• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.65-75
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• 2016

Activities in the dwelling are inseparable from housing design. Spatial features often result from patterns of activities that take place within the dwelling. Activities are further elaborated to affect house plans, furniture, arrangement, and equipment. However, discrepancies still exist between housing design and behavior, where housing design often fails to accommodate activities and behavioral dimensions within the family and the dwelling. This paper addresses the relationship between dwelling activities and housing design by means of a qualitative study that aims to understand the needs of the Indonesian dwelling through activity analysis. To do so, the research adopts a methodology that involves collecting data from measurements of the house, house plan analysis, and photographs, in addition to in-depth semi-structured interviews with families. Taking Bandung as a case study, 9 houses and families were selected as respondents that share similar family life-cycles, number of family members, and building size. The findings from the study suggest that spacious and open plans are preferred by the family, while maintaining family privacy. Guest areas are used to host formal guests and to restrict visitor access in the house. Service areas such as kitchens and laundry areas are the core areas for household activities for cooking, laundry, and drying. To meet social activities such as community gathering, open plan design is necessary to allow flexibility of furniture reconfiguration to accommodate extra guests.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Recently, as people's interest in wood has increased, the use of wood as household and landscape decking materials has increased. As the deck material, imported wood such as synthetic wood, Ipe, and Malas was used in addition to the existing preserved wood, but recently deck use has been activated as part of the activation of domestic materials. As an important quality factor in the selection of such decking materials, various durability along with weatherability for long - term use is required for maintenance. Generally used tropical hardwoods have excellent weatherability and durability without additional preservative treatment. However, the domestic larch is a wood species with a higher specific gravity and durability than ordinary conifers. However, it has not yet been used as a deck material due to lack of comparative studies on its characteristics. Therefore, hardness and durability of wood were measured using six specimens of Ipe, Massaranduba, Malas, Douglas-fir, Larch and Torrefied-Larch. Density Profile was used to measure the density, and Brinell hardness test and resistance test against momentary impact were carried out for the test of resistance to static load. Also, The hardness and durability of wood were measured by castor test with resistance test against dynamic load, as well as, nail down test by experiment on surface hardness and durability. As a result of the experiment, the hardness was increased in proportion to the density, and it was confirmed that the imported lumber was harder and durable than the domestic larch.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

Nowadays, a 1-2 person household if increasing due to the aging population and the low birth rate. Thus, in August 2011, Seoul held the 'College Student's Idea Competition', which dealt with small but strong housing that has a very reasonable structure in spite of its small scale in order to improve the quality of small housing for a 1-2 person households. The study indicates the characteristic of this small housing in order to target competition entries from college students; 93- works have been processed. First, the properties of residents are investigated through the number of household members and the relations of the residents. To ensure various element techniques of the entries, the study analyzes data via a structured analysis. Along with structured element techniques according to each level, eight element techniques of the furniture level, housing unit level, main building, and district-level are derived. This study suggests various element techniques in response to the efficiency of area in households as well as housing unit levels. Plans of public spaces and community life housing are offered at the level of the main building and at the district-level. Through an analysis of competition, the critical point of small house planning in deliberation is not only about space and economic efficiency of physical unit, but the life of the residents.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

The present study was designed to examine the concentrations, emission rates, and source characteristics of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 30 newly-constructed apartment buildings by measuring indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations over a 2-year period. For comparison, seven villa-type houses were also surveyed for indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations over a 3-month period. Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected on Tenax-TA adsorbent and analyzed using a gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer system or a GC/flame ionization detector system coupled to a thermal desorption system. The long-term change in indoor VOC concentrations depended on the type of VOCs. Generally, aromatic (except for naphthalene), aliphatic, and terpene compounds exhibited a gradual deceasing trend over the 2-year follow-up period. However, the indoor concentrations of the six halogenated VOCs did not significantly vary with time changes. Similar to these halogenated VOCs, the indoor naphthalene concentrations did not vary significantly with time changes over the 2-year period. Unlike the halogenated VOCs, the indoor naphthalene concentrations were much higher than the outdoor concentrations. The indoor concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds were higher for the villa-type houses when compared to those of apartment buildings. In addition, four source groups (floor coverings and interior painting, household products, wood paneling and furniture, moth repellents) and three source groups (floor coverings and interior painting, household products, and moth repellents) were considered as potential VOC sources inside apartment buildings for the first- and second-year post-occupancy stages, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to examine the conjugal role structure in the purchasing decision process : problem precognition, information seeking and evaluating, final decision, and actually making the purchase, through a survey of the degree of conjugal involvement. The specific objectives were 1) to examine the conjugal role structure and differences at each phase of the decision process in purchasing of residence and twelve durable household consumer goods, 2) to determine the differences between conjugal role structure in each phase of the purchasing decision process and conjugal demographic factors(number of years married, conjugal education level, conjugal occupation, and income). Questionnaires were given to randomly selected husbands and wives in /seoul I October, 1980. data from the 275 responses were analyzed by percentage, mean, and F-test(analysis of variance). The results are as follows : 1) The conjugal role structure for the purchasing decision process of residence and twelve durable household consumer goods was analyzed by percent. It was found that role structure was specialized by the type of item. for instance, furniture and home appliances were purchased by wives; amusement goods and cars were purchased by husbands' and residence was purchased by joint. However, conjugal role structure in the purchasing decision process differed by phased of process : (1) Wives involvement in the phase of problem recognition was greater than their involvement in information seeking and evaluating, but husbands' involvement a in the phase of information seeking and evaluating was slightly greater than their involvement in problem recognition. (2) Husbands' involvement in the phase of making the final decision was far greater than their involvement I information seeking and evaluating. (3) Wives' involvement in the actually making of the purchase was far greater than their involvement in making the final decision. 2) Only one among conjugal demographic factors was significantly related to conjugal role structure. That, is, conjugal role structure in the purchasing decision process showed that the wives' involvement I making the final decision and in actually making the purchase increased with number of years married.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.933-940
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• 2018

The conversion of the internal combustion engine vehicle to the electric vehicle is suggested as a solution to the problem of global climate change and environmental pollution. Accordingly, this study was started to promote the use of electric vehicles. The purpose of this study is to identify the basic background knowledge and current status of electric vehicles in Korea and abroad, and expand from previous understanding on which factors affect ones choice on electric vehicles by considering individual characteristics and context in detail. In the analysis, a set of demand forecasting models were constructed by grouping the respondents based on the household characteristics as well as the vehicle ownership. At the time in need for better understanding of the feasibility of electric vehicles, it is expected that the research can assist the promotion of electric vehicles. In the follow-up study, I would like to continue the research on the activation of electric vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.81-90
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• 1999

This study investigated the present traditional Korean farmhouse based on a survey of 30 households from Oiam-Ri folk Village in Chung-Nam Province. This study was primarily concerned with the present housing; the size and plan of the house, lighting and heating, the finishing materials of anbang(the master's bedroom or ondol) and the kinds of fumiture. I was also interested in identifying the socio-demographic and physical variables that influenced the housing, both the ordinary farm households and the descendent of nobility households. Bibliographical studies, cultural approaches, field surveys with tape recordings, and questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results showed that the types of house plans were mixed from the southern region(one-line type) and middle region(courtyard type). The heating system and the fuel for the ondol anbang has changed entirely from wood burning system to oil boiler system. The finishing material of the anbang floor changed from traditional oil paper and straw mats to vinyl flooring. Traditional fumiture and small decor items are disappearing and are being replaced by modem items, but the descendents of the nobility household kept many traditional type of fumiture and small decor items.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.156-166
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• 2011

A studio type urban lifestyle housing was recently introduced as a new urban multi-housing typology. It was particularly created to meet the increasing housing demand of one-person households due to the population change and the shortage of housing supply. However, some concerns have been raised, because the government's policy has been focused on expanding housing supply by easing certain legal regulations in construction. Poorly planned and managed urban lifestyle housings might degrade living conditions for one-person households and ultimately harm urban environments. As such, this research is conducted to investigate the design characteristics of the studio type urban lifestyle housing from selected construction precedents in Seoul. Critical evaluations are made for the facilities and uses in site plans, unit plans, and shared public spaces. As a result, problem areas are found in the lack of design varieties, privacy protection in units, control of natural environment conditions, and the absence of community spaces. Improvement strategies can be suggested by comparing with some overseas' housing precedents: Design variations can be extended through flexible structure, facility, and furniture systems. Privacy and natural environment can be controled through the integration of interior space configurations and exterior envelope systems. The housing policy needs to be reconsidered to improve a variety in design, residents' social interaction, security, and management. Thereby, the studio type urban lifestyle housing should be holistically approached in terms of design and policy to enrich urban living experiences by residents and communities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.298-305
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to figure out the profiles of eco-friendly finishing materials and intoner products through content analysis on the advertisements of three domestic interior design magazines, which have been published for 4 years since 2002. The amount of advertisements has been continuously increasing due to the public concerns on well-being. Finishing material types absolutely took the greatest proportion (92.8%), while products such as furniture and household equipments were only 7.2% among the advertisements. Charcoal, natural jade, yellow soil and nano-silver were the frequently mentioned health-related components in the finishing material. Only 35.7% of the finishing materials hold certification on indoor air quality. Among the interior products, phytonchid in air cleaner was the only advertised component related to health. In conclusion, controlling pollutants of indoor air quality, such as HCHO, VOC, seems to be the big issue in both materials and products due to the concern of Sick Building Syndrome. However, more scientific and objective guidelines are necessary for consumers to live in healthy interior environment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 1982

We have investited on the efficiency of the electric vacuum cleaners for household use. On this experiment, we have used the Expired Gas Analyer IHO6(SAN-EI, K.K) to get energy expenditure of house cleaning. The testing items are, (1) The difference of energy expenditure of cleaning for the each types of the test floors: Which are P-tile, Tatami, and 4 kinds of carpets. (2) The energy expenditure of cleaning for the room with a given quantity of furnitures: The volumes of furnitures are 0, 3, 10, 20% of the room with 2 kinds of chair. The results of the experiments are as follows. 1. The energy expenditure of cleaning for the types of test floors: Setting the energy expenditure on the basis of P-tile, Tatami needs 20~24% energy expenditure than P-tile, and carpet needs 60~64% energy expenditure than P-tile. 2. Cleaning time: The more the room has many furnitures, the more it takes longer. The types of vacuum cleaners, the Shoulder-type cleaner needs 1.19 times of the Upright-type, and the Cylender-type needs 1.08 times of the Upright-type. 3. The energy expenditure of cleaning for a given quantity of furnitures: The more the rooms has many furnitures, the more the energy expenditure increase. A 10% (20%) increases in the volume of the furniture causes a 100% (200%) increases in the energy expenditure of vacuum cleaners.