• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.657-676
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• 2016

In this paper, the active lateral earth pressure is evaluated using the stress characteristics or slip line method. The lateral earth pressure is expressed as the lateral earth pressure coefficients due to the surcharge, the unit weight and cohesion of the backfill soil. Seismic horizontal and vertical pseudo-static coefficients are used to consider the seismic effects. The equilibrium equations along the characteristics lines are solved by the finite difference method. The slope of the ground surface, the wall angle and the adhesion and friction angle of the soil-wall interface are also considered in the analysis. A computer code is provided for the analysis. The code is capable of solving the characteristics network, determining active lateral earth pressure distribution and calculating active lateral earth pressure coefficients. Closed-form solutions are provided for the lateral earth pressure coefficients due to the surcharge and cohesion. The results of this study have a good agreement with other reported results. The effects of the geometry of the retaining wall, the soil and soil-wall interface parameters are evaluated. Non-dimensional graphs are presented for the active lateral earth pressure coefficients.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.443-450
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• 2002

It is known that the distribution of the active earth pressure against a translating rigid wall is not triangular, but nonlinear, due to arching effects in the backfill. In the present paper, a new formulation for calculating the active earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall undergoing horizontal translation is proposed. It takes into account the arching effects that occur in the backfill. In order to check the accuracy of the proposed formulation, the predictions from the equation are compared with both existing full-scale test results and values from existing equations. The comparisons between calculated and measured values show that the proposed equations satisfactorily predict both the earth pressure distribution and the total active earth force on the translating wall.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

In this study, field test on utilization of recycled aggregates and crushed stone as horizontal drains to use an alternative material of sand in soft ground is practiced. The settlement with time showed similarly ranged from 28.4-30.3 cm in the all horizontal materials. The excess pore water pressure of the recycled aggregates and crushed stone showed smaller than sand. The small the excess pore water pressure becomes faster the consolidation period and it can reduces the amount of residual settlement. Therefore, it was verified as having enough to an alternative materials that the field applicability is excellent. The distribution of earth pressure with time showed similarly in the all horizontal materials. The recycled aggregates and crushed stone was very applicable to practice because there is no mat resistance in the horizontal drains layer. The penetration rate in the SCP and PVD improvement sections did not show large differences as the grain size and the horizontal drainage height increases.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.964-972
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• 2008

In the retaining wall design process, track and train loads are usually considered as uniform surcharge loads and strip loads. In this paper, the lateral(horizontal) earth pressure on retaining structures caused by track and train load are calculated using the Boussinesq solution. And also total horizontal force per unit length and the location of the resultant force were estimated with the changes of loading locations and widths of the loadings. The maximum horizontal earth pressure and the location of it for high-speed train load were 11.83kPa and 1.7m at the loading condition 2m away from retaining walls.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2002

This paper presents a study on the discharge capacity of geotextiles as a horizontal drain layer placed between the layers of earth fill and natural soft ground. Required discharge capacity of geotextiles as drain layers estimated by consolidation analysis is proportional to the consolidation coefficient of the ground soils and the width of the earth fills. The field discharge capacity of the geotextiles are measured by the hydraulic transmissivity test. And the results show wide variation according to the material characteristics of geotextiles, water content of the soils, vertical pressure, and etc. For the short horizontal drain length, geotextile filter mat can be used for the horizontal drain layer. And f3r the long drain($25{\sim}55m$), it is used for the drain together with Bord Drain.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

Cantilever sheet pile walls are subjected to surcharge loading located on the backfill soil and at different distances from the top of the wall. The response of cantilever sheet pile walls to surcharge loadings at varying distances under seismic conditions is scarce in literature. In the present study, the influence of uniform surcharge load on cantilever sheet pile wall at varying distances from the top of the wall under seismic conditions are analyzed using finite difference based computer program. The results of the numerical analysis are presented in non-dimensional form like variation of bending moment and horizontal earth pressure along the depth of the sheet pile walls. The numerical analysis has been conducted at different magnitudes of horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients by varying the magnitude and position of uniform surcharge from the top of the wall for different embedded depths and types of soil. The parametric study is conducted with different embedded depth of sheet pile walls, magnitude of surcharge on the top of the wall and at a distance from the top of the wall for different angles of internal friction. It is observed that the maximum bending moment increases and more mobilization of earth pressure takes place with increase in horizontal seismic acceleration coefficients, magnitude of uniform surcharge, embedded depth and decrease in the distance of surcharge from the top of the wall in loose sand.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2011

Knowledge of seismic earth pressure against rigid retaining wall is very important. Mononobe-Okabe method is commonly used, which considers pseudo-static approach. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the distribution of seismic earth pressure on a rigid cantilever retaining wall supporting dry cohesionless backfill. Planar rupture surface is considered in the analysis. Effect of various parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on seismic earth pressure have been studied. Results are presented in terms of tabular and graphical non-dimensional form.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 사질토 뒷채움재의 캔틸레버 옹벽에서 뒷굽 끝단 연직면에 작용하는 주동토압을 산정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 캔틸레버 옹벽에서 뒷굽길이에 따른 전단 영역의 변화는 벽체의 벽마찰력, 뒷채움 경사에 따라 뒷굽 끝단 연직면에 작용하는 주동토압에 영향을 준다. 뒷굽길이에 따라 변하는 파괴면각도를 가정하여 토압을 산정하는 한계평형법은 적용하기에 매우 복잡하므로 본 연구에서는 한계해석법을 사용하여 토압을 구하였다. 한계해석법으로 뒷굽길이에 따라 실제 파괴면각도가 고려된 토압을 정확히 산정하고, 이로부터 뒷굽 끝단 연직면에 작용하는 수평토압과 연직토압을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면, 뒷굽길이가 짧아짐에 따라 내측 파괴면 경사각은 이론식보다 증가한 반면에 외측 파괴면 경사각은 영향을 받지 않았다. 뒷굽 끝단의 연직면에 작용하는 배면마찰각은 지표면 경사각과 벽면마찰각 사이의 값을 나타내었으며, 주동토압 또한 감소하였다. 최종적으로 상대적인 뒷굽길이와 뒷굽 끝단의 연직면에 작용하는 마찰각(연직토압/수평토압의 비)의 상관관계를 사용함으로써 Coulomb 토압을 간편하게 산정할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

This study analyzed pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement through laboratory model tests in order to suggest the effective remodeling method in the case of reinforcing the upstream and downstream slope of deteriorated reservoirs that has no cores and filters or is not functional. The method of remodeling the upstream slope using dredge soil is first prevent seepage by installing the core, and the leakage water can be rapidly discharged through a filter installed on the downstream slope. Therefore, it is considered a highly efficient method of remodeling that reduces piping phenomena and increasing the storage capacity of the reservoir. The variation of earth pressure without the core and filter was greater than with it, while the change largely showed in the upstream slope, the downstream slope did not show any significant changes. The remodeling method of the downstream slope with the core appeared differently pore water pressure depending on the presence of the vertical and horizontal filters. In the upstream slope, the pore water pressure rises sharply, the base and middle gradually increased, and the downstream slope appeared small. The pore water pressure of embankment with a vertical and horizontal filter will be smaller than without it. The remodeling of deteriorated reservoir that does not have the function of the filter, the vertical filter must be installed in a position that is higher than the expected seepage line by removing portions of the downstream slopes. Since the horizontal filter is an important structure that provides stable drainage during an earthquake or concentrated leak, it is necessary to examine any change in the seepage characteristics depending on the filter intervals via three-dimensional finite element analysis, and it should be connected to the tow-drain to reduce the possibility of the collapse of the reservoir.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2001

It is very important to determine the coefficient of earth pressure at rest accurately in order to estimate the behavior of soil structure. For estimation of K/sub 0/-value depending upon the stress history of dry sand, a new type of K/sub 0/-oedeometer apparatus is devised, and the horizontal earth pressure is accurately measured. For this study, 2 types of one-cyclic K/sub 0/-Loading/unloading models have been studied experimentally using four relative densities of the sand. The results obtained in this test are as follows : K/sub on'/ the coefficient of earth pressure at - rest for virgin loading is a function of the angle of internal friction Φ' of the sand and is determined as K/sub on/=1 - 0.914 sin Φ', K/sub ou'/ the coefficient of earth pressure at rest for virgin unloading is a function of K/sub on/ and over consolidation ratio(OCR), and is determined as K/sub ou/=K/sub on/(OCR)K/sup a/. The exponent α, increases as the relative density increases. K/sub or'/ the coefficient of earth pressure at rest for virgin reloading decreases in hyperbola type as the vertical stress, σ/sub v/’, increases. And, the stress path at virgin reloading leads to the maximum prestress point, independent upon the value of the minimum unloading stress. The gradient of this curve, m/sub r/ increases as OCR increases.