• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 1988

Clonorchiasis should be realized as an important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. This study was designed to obtain the infection rate, contributing factors as well as the behavior of infected persons among the factory workers in Pohang area where that parasite still remains as a problem. Study was undertaken from September '86 to October '87. Clonorchiasis skin test was performed for 3180 factory workers, and stools of skin test positive reactors were examined. Praziquantel was prescribed to stool examination positive persons for clonorchis sinensis ova. After one year. stool examination was repeated for them who received medicine. At the same time. a structured questionnaire was given and the results were analyzed and compared with control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis. 1) Clonorchiassis skin test positive rate was $26.2\%$ (834/3180). 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova) positive rate among skin test positive reactors was $21.6\%$ (129/598) All 129 infected persons were male. 2. Contributing factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection. 1) The chance of infection was higher in low-educated peple(p<0.01) 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova)positive rate was higher among the persons who reside near the riverside now(p<0.01), or among the persons who long history of riverside residence(p<0.01) 3) The infection rate was higher in thoes who like sliced raw fresh water fishes than in those who like cooked fishes(p<0.05). 4) Correct answering rate for questions about the cause and route of Clonorchis sinensis infection was low in infected persons. 5) The infection rate was lower among those who had experience of previous clonorchiasis test(p<0.01). 6) Family members of infected persons show higher rates of infection(p <0.01). 3. Treatment effect and compliance of infected person to treatment. 1) After one year, negative stool conversion rate was $85.4\%$. 2) $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine; Only $3.1\%$ of them consulted to physician to know the medication effect; As many as $29.4\%$ of them continued to consume raw fresh water fishes. As a conclusion, City of Pohang area, Hyung San River in the center, is an endemic area of clonorchiasis. Current clonorchiasis control system seemed to be ineffective; many of the skin test positive group did not submitted their stool for examination; only $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine even though the drugs were given free of charge; $29.4\%$ continued to consume raw fresh water fishes after taking medicine. Therefore. proper education program should be provided to improve the compliance to treatment. Follow-up for infected cases is mandatory to prevent waste of restricted budget.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2007

2004년 2월부터 2005년 6월까지 제주특별자치도 애월읍 신엄리에서 흑로의 번식과정을 조사하였다. 한배 산란수는 $3.24{\pm}0.75$개(N=17, 범위 $2{\sim}4$개)였으며, 알은 새벽이나 밤에 $1{\sim}3$일 간격으로 산란하였다. 알(N=39)의 크기는 장경 $46.73{\pm}l.91mm$, 단경 $34.06{\pm}0.83mm$, 무게 $27.67{\pm}3.12g$, 두께 $0.26{\pm}0.03mm$였다. 흑로의 둥지 보수나 짓기는 매년 2월부터 시작해서 늦게는 4월말까지, 산란기는3월초부터 늦게는 5월 초순까지였고, 부화기는4월 초순에서 5월 중순까지, 이소기는 5월 중순부터 7월말까지였다. 보충 산란은 1차 번식과정 중 포란과 육추에 실패한 $5{\sim}6$월에 바로 시도하는 것으로 추정된다. 포란 기간은 $28.17{\pm}4.12$일(N=6)이었으며, 알은 비동시성으로 부화되었다. 육추 기간은 $40.00{\pm}6.84$일(N=5)이었으며, 새끼의 부리, 날개, 부척, 체중의 성장속도는 부화가 빠른 개체일수록 빠른 경향을 보였다. 우리나라에서 번식하는 백로과 조류의 산란시기를 비교해보면, 흑로는 왜가리보다는 느렸으나, 해오라기, 쇠백로, 중대백로는 보다는 빨랐다.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 1999

The need for and components of a contemporary community pharmacy externship for pharmacy students have not been clearly identified in Korea. Mail survey was performed among 20 college of pharmacy deans and 800 community pharmacists to analyze the current status and develop a consensus regarding major focus area and criteria of community pharmacy externship to be implemented under the separation of dispensary from medical practice in year 2000. Mail survey yielded $80\%\;and\;23.5\%$ response rate for pharmacy school deans and community pharmacists, respectively. Of the 16 pharmacy schools that responded 14 said they have externship program in hospital pharmacy, and only 8 pharmacy schools responded of having externship program for community pharmacy. However, these community pharmacy programs lacked criteria and standard guideline for the externship. The results of survey revealed that community pharmacy externship program for students should be organized and directed toward developing expert knowledge and skills in pharmacy practice activities, clinical services, communications, pharmacy management, and professionalism. Pharmacy practice components should include competencies and skills in computer application, prescription processing, dispensing, pharmaceutical compounding, Narcotics Control Law application, maintenance and provision of drug information, and laws and regulations. Clinical service components should include the ability to identify patient's drug-related problems, provide long-term patient care and appreciate drug therapy services. Communication skills should be taught to effectively express his/her professional opinion, deduce the needs of others, utilize appropriate techniques and media to communicate ideas and conduct a patient interview and to obtain patient drug history. Pharmacy management skills should be taught to be efficient in medical insurance and drug control process. It was found that professionalism, morality, pharmacy practice experience, ability to provide clinical services, collect and provide drug information and regality are important criteria of preceptors. Externship sites should possess the ability to stock various drugs, access and provide diverse pharmacy services and should have private patient counseling area. Most pharmacists agreed that top 200 drugs' generic and brand name, indications, dosage, side effects, and contraindication should be instructed during the externship. It was also found that student and preceptor should be evaluated for their performances during the externship. This information will be incorporated into teaming objectives for students and to develop Academic Extemship Program Guidelines.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2010

테마파크는 단순히 여가활동을 위한 오락적 공간이 아닌, 주제라는 관념적 울타리를 가지고 다양한 이야기를 담아내는 곳이다. 그 이야기는 방문자가 얻고, 채우고, 남기고 싶어 하는 '의미를 전하는 공간'으로 로봇랜드는 로봇과 인간 그리고 자연을 담아내고 있다. 본 연구는 민간사업자 선정을 위한 마산로봇랜드 설계공모에서 차순위협상대상자로 당선된 작품의 설계전략과 내용을 서술한 것이다. 계획의 주안점은 첫째, 테마파크의 성공여부인 재방문력을 위한 각 공간들의 구성력과 테마의 전달력에 있으며, 둘째, 기계산업의 핵심적 허브이자 아름다운 해안자원을 지니고 있는 마산의 잠재력을 적극으로 이용함에 있다. 먼저, 로봇, 인간, 자연의 요소별 특성을 융합할 수 있는 신진대사의 선형을 모티브로 이용하여 자연훼손을 최소화하면서 이용자의 욕구와 형태의 변화에 따라 유연하게 반응할 수 있는 공간을 창출하였다. 식재계획은 컬러로 규정된 상징적 의미를 이용하여 진입광장, 기존 산림지, 경사지, 휴양지, 단지 내부, 에코아일랜드 등에 각 공간적 특성에 맞추어 도입하였다. 또한 로봇의 전시 및 교육, 숙박자를 위한 휴양 시설, 다양한 놀이 및 상업시설, 유토피아형 가든의 공간을 테마로 대상지의 용도 및 성격에 맞게 조닝을 설정하여 세부공간을 모색하였으며, 마산로봇랜드가 단순히 경제적 효과뿐 아니라 지역적 정서를 근간으로 정신적 풍요를 만들어내는 참된 문화공간으로 조성될 수 있도록 계획하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
• /
• 제13A권6호
• /
• pp.545-554
• /
• 2006

웹의 활용이 보편화 되면서 웹을 통한 자료의 검색이 증가하고 있으나, 웹상의 방대한 자료 중에서 학습자가 꼭 필요한 학습자료를 찾는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 검색엔진을 이용할 경우 원하는 정보를 어느 정도 찾을 수 있으나 검색어 일치방식에 의존하는 현재의 검색엔진의 특성상 결과가 만족스럽지 못한 경우가 많다. 또한 검색 결과 중에서 연관이 없는 정보를 필터링하기 위해 사용자가 많은 시간을 낭비하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 웹 자원의 의미정보를 구조화하여 정보의 효율적인 검색, 통합, 재사용을 가능하도록 하는 시맨틱 웹(Semantic Web)기술을 활용하여 초등학교 학습자료에 적합한 온톨로지(Ontology)를 제안하고, 의미적 연관관계를 통해 학습내용에 접근할 수 있도록 초등학교의 역사분야 학습 내용에 관한 온톨로지를 구축하였다. 또한 이를 기반으로 학습자료를 검색할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 검색시스템의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습자료와 연관된 사용자 질의어를 보다 상세하게 입력받아 검색결과를 얻는다. 둘째, 사용자 질의어를 바탕으로 학습자료 온톨로지에 질의하여 검색어가 포함된 결과 및 검색어와 연관된 정보를 검색결과로 얻는다. 셋째, 질의어와 연관된 내용을 함께 제시함으로써 학습의 효율을 높일 수 있다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body weight are important factors of childbirth outcomes, which further cause obesity, metabolic diseases, or psychological problems later in women's lives. Changes in diet, westernized lifestyle, traditional postpartum care, and childbirth at older age are thought to be threats to proper weight management in Korean women of reproductive age. Public health and antenatal care need to focus on the proper body weight management of women by carefully planning pregnancy to postpartum periods. Purpose: This study explored the body weight changes from pregnancy to postpartum and the related characteristics in women within 12 months after childbirth. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted with 102 Korean women within 12 months after childbirth. Data were collected using an online survey system, and a structured questionnaire available for electronic self-administration was modified to include demographics, obstetrical history, and body weight at 6 time points. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Habit Measurement instruments were also used in data collection. A professional survey agency recruited the participants, and data were automatically saved and then analyzed. Results: The average age of the participants was 33.8 years, 48% were housewives and were well-educated. Seventy-two percent of the participants were primiparas and 82% had breastfed their babies. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 17.3 to 27.8, indicating that 21.5% of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean gestational weight gain was 11.8 kg, and weight loss was apparent during the first 3 months postpartum. The mean decline in weight was 3.4 kg at one year after childbirth. Women wanted to lose 5.6 kg (range: 3~20 kg), however 44% of them reported that they had not engaged in any weight control efforts. Further, 72% of them reported having engaged in a low level of physical activity. Body weight was not associated with women's characteristics, physical activity score, and diet. Conclusion: Women's awareness of gestational weight gain, lifestyle modification, and the risk of prolonged weight retention should be promoted through the antenatal and women's healthcare systems. As pregnancy and childbirth are critical events that affect women's health, integrative education to ensure healthy transition to life after delivery is required.

• 한국기록관리학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.145-163
• /
• 2018

공공기관의 기록물관리 업무에 QR코드의 도입사례를 알아보고 이를 통해 이용자의 업무만족감을 높이는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. QR코드의 정의와 기록관에서 제공할 수 있는 이용자서비스에 대해 살펴보았고 QR코드를 이용한 도입사례를 살펴보았다. 기록관에 QR코드를 적용하려는 이유는 현재 공공기관에서는 기록물관리전문요원의 1인체제이다. 직원 수와 기록물의 양은 방대해지고 있다. 모든 업무의 내용을 숙지하여 정확하게 설명해야하고 기록관리 생애주기 이해가 부족한 직원들에게 전문적인 내용을 무한반복 설명을 해야하는 어려움이 있다. 도입사례로는 비전자 기록물등록 방법 안내, 중요기록물 및 행정박물 위치 및 이력 안내, 표준기록관리 교육 제공으로 나눴다. 이를 연구자가 제작한 '기록관리 안내서'(QR코드 유무)를 부산광역시 S구청 공무원들을 대상으로 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어 적용하여 연구하였다. 기록관리안내 만족도는 QR코드 활용 유무에 따라 의미 있는 차이가 있었다. 2017년 12월, 1차 조사와 2018년 3월 2차 조사를 비교분석하였을 때 실험집단의 경우 1차 조사에서 평균 2.94였으나 2차 조사에서 3.75로 결과치가 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 의미가 있었다. 이는 기존의 활자로 제공하는 안내보다 QR코드를 도입하여 안내 하는 것이 높은 만족도를 보인다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 QR코드를 활용한 공공기관의 기록관리 도입사례와 이용자 만족도를 알아보는 것이지만 기록관리시스템(RMS)과 문서생산시스템에 접목시켜 완성도가 높아질 수 있도록 하는 것이 향후 과제이다.

• 인문언어
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.123-139
• /
• 2001

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.211-222
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 국토지리정보원이 운영하고 있는 측량대가 산정체계인 「측량대가의 기준」의 개선 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현행 측량대가기준은 최초 제정 이후 크게 개정되지 않았으나 측량산업이 어려워지는 상황에서 대가기준의 현실화는 기술자 양성과 산업 발전을 위해 절실히 필요한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 측량대가기준의 문제점 분석 및 개선방안 도출을 위해, 측량대가기준의 개요와 기본적인 특성 및 연혁을 분석하고 국내 유사 기준과 비교하였다. 설문 조사를 통해 관·산의 의견을 수렴하고 노임단가와 간접비 요율에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 그 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직접비에 직접적인 영향을 주는 표준품셈의 정비가 필요하며 직접경비에 누락된 항목의 보완이 필요하다. 둘째, 외국의 대가기준 및 지적 분야와의 대가기준을 비교해 볼 때, 측량 분야의 노임단가가 상당히 낮은 수준이므로 이에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 셋째, 간접비의 요율은 적절한 것으로 분석되었으며, 간접비가 적절히 계상되지 않는 문제에 대해서는 교육·홍보의 강화를 통해 대응하여야 한다. 넷째, 신기술에 빠르게 대응하기 위해 측량용역대가 심의위원회의 운영 또는 표준시장단가체계 도입에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.113-133
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish academic identity as well as produce human resources that industries need by grasping curriculum of the departments related beauty focusing on Korean colleges (junior colleges and four year course colleges), analyzing examples of advanced countries and suggesting their developmental direction. For the research method, the reference period of curriculum in Korean colleges was from Jul. 05th, 2011 to Aug. 05th, 2011. the investigation method is as follow: first, the curriculum of the departments related to beauty which were registered in the web sites were investigated. Second, the documents were received by fax and Email from each department after calling it. Third, questions and answers were done in reference to majors on the phones. these methods are intended for 65 junior colleges and 16 four year course colleges (total 81 ones). It clarified that lifelong education centers and the graduate courses were ruled out. the statistical analysis about data which were investigated like this were done by the frequency analysis. The results which examined the major subjects of Make-up focusing on Korea and foreign countries are as follow: First, the result which examined the major and theory subjects of Make-up has found that there are the human body theory, the equipment theory, the marketing theory are the management theory in Korean junior colleges and physiology/chemical, management, marketing and equipment product were treated in four year course colleges of Korea. As for foreign colleges, the subjects related to history and culture are mainly treated as the theory courses and their purpose is to cultivate basic knowledge of the fields which are mainly connected to Make-up including plays, movies, TV and studios. Second, the result which examined practice subjects of Make-up major has found that practice subjects of the total ones are of great importance in junior colleges. And it could be found that the Make-up field is of little importance as it is not independent and exists with the hair and skin fields in one department in the four year course colleges. Especially, in the foreign countries, the more detailed and professional subjects including classes which treat digital media, studio technologies, production, wigs and the special effects were treated by the field class system and these characteristics implies that Korean curriculum should be changed in the future. Based on this analytical results of investigation, this researcher tried to propose the developmental direction of Korean curriculum in the future.