The contents of oligosaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose (except for manninotriose), were decreased, while those of monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, were increased by the repeated processing. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the 'Steaming and drying' process influenced the chemical constituents of Ji-hwang and provide probable basis for the therapeutic modification of Suk-ji-hwang after the processing of Ji-hwang.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

This study aims to evaluate a porous concrete using hwang-toh, blast furnace slag and blast furnace slag (BFS) cement instead of type I cement. The tests that were carried out to analysis the properties of porous hwang-toh BFS cement concrete included compressive strength, continuous void ratio, absorption rate, and pH value, repeated freezing and thawing test were conducted. Test results indicated that the performance in porous hwang-toh concrete are effective on the kaoline based binder materials. The pH value were shown in about 9.5 ~ 8.5. The compressive strength was increased and void ratio was decreased with increasing the kaoline based binder materials, respectively. The void ratio and compressive strength were in the range of about 21 ~ 30 %, 8 ~ 13 MPa, respectively. The increased in void ratio of more than 25 % is showed to reduce the resistance of repeated freezing and thawing. Also, the resistance of repeated freezing of thawing and the compressive strength of porous hwang-toh BFS cement concrete are independent with hwang-toh content and BFS cement amount. But, the void ratio was decreased with increasing the high volume hwang-toh contents (more than 15 %).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.11-40
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this article is to make a clarification that Hwang Doyeon(黃度淵) was a official doctor(醫官) who even served as royal doctor(御醫), rather than merely a general doctor who worked in the private sector. The article also attempts to give a new perspective on the medical history about the late period of Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty. Methods : In researching Hwang Doyeon's master work, the Gains and Losses of Medical Orthodoxy(醫宗損益), the article looks at his clinical medicines. Analyzing the historical records, the article makes an assumption that Hwang Doyeon and Hwang Dosoon(黃道淳), who was selected as an officer to discuss medicine with other medical officers(議藥同參), are the identical person. On this assumption, the article tries to reinterpret the medicine during the later Joseon Dynasty period. Result & Conclusion : The records, including the royal medical treatment records of the Gains and Losses of Medical Orthodoxy, the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat(承政院日記), the genealogy of Changwon Hwangs(昌原黃氏世譜), academic paper and government documents released posthumously, demonstrated that Hwang Doyeon and Hwang Dosoon are the same person. If so, we can have new historical interpretation about medical history of late Joseon Dynasty. First, during the late of Joseon Dynasty, there was an official and active medical knowledge interaction between government and private sector. Second, the Joseon's medicine has been established its own medical system based on the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(東醫寶鑑), trying to cope with cholera and other contemporary epidemics without relying on Chinese warm disease(溫病) medicine. Third, the Compilation of Formulas and Medicinals(方藥合編), is regarded not only as a must-read medical reading for medical doctors, also playing an important role on popularization of Korean medical knowledge.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.42
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• pp.9-37
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• 2014

This article is to review academic aspects of Iljae Lee Hang through Toegye Lee Hwang's comments. Iljae Lee Hang (一齋 李恒: 1499~1576) is a representative Neo-Confucian scholar in Honam area in 16th century. His Sung Confucianism was known to Toegye Lee Hwang by Gobong Gi Dae Seung and consequentially received attention from academic world. Lee Hang's Sung Confucianism, however, has hardly drawn attention since 17th century due to Lee Hwang's negative assessment. Impeaching Lee Hang's academic attitude and methods, Lee Hwang evaluated him as having many problems. Lee Hwang criticized that Lee Hang studied Neo-Confucianism with no great effort and he was so much confident to say 'Logic of the world does not deviate from this' based on Chengzi and Zhuzi's saying which was only appealing to his ideas. Lee Hang actually cited theories of Chengzi and Zhuzi and stressed self-complacency when necessary, which therefore made him fail to exhibit consistency. Iljae partly brought Lee Hwang's criticism upon himself. Lee Hwang's negative assessment is not to be literally accepted but his assessment is helpful indeed to critically examine Lee Hang's Neo-Confucianism.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

, which is part of The Oriental Library collection in Japan, is a record that Hwang Dosoon (黃道淳) visited China in 1894. In this paper, several facts have proved that the author of the is Hwang Dosoon. First, the records in the and coincide with each other. Second, I found Hwang Dosoon on the list of the written by Shim Donyoung and confirmed that one of the characters in his name was mis-spelled. Third, I confirmed that the date and place of the reports in coincided with the . Fourth, the name on the ownership stamp in the has been identified as Hwang Dosoon. The consists of five parts. They are preface, diary, appendix, list, and itinerary. The records are from August 7, 1849 to October 16, but briefly mentions the contents of the itinerary from July 17 to December 1. This book is a book written by Hwang Dosoon himself kept in his own collection, and is highly valuable because it is the only relic of Hwang Dosoon.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.437-470
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• 2008

Woo-Suk Hwang Jong-Ha(友石, 黃宗河 1887-1952), Woo-Chung Hwang Sung-Ha (又淸, 黃成河, 1891-1965), Gook-In Hwang Kyung-Ha (菊人, 黃敬河, 1895-?) and Mi-San Hwang Yong-Ha(美山 黃庸河, 1899-?) were not only renowned writers and painters but also brothers spaced four years apart The Hwang brothers were not specially trained by educational institutions, but studied on their own, relying on picture books from China and the artpieces of masters. Even though brothers each born only four years from the next, they preferred different techniques, and the subjects they were proficient at drawing were all different to some extent: Tiger Painting by Hwang Jong-Ha, Finger Painting by Hwang Sung-Ha, Ginseng Painting by Hwang Kyung-Ha and Painting of Four Gracious Plants (plum, orchid, chrysanthemum, bamboo) by Hwang Yong-Ha are an example of this. They also showed differences in their manner of holding various exhibitions. They did, however, forge strong familial ties by holding the Exhibition by Four Brothers or by producing joint paintings. In particular, they established an art school called the Song-Do Society for the Research of Writings and Paintings in Gaesung, North Korea as a means to nurture young artists and to offer opportunities to introduce their own artwork. They were both friends and artists, as they spent their childhood together and share their thoughts and hobbies as well as their own individual and unique works of art. Moreover, they went the through ups and downs of Korean history from the end of the Joseon Dynasty through the Japanese occupation however, they strove to keep the tradition of Korean paintings alive, and even persevered in writing and drawing countless artwork with paper, brush and Chinese ink until the day they each died.