• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1982

To determine the effects of mulching with the hulls of rice on the growth of the ginseng plant and changes of its growing environment-soil moisture content. subterranccan temperature and soil hardness- were investigated under different light intensity such as 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% light transmittance rate(LTR). The results obtained were as follows; 1. Soil moisture content under the shading was decreased as the increase of light intensity, whereas it was increased about 1.5% in each plot of LTR by the mulching. 2. Suberranccan temperature under the shading was increased as the increase of light intensity. It was decreased on a hot day by the mulching but increased on a cold day. 3. Soil hardness was decreased by the mulching. 4. Sprouting date of the ginseng plants was acclerated for 7 days and sprout periods were shortened for f days by mulching compared to the non-mulching treatment. 5. Missing plant rate was increased severely as the increase of light intensity more Than 20% LTR In the non-mulching plots but did not severe in the mulching plots. Missing plant rate was decreased remarkably by the mulching. The degree of decrease was larger as the increase 6f light intensity. 6. Root yield was increased in the mulching plots compared to the non$.$mulching plots. The degree of increase was larger as the increase of light intensity. The highest yield was obtained at 20% LTR with mulching.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.457-466
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• 2016

To achieve eco-friendly hospitals it is necessary to empirically verify the effect of meteorological factors on the power consumption of the hospital. Using daily meteorological big data from 2009 to 2013, we studied the weather conditions impact to power consumption and analyzed the patterns of power consumption of two hospitals. R analysis revealed that temperature among the meteorological factors had the greatest impact on the hospital power consumption, and was a significant factor regardless of hospital size. The pattern of hospital power consumption differed considerably depending on the hospital size. The larger hospital had a linear pattern of power consumption and the smaller hospital had a quadratic nonlinear pattern. A typical pattern of increasing power consumption during a hot summer and a cold winter was evident for both hospitals. The results of this study suggest that a hospital's functional specificity and meteorological factors should be considered to improve energy savings and eco-friendly building.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Aluminum alloys have been widely used in engine materials, cold & hot-water storage vessels and piping etc., Furthermore, the aluminum alloy of AC8A have been widely used in mold casting material of engine piston for various vehicles because of its properties of temperature, wear and corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is considered that evaluation of corrosion resistance as well as wear resistance of AC8A material is also important to improve its property and to prolong its lifetime. In previous paper, the effect of solution($510^{\circ}C$:4hrs) and tempering($190^{\circ}C$: 16, 24, and 36 hrs)heat treatments to corrosion resistance and hardness were investigated using electrochemical method. In this study, in order to examine completely the effect of the tempering hours to hardness variation and corrosion resistance, the results of solution($510^{\circ}C$:4hrs) and tempering($190^{\circ}C$: 2, 4, 8 and 12hrs)heat treatments to hardness and corrosion resistance were investigated using electrochemical method. The hardness decreased with solution heat treatment compared to mold casting condition, but its value increased with tempering heat treatment. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance increased with decreasing of the hardness, and decreased with increasing of the hardness reversely. And the tempering heat treatment temperature at $190^{\circ}C$ for 8 hrs exhibited the highest value of the hardness and also indicated the highest corrosion current density. However, the values of hardness and corrosion current density was again increasingly decreased with increasing of tempering hours than 8 hrs, Consequently, it is suggested that decision of the optimum. tempering hours is very important to improve the corrosion or wear resistance.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

Aluminum is on active metal, but it is well known that its oxide film plays a role as protective barrier which is comparatively stable in air and neutral aqueous solution. Thus, aluminum alloys have been widely applied in architectural trim, cold & hot-water storage vessels and piping etc., furthermore, the aluminum alloy of AC8A have been widely used in mold casting material of engine piston because of its properties of temperature and wear resistance. In recent years, the oil price is getting higher and higher, thus the using of low quality oil has been significantly increased in engines of ship and vehicle. Therefore it is considered that evaluation of corrosion resistance as well as wear resistance of AC8A material is also important to improve its property and prolong its lifetime. In this study, the effect of solution and tempering heat treatment to corrosion and wear resistance is investigated with electrochemical method and measurement of hardness. The hardness decreased with solution heat treatment compared to mold casting condition, but its value increased with tempering heat treatment and exhibited the highest value of hardness with tempering heat treatment temperature at $190^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs. Furthermore, corrosion resistance increased with decreasing of the hardness, and decreased with increasing of the hardness reversely. As a result, it is suggested that the optimum heat treatment to improve both corrosion and wear resistance is tempering heat treatment temperature at $190^{\circ}C$ for 16hrs.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

Korea and some other countries located in the northern hemisphere employ the air conditioner for the space cooling in the hot summer season and also some kinds of heaters for the space heating in the cold winter season. Especially in Korea, a great number of air conditioners of about 12,700,000 sets have been used these days. However, they are used for a short operation period of only 58 days a year, which results in the material and economic losses. To solve this problem and employ this system for the emergency shelter, a new conversion unit which could convert the existing air conditioner to a heat pump system for simultaneous heating and cooling was developed in this study, and the thermal performance was tested. The results indicated that the indoor air could be heated from $27^{\circ}C$ to $39^{\circ}C$ by the air conditioner converted to a heat pump system with the ambient temperature variation of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, and cooled from $20^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ by the converted system with the ambient temperature variation of $20^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. And also the heating COP increased from 3.3 to 5.3 in case of the heat exchange of the super cooling(HESC) circuit and from 3.0 to 4.0 in case of the By-pass with the ambient temperature variation of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, respectively, whereas the cooling COP decreased from 3.1 to 2.1with the increase of the ambient temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.694-701
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• 1990

The cycle of heat engine which produces the maximum power output is constructed when heat sources are finitely constant, and the maximum power as a thermodynamic limit of the engine, is obtained. The characteristics of the maximum power cycle are as follows, which represent the operation conditions and design conditions of the heat engine to produce the maximum power output. In heat exchangers, the temperature profiles of the heat source and the working fluid have the same functional formula and the ratio of the working fluid temperature to the heat source temperature is constant. When heat capacity flow rates(product of the specific heat and the mass flow rate) of the working fluid as well as the heat source are constant, the values of those of working fluid exist between those of two heat sources. The relation of the temperature and the heat capacity flow rate is established without the states of the heat sources and the capacities of heat exchangers, which is ( $T_{h}$/ $T_{H}$)( $C_{h}$/ $C_{H}$)=( $T_{1}$/ $T_{L}$)( $c_{1}$/ $c_{L}$)=1. The capacity of the heat exchanger of hot side is equal to that of cold side regardless of the states of the heat sources and the total capacities of heat exchangers.hangers.ers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.220-233
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• 1998

This study was made to objectify the principle of oriental medical prescriptions so that we could obtain the principle and the formulation of them For that purpose, we analysed the formula and rule of 205 prescriptions recorded in Gum-goe-yo-rak, which have a few of components, and are widely used in clinical from ancient times to these days. At first we classified those prescriptions by their effect. Then we re-classified the herbs of the effect groups into four natures (cold, hot, warm and cool) and five kinds of flavors (sour, bitter, sweet, acrid and salty). And we classified the herbs into three grades - superior, medium, and inferior - which were used in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic. By these means, we statistically evaluated the prescriptions recorded in Gum-goe-yo-rak based on the Four Regular Components(Monarch, Minister, Assistant, and Laborer). As a result we could obtain some facts about the prescriptions recorded in Gum-goe-yo-rak, those are what kind of herbal material was used frequently and distribution of the natures flavors and grades according to thier effects. And we are sure that these results can be great help for establishment of fundamental formulation of theory of traditional herbal medicinal polyprescription.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2000

Etiology and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia are considered as 'difficiency in origin' of liver, spleen and kidney combined with 'excess in superficiality' of phlegm stagnancy and blood stasis. The prescription of Semyung-Gangji-tang, designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, consists of herbs effective at treating blood stasis and phlegm stagnancy. It invigorates the liver, kidney and spleen. Its medical nature is not too cold or too hot and it increases human vital energy. The purpose of this study is to examine the currative effects of Semyung-Gangji-tang on hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Twenty-four male NZW rabbits, around 2kg of B.W., were divided into 3 groups. Group I was served as the normal group. Group II was served as the hyperlipidemic control group fed with 1 % cholesterol diet for 8weeks and with normal diet for the next 4weeks. Group III was served as the treatment group, treated the same as the control group and medicated with Semyung-Gangji-tang for the last 4weeks. Blood samples were collected from each of the animals at a, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks and used for the blood chemical analysis. Animals were sacrificed at 8 and 12weeks and chemical analyses were performed on the collected liver samples. The serum total cholesterol value of treatment group ($938.60{\pm}95.07{\;}mg/dl$) at l2weeks was significantly decreased (P<0.00l) compared with the value of control group ($1375{\pm}37.82{\;}mg/dl$) at 12weeks. The serum LDL-cholesterol value of the treatment group ($838.00{\pm}89.52 mg/dl$) at l2weeks was significantly decreased(p<0.00l) compared with the value of the control group ($1249.60{\pm}37.63{\;}mg/dl$) at l2weeks. These results indicate that Semyung-Gangji-tang has the effects of lowering serum lipid in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rabbits.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.339-342
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• 2006

This study was designed to prepare an animal model for partial thickness bum wound which can be employed for testing topical therapy. We first evaluated whether rabbit ear and mouse back skin wound model could differentiate the wound healing process in terms of degree of re epithelialization, required days for complete wound closure, presence of scarring. $2^{nd}$ degree wet bum were prepared on mouse back skin and rabbit ear by applying 5 mL hot water($85{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$) for 7 see followed by 5 mL ice-cold 0.5% acrynol solution for cooling and disinfecting the inflicted area. After removing the dead epidermis layer at 24 hr, tested dressings were applied for specified time and wound progression was investigated. In mouse model, wound contraction was the primary wound closing mechanism, which is quite different from human wound healing process. In rabbit ear model, epidermal regeneration was the major wound healing process rather than wound contraction and the difference in wound healing property among tested dressings could be clearly demonstrated. A rabbit ear model could differentiate the wound progression among open, occluded and epidermal growth factor(EGF) treated wound. Four sites of circular wound(diameter: 1 cm) on the anterior part of rabbit ear could be employed for the comparative wound healing study. For obtaining reproducible bum wound, degree of bum depth and bum sites should be carefully controlled in addition, employing rabbits of same strain and weight. The result suggests that rabbit ear could be employed as a reliable and human-resembled wound model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.414-419
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• 2005

Newly harvested milled rice and stored milled rice for 2 years were steeped at the elevated temperatures of 40, 50, and 60℃ for 2hr, and physicochemical properties of the wet-milled rice flour were investigated. The lightness of rice flour was slightly higher in the newly harvested milled-rice, while yellowness was higher in the stored milled rice. For both newly harvested and stored milled rice, WAI, WSI, and gel consistency increased as steeping temperature increased. The amylograph pasting properties indicated that increasing steeping temperature increased peak viscosity. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the rice flour showed that increasing steeping temperature increased onset and peak temperatures, with reduced gelatinization enthalphy, suggesting partial annealing occured. Particle size of rice flour from newly harvested milled rice was larger than that from stored milled rice.