• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2002

Betaine functions as an osmoregulators in the cells and its inclusion in diet can spare the choline and carcass fat reduction in chicken. Thus, two hundred eighty eight laying hens were fed with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 ppm of betaine from seventy eight to eighty six weeks of age during the environmentally high temperature stress. Com and soybean basal diets contained 2,800 kcal/kg ME and 16% CP. Egg production, feed intake, and feed conversion were examined for eight weeks. Egg quality characters, serum cholesterol, liver betaine, and lower ileal osmolality were measured at the end of experiment. Egg Production rates of hens fed with 500 or 2,000 ppm of betaine were 75.06 and 75.02%, respectively and tended to increase compared to the control. The feed conversion(FCR) of these treatments was significantly(P<0.05) improved compared to that of control although it did not significantly differ in the e99 Production rates between 500 and 2,000 ppm of betain groups. Eggshell breaking strength of hens fed betaine was significantly(P<0.05) higher than those of control. However, betaine supplements did not influence to improving the albumen height and Haugh unit. Liver betaine in hens fed with betaine was linearly increased unto 2,000 ppm. The birds fed with 2,000 ppm betaine showed significantly(P<0.05) higher in the liver betaine than the control birds. Total cholesterol and triglyceride tended to be increased by dietary betaine supplement. The lower ileal osmolality in betaine supplement group tended to be slightly decreased. As a result, dietary betaine supplement tended to improve the egg Production and eggshell Quality in laying hens during heat stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.38-50
• /
• 1995

Tensile strength (TS) of ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ films without salt was 22-32 MPa and was the highest among ${\kappa},\;{\lambda}\;and\;{\iota}-carrageenan$ films. ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ films had high mechanical barrier properties as they are compared with TS of polyethylene films which are 13-28 MPa. TS of ${\iota}-carrageenan$ films without salt was 5-9 MPa and was the lowest among the films. Mechanical properties (TS and elongation) were affected by the concentration of plasticizers. Especially, elongation of ${\kappa}-carrageenan\;and\;{\iota}-carrageenan$ drastically increased as the concentration of plasticizer increased. Mechanical properties (TS and elongation) were greatly affected by various concentration and kind of salts. TS of Film-A (0.375 g plasticizer/g carrageenan) of ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ films which contains 0.1% (w/w) potassium chloride increased to 45 MPa which was the highest among the TS of biopolymer films which have been developed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2014

For enhancing productivity of glulam, high frequency (HF) curing technique was researched in this study. Heat energy is generated by electromagnetic energy dissipation when HF wave is applied to a dielectric material. Because both lamina and adhesives have dielectric property, internal heat generation would be occurred when HF wave is applied to glulam. Most room temperature setting adhesives such as phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin, which is popularly used for manufacturing glulam, can be cured more quickly as temperature of adhesives increases. In this study, dielectric properties of larch wood and PRF adhesives were experimentally evaluated, and the mechanism of HF heating, which induced the fast curing of glue layer in glulam, was theoretically analyzed. Result of our experiments showed relative loss factor of PRF resin, which leads temperature increase, was higher than that of larch wood. Also, it showed density and specific heat of PRF, which are resistance factors of temperature increase, were higher than those of wood. It was expected that the heat generation in PRF resin by HF heating would occur greater than in larch wood, because the ratio of relative loss factor to density and specific heat of PRF resin was greater than that of larch wood. Through theoretical approach with the experimental results, the relative strengths of ISM band HF electric fields to achieve a target heating rate were estimated.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.39 no.1 s.119
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to develop a new application field and obtain the basic data of citrus peel as waste in Jeju island and traditional Hanji for producing functional Hanji. The results measuring physical and optical properties, water vapor permeance and antibacterial activity are as follows. It was revealed that apparent density go as down but bulk raise up in the structural view of Hanji with increasing of the addition various Korean citrus peel (citrus unshiu, cheonggyun and hanrabong peel, and citrus unshiu peel powder) percentages, and that the density of Hanji added citrus unshiu peel was higher, but bulk was lower in compared with Hanji added other kinds of peel. Those Hanji added citrus unshiu peel, cheonggyun peel, hanrabong peel and citrus unshiu powder were very great not only in the strength (breaking length, burst index, tear index and folding endurance) but also in water vapor permeant rate in comparison with Hanji. The pHs of Hanji were neutrality (7 to 8). The brightness of the Hanji added various citrus peel percentages was low in compared to Hanji, and the 40% addition of hanrabong peel was the lowest. When 40% hanrabong peel was added to Hanji, it was very yellow in the color degree. When cheonggyun peel was added to Hanji manufacture, water vapor permeant rate was highly effective. It is known that vacant space of intrafiber was reduced by image analysis of Hanji and the additions of peel of citrus unshiu, cheonggyun and hanrabong were distributed equally in the interior of Hanji. The antibacterial activity of Hanji added citrus unshiu peel is more than 98%. After all, it would be able to increase utilization of Hanji, extensively. Namely, production of high quality Hanji added functional materials is expected for new valuable industry of citrus peel and Hanji.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2014

The cultivation of agricultural crops results in the generation of agricultural byproducts. Researchers have reported that these materials can be useful in a variety of applications. However, over 50% of them are currently discarded because of the lack of specific technologies in industrial applications. Therefore, effective and specific applications must be developed in order to manufacture high-quality materials using discarded lignocellulosic resources. In this study, we determined the possibility of using kraft pulp from major agricultural byproducts as a raw material for the manufacture of paperboard. Rice husks, peanut husks, and garlic stems were obtained and used to prepare many kinds of kraft pulps by controlling the active alkali, sulfidity, reaction time, and liquor ratio. After the production of these kraft pulps, handsheets were manufactured by mixing them with KOCC. After preconditioning, the physical properties and strengths of the handsheets were measured according to the TAPPI test methods. The shapes, lengths, and widths of the pulp fibers varied according to the type of agricultural byproduct and the kraft pulping conditions. Rice husk and garlic stem pulps manufactured under mild pulping conditions resulted in handsheets of higher bulk than other pulps. Garlic stem pulps manufactured under mild pulping conditions were stronger than rice husk pulps and peanut husk pulps.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.559-568
• /
• 2013

Surface compaction significantly impacts runoff and soil erosion under rainfall since it leads to changes of soil physical characteristics such as increase of bulk density and shear stress, change of microporosity, and decrease of hydraulic conductivity. This study addressed surface compaction effects on runoff and soil loss from bare and disturbed soils that are commonly distributed on construction sites. Thirty-six rainfall simulations from three replicates of each involving rainfall intensities (68.5 mm/hr, 95.6 mm/hr) and plot gradients ($5^{\circ}$, $12.5^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$) were conducted to measure runoff and soil loss for two different soil surface treatments (compacted surface, non-compacted surface). Compacted surface increased significantly soil bulk density and soil strength. However, the effect of surface treatments on runoff changed with rainfall intensity and plot gradient. Rainfall intensity and plot gradient had a positive effect on mean soil loss. In addition, the effect of surface treatments on soil loss responded differently with rainfall intensity and plot gradient. Compacted surfaces increased soil loss at gentle slope ($5^{\circ}$) while they decreased soil loss at steep slope ($20^{\circ}$). These results indicate that there exists transitional slope range ($10{\sim}15^{\circ}$) between gentle and steep slope by surface compaction effects on soil loss under disturbed bare soils and simulated rainfalls.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.437-443
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the optical and physical and characteristics of soft contact lens polymerized with addition of 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid in the basic hydrogel contact lens material. In particular, the utility of 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine- 4-carboxylic acid as a hydrogel contact lens material was investigated. Methods: In this study, 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid were used as additives. Also, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and a cross-linker EGDMA were co-polymerized in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. Results: The physical properties of the produced polymers were measured as followings. The water content of 34.54~37.15%, refractive index of 1.4320~1.4342, tensile strength of 0.2872~0.3608 kgf and contact angle of $57.82{\sim}79.57^{\circ}$, UV-B transmittance of 76.8~82.4% and UV-A transmittance of 84.6~86.6% were obtained respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, contact lens material containing 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid is expected to be able to used as a material for high wettability and UV-block hydrogel contact lens.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1 s.129
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2005

The main objective of this research was conducted to evaluate the impacts on the thermoplastic polymer which is a matrix polymer and the rice husk flour (RHF) which is a reinforcing filler relative to the manufacturing temperature and time when bio-composites were manufactured. In order to evaluate the impacts on the rice husk flour relative to the manufacturing temperature, the rice husk flour was persevered for 10 minutes to 2 hours period at $220^{\circ}C$ temperature which was then added with the polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to complete the manufacturing process of the bio-composites and measure the corresponding mechanical properties. As preserving time increased at $220^{\circ}C$, the tensile and impact strength were decreased due to the thermal degradation of the main components within the rice husk flour. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure weight loss caused by the actual manufacturing temperature and the result was that the thermoplastic polymer had not scarcely occurred weight change, but there had been increasing rate of weight loss relative to time for the rice husk flour and the bio-composites under the consistent temperature of $220^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour time period. Therefore, the proper manufacturing temperature and time settings are significantly important features in order to prevent the reduction of mechanical properties which were induced throughout the manufacturing process under the high manufacturing temperature.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2000

For the micropropagation, node explants of cassava were cultured in liquid MS medium with various concentrations of cytokinins on a rotary shaker (100 rpm) for 2 weeks. The adventitious roots and shoots from the explants were differentiated more efficiently in liquid medium than in solid. But root formation was not inhibited in medium with BAP and kinetin at low concentration (＞0.05 mg 1/sup -1/), while in medium added with BAP and zeatin at high level (＜0.25 mg 1/sup -1/), it was inhibited by callus forming on cut end of the cuttings. However, all of plantlets grown in liquid medium for more than 2 weeks showed symptoms of hyperhydricity. The plantlets grown in liquid medium were transferred into culture bottles filled with fine sand or artificial soil (pitmoss：perlite：vermiculite, 1：1：1 v/v) wetted with half strength of Knop's solution. After transplanted to culture bottles, some of vitriscent leaves were defoliated and new leaves were normally formed from shoot apex. Most of plantlets (＞95%) were hardened-off successfully only in culture bottles with fine sand, and grew into 3-5 cm seedlings possessing 4-6 nodes after 4 weeks. Thus, the mass propagation of cassava on medium containing cytokinin could be established based on the suspension culture using node explants.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2016

Process mining in big data environment utilize a number of data were generated from the business process. It generates lots of knowledge and insights regarding implementation and improvement of the process through the event log of the company's enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. In recent years, various research activities engaged with the audit work of company organizations are trying actively by using the maximum strength of the mining process. However, domestic studies on applicable sales auditing system for the process mining are insufficient under big data environment. Therefore, we propose process-mining methods that can be optimally applied to online and traditional auditing system. In advance, we propose continuous monitoring information system that can early detect and prevent the risk under the big data environment by monitoring risk factors in the organizations of enterprise. The scope of the research of this paper is to design a pre-verification system for risk factor via practical examples in sales auditing. Furthermore, realizations of preventive audit, continuous monitoring for high risk, reduction of fraud, and timely action for violation of rules are enhanced by proposed sales auditing system. According to the simulation results, avoidance of financial risks, reduction of audit period, and improvement of audit quality are represented.