• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.531-535
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• 1999

Automatic human face detection in a complex background is one of the difficult problems. In this paper, we propose an effective and robust automatic face detection approach that can locate the face region in natural scene images when the system is used as a pre-processor of a face recognition system . We use two natural and powerful visual cues, the skin color and the eyes. In the first step of the proposed system, the method based on the human skin color space by selecting flesh tone regions using normalized r-g space in color images. In the next step, we extract eye features by calculating moments and using geometrical face model. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach can efficiently detect human faces and satisfactory deal with the problems caused by bad lighting condition, skew face orientation.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.63-90
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• 2002

멜라닌의 정량은 인체에서 화장품의 미백효과를 평가하기 위한 가장 좋은 방법이지만 인체의 멜라닌 측정을 위한 높은 정확성을 가진 non-invasive방법은 아직 확립되지 않은 실정이다. 피부에서 화장품의 미백효과는 피부색의 밝기로 나타낼 수 있으므로 화장품의 미백효력 평가를 위한 재현성있는 방법으로는 피부색측정을 하는 것이 합리적이다 이에 colorimeter, mexameter와 전문가의 육안평가같은 여러 기기나 분석법이 사용되었다. 이 강연에서는 미백효과에 대한 평가를 위한 다양한 평가방법에 대해 자세히 보고하고 각 방법에 대하여 토의하게 될 것이다 그리고 간단히 임상시험에 대한 결과를 보고하고 마지막으로 melanocyte를 정량하는 새로운 non-invasive방법에 대한 model을 제시하려고 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2121-2132
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• 2018

Abnormal melanin synthesis results in several hyperpigmentary disorders such as freckles, melanoderma, age spots, and other related conditions. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic effects of an extract from the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CE) and potential mechanisms responsible for its inhibitory effect in B16F10, normal human epidermal melanocyte cells, and human skin-equivalent models. The CE extract showed significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating, hormone-induced melanin synthesis in cells. Additionally, the CE extract exhibited suppressive effects on the mRNA and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. The CE extract also inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase A and extracellular signal-related kinase, which function as upstream regulators of melanogenesis. Using a three-dimensional, reconstructed pigmented epidermis model, the CE-mediated, anti-pigmentation effects were confirmed by Fontana-Masson staining and melanin content assays. Taken together, CE extract can be used as an anti-pigmentation agent.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2003

A vertical skin model with two detachable environmental chambers was developed to simulate a Human-Clothing-Environment system and to evaluate heat and moisture transport properties of textile materials under severe conditions and during transient states. The construction of the system was described and data reproducibility and accuracy of the instrument were verified by using PEG treated nonwovens. Also advantages over a traditional static type experiment were demonstrated based on a series of experiments.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to predict skincare behavior from the perspective of theories about planned behaviors and a systematic structure for identifying influences on human behavior; Consequently, this study attempted to undertake a concrete analysis of influences on skin care behavior. The results showed that: an attempt was made to analyze structural equation modeling as to whether or not to apply Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to skin care behavior. This study found the possibility that the theory of planned behavior might be applicabled to the research model composed of skin care attitude, the norms of skin care, behavioral control on skin care, behavioral intentions of skin care, and skin care behavior at the appropriate level in their entirety. This study found that external control factors of skin care behavior had the highest effect on skin care behavior among other factors.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2018

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) has been used in combination with methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT) for cosmetic products such as shampoo, body lotion, and skin care products. The mixture of CMIT/MIT has been found to cause allergic contact dermatitis and is thus no longer permitted for use as a preservative in leave-on cosmetics. However, MIT itself was approved as a stand-alone preservative at a maximum concentration of 100 ppm as the toxicity was derived from CMIT rather than MIT. However, in many countries, allergic skin irritation caused by MIT remains a social concern. In this study, skin irritation was assessed for the presence of MIT, propylene glycol, and their mixture using a 3D human skin model $EpiDerm^{TM}$. Although non-diluted MIT causes serious skin toxicity, skin irritation was not observed at a concentration of 100 ppm, the maximum permissible level for cosmetics and personal care products according to European regulations. Propylene glycol, the most widely used vehicle for MIT, did not cause skin irritation in the 3D skin model. The results are expected to provide information for regulatory policies and guidelines on the use of biocides in consumer products.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1132-1137
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 사람의 신체 일부분을 추적하는 시스템을 위해서 피부영역을 추출하고 여러 개의 영역을 추적하는 다중 CAMShift 알고리즘(Multi Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift Algorithm)을 제안하였다. 입력 영상에서 피부영역을 추출하기 위해 영상의 RGB의 특정값을 기준으로 피부색에 적응적인 임계값을 적용하였다. 이때 적용된 피부영역을 양손, 얼굴 등에 초기 윈도우를 설정하였다. 이 영역들을 추적함에 있어 영역들 사이에 폐색 영역을 회피하기 위해 가우시안 배경 모델(Gaussian Background Model)을 사용하여 각 추적 영역들을 제한하였다. 또한 폐색영역에 가중치를 부가하여 확률분포영상에서 중심값을 이동시켜 폐색 영역을 회피하였다. 실험 결과 다중 물체들에 강인한 추적을 보이고 유사한 색상을 갖는 물체의 폐색 시에도 우수한 결과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 미백 기능성 화장품 및 원료의 효능을 평가하는 동물대체시험법을 개발하기 위하여 세포수준과 색소화피부모델(KeraSkin-M^TM)에서 기존에 잘 알려진 4종의 미백기능성원료(arbutin, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide)의 효능을 평가하였다. 특히 기존 시험법의 보완을 위해 인체피부유래 케라틴세포와 멜라닌세포를 혼합하고 공배양하여 색소화피부모델을 제작하였다. 그 결과 색소화피부모델을 이용하여 미백효능을 평가함으로써 세포수준에서는 확인이 어려웠던 각 피부세포층에 따른 멜라닌 과립과 멜라닌캡(melanin cap)의 분포 등의 지표들을 추가로 확인할 수 있었으며 이미지분석을 통한 정량화로 음성대조군 대비 통계적 유의성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 KeraSkin-M^TM을 이용한 미백효능평가법이 기존에 사용하던 총멜라닌함량와 타이로시나아제 저해 평가를 보완할 수 있는 새로운 평가법으로 사용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

Airbag systems have improved the occupant safety in reducing the injuries of driver and passenger during collisions. They have occasionally caused fatalities; especially to small occupant and children. Recent airbag related fatalities of children have raised serious concerns on how to evaluate the safety of children in various crash environments. This paper present the development of the 3-year-old human model. Child human model is composed of skin, skeleton and joints. The positions of joint and mass properties of body segments are calculated from ARB(Ariticulated Rigid Body) program GEBOD. To verify the developed human model, ROM simulation and OOP simulations are conducted.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2005

The human knee joint is the intermediate joint of the lower limb that is the largest and most complex joint in the body. Understanding of joint-articulating surface motion is essential for the joint wear, stability, mobility, degeneration, determination of proper diagnosis and so on. However, many studies analyzed the passive motion of the lower limb because of the skin marker artefact and some studies described medial and lateral condyle of a femur as a simple sphere due to the complexity of geometry. Thus, in this paper, we constructed a three-dimensional geometric model of the human knee from the geometry of its anatomical structures using non-uniform B-spline surface fitting as a study for the kinematic analysis of more realistic human knee model. In addition, we developed and verified 6-DOF contact model of the human knee joint using $C^2$ continuous surface of the inferior region of a femur, considering the relative motion of shank to thigh during locomotion.