Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Effects of Surface Compaction Treatment on Soil Loss from Disturbed Bare Slopes under Simulated Rainfalls

인공강우 시 나지교란사면 토사유출에 미치는 다짐처리의 영향

  • Park, Sang Deog (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Shin, Seung Sook (Institute for Disaster Prevention, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Kim, Seon Jeong (High Impact Weather Research Center, National Institute of Meteorological Research, KMA) ;
  • Choi, Byoungkoo (Research Center for River Flow Impingement and Debris Flow, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 박상덕 (강릉원주대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 신승숙 (강릉원주대학교 방재연구소) ;
  • 김선정 (기상청 국립기상연구소 재해기상연구센터) ;
  • 최병구 (강릉원주대학교 수충부 및 토석류 방재기술연구단)
  • Received : 2013.01.17
  • Accepted : 2013.03.19
  • Published : 2013.05.31
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Abstract

Surface compaction significantly impacts runoff and soil erosion under rainfall since it leads to changes of soil physical characteristics such as increase of bulk density and shear stress, change of microporosity, and decrease of hydraulic conductivity. This study addressed surface compaction effects on runoff and soil loss from bare and disturbed soils that are commonly distributed on construction sites. Thirty-six rainfall simulations from three replicates of each involving rainfall intensities (68.5 mm/hr, 95.6 mm/hr) and plot gradients ($5^{\circ}$, $12.5^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$) were conducted to measure runoff and soil loss for two different soil surface treatments (compacted surface, non-compacted surface). Compacted surface increased significantly soil bulk density and soil strength. However, the effect of surface treatments on runoff changed with rainfall intensity and plot gradient. Rainfall intensity and plot gradient had a positive effect on mean soil loss. In addition, the effect of surface treatments on soil loss responded differently with rainfall intensity and plot gradient. Compacted surfaces increased soil loss at gentle slope ($5^{\circ}$) while they decreased soil loss at steep slope ($20^{\circ}$). These results indicate that there exists transitional slope range ($10{\sim}15^{\circ}$) between gentle and steep slope by surface compaction effects on soil loss under disturbed bare soils and simulated rainfalls.

토양의 다짐은 강우 시 지표유출 및 토사유출에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 다짐은 체적밀도 증가, 전단강도 증가, 공극률 변형, 투수계수 등과 같은 토양특성 변화를 야기하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 인공강우 실험을 활용하여 개발지의 사면조건과 유사한 나지교란사면에서 표면의 다짐처리가 지표유출 및 토사유출에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 표면처리(다짐, 비다짐), 강우강도(68.5mm/hr, 95.6mm/hr), 사면경사($5^{\circ}$, $12.5^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$)의 각 조건별 3회 반복하여 총 36회의 강우모의에 따른 지표유출 및 토사유출을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 다짐처리 후 토양의 체적밀도 및 전단강도는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 그러나 이러한 물리적 특성의 변화가 지표유출에 미치는 영향은 강우강도와 사면경사에 따라 다르게 반응하였다. 평균 토사유출량은 강우강도와 사면경사가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한, 토사유출량은 강우강도와 사면경사 별 다짐처리 유 무에 따라 다른 반응을 보였다. 완경사($5^{\circ}$)에서는 다짐처리에서 더 많은 토사가 유출되었으나, 급경사($20^{\circ}$)에서의 다짐처리는 토사유출을 감소시키는 역할을 한 것으로 나타났다. 나지교란사면에서는 토사유출에 대한 다짐효과의 천이구간이 존재하는 것으로 파악되며, 본 연구의토양조건 및 강우조건에서 천이구간은 완경사와 급경사 사이로서 사면경사 $10{\sim}15^{\circ}$ 범위에 존재하는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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