• Title/Summary/Keyword: Herbal medicines and preparations

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Toxicity and safety classification of 4 animal medicines - Focusing on venoms from bee, snake, blister beetle and scolopendrid - (일부 동물성 한약재의 독성과 안전성등급화 - 봉독, 사독, 반묘와 오공을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Yeongchul;Lee, Sundong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.125-144
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : About 13% of the medicines used by traditional korean medicines(TKM), are called animal medicines and are derived from non-herbal sources such as animals and insects. However, the clinical use of these preparations from animal medicines is often based on tradition and belief, rather than on evidence of toxicity and efficacy. As a result, animal medicines containing toxin have caused serious problems from injecting patients with venom. Here, various venoms frequently used as TKM were reviewed in terms of their instinct toxity and tried to estimate their safety classification. Methods : The estimation of safety classification was based on human equivalent dose(HED)-based MOS (margin of safety) and clinical dose applied for patients. Results and Conclusions : Except that of snake venom due to no clinical dose, they were evaluated as class 3 for bee venom, class 4 for cantharidin, toxin from blister beetle, and class 1 for venom from scolopendrid. In conclusion, animal medicines showed a wide range of safety classification from class 1 to class 4. This wide range is estimated to result from extremely limited applications of each venom for patients because of their strong toxicity. However, it should be cautious for application in clinics since animal medicines can produce anaphylactic reactions particularly after veinous administration even with a tiny amount of venom.

Investigation of Effective Korean Herbal Medicine for Psoriasis - Focusing on Lipid Metabolism - (건선에 효과적인 한약 처방 탐색 - 지질 대사를 중심으로)

  • Han, Chang-Yi;Kim, Jundong;Seo, Gwang-Yeel;Kim, Kyu-Seok;Kim, Yoon-Bum
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 2021
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using herbal medicine for the management of psoriasis focusing on lipid metabolism. Methods : We reviewed studies about pathophysiology, and medical treatment of psoriasis, the relationship between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and lipid metabolism, and herbal medicine on Pubmed and Google scholar. Results : Psoriasis is a chronic multi-organ inflammatory disease not limited to skin, and steroids, immuno-suppressants, and biological agents are used. It is known that psoriasis and metabolic syndrome act as mutual risk factors, and lipid metabolism are involved in psoriasis. The effects of various single herbal preparations and complex herbal extract, decoction on improving lipid metabolism have been consistently reported, and there was an improvement of psoriatic skin lesions and improvement of blood lipid levels through herbal medicine. Conclusions : Herbal medicine research in psoriasis has focused on the anti-inflammatory effect and the suppression effect of certain immune mediators. However, considering that psoriasis is affected by lipid metabolism and side effects of Western medicines, the use of herbal medicines for the purpose of controlling lipid metabolism in psoriasis is useful in aspects of reducing side effects of concurrent Western medicine, improving the severity of psoriasis, and managing metabolic risk factors.

Drug-herb interactions: Mechanisms involved and clinical implications of five commonly and traditionally used herbs

  • Ong, Chin Eng;Pan, Yan
    • CELLMED
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.17.1-17.8
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    • 2014
  • Herbal remedies are commonly used by patients worldwide. Because these herbal preparations share the same metabolic and transport proteins with prescribed medicines, the potential for a drug-herb interaction is substantial and is an issue of significant concern. This review paper summarizes drug-herb interactions involving inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes, drug transporters as well as modulation of drug pharmacodynamics. An increasing number of in vitro and animal studies, case reports and clinical trials evaluating such interactions have been reported, and implications of these studies are discussed in this review. The most commonly implicated drugs in the interaction include anticoagulants, antiplatelets, immunosuppressants, anti-neoplastics, protease inhibitors, and some antidepressants. Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interactions of five commonly used herbal remedies (danshen, garlic, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and St John's wort) with these drugs are presented, with focus of discussion being the potentials for interaction, their mechanisms and clinical implications. There is a necessity for adequate pharmacovigilance to be carried out in minimizing unanticipated but often preventable drug-herb interactions.

Studies on the Identification Test of Herbal Medicines and its Preparations (한약엑스제의 확인시험법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hye-Jin;Suh, Yong-Taek;Lee, Jong-Pill;Cho, Jung-Hee;Jang, Young-Pyo
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2009
  • The reference herbal extracts and their identification methods by Korean Pharmacopoeia IX were established based on the organic solvent extracts to detect their marker compounds. However, most of herbal medicine decoctions in the market are prepared with water as extracting solvent. As the reference herbal extracts and their identification methods are not appropriate for the practical test, new preparation of alternative reference herbal extracts and their identification test methods are essential for the correction of test methods and identification of herbal drugs. Three novel identification test methods were developed for Evodiae Fructus, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. Total 10 reference herbal extracts and their identification methods were optimized for Ephedrae Herba, Schisandrae Fructus, Curcuma longae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Puerariae Radix, Corni Fructus, and Cinnamomi Cortex.

A survey on additional needs for herbal preparations in national health insurance service (보험급여 한약제제 기준처방 개선방안 설문조사 연구)

  • Jeong, Woo Sung;Shin, Woo Cheol;Hong, Ik Hwan;Choi, Jung Uk;Kim, Yun-Kyung
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.375-390
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : In order to increase the utilization rate of insurance covered herbal medicines, it is necessary to improve the standard prescription lists of current national health insurance service. Methods : Previous research and discussions have been summarized, the cases of overseas insurance prescription were investigated, and compared with the insurance prescription of Korea. We conducted two questionnaire surveys. From the first email questionnaire survey, response rate was very low. So once again, from december 4, 2014 to december 17, we emailed a questionnaire survey to 17,275 members of the Korean medicine doctors and 890 peoples(5.1%) responded for two weeks. We analyzed prescriptions from previous studies, overseas cases, and surveys. Results : With overseas herbal medicine health insurance lists, prescriptions recommended by the experts committee, the prescriptions results of the first and second surveys, and the prescriptions presented in previous studies, we compared and analyzed all the results and we derived 202 prescriptions for NHIS. Conclusion: We suggest 127 Single extracts and 202 prescriptions to be added for NHI.

Quantitative Analytical Method for Eighteen Marker Compounds in Ongyeong-tang, a Traditional Herbal Formula, Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Quality Assessment

  • Kim, Jung-Hoon;Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo;Seo, Chang-Seob
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : Ongyeong-tang (OGT) is a traditional herbal formula used to cure gynaecological disorders. OGT consists of 12 herbal medicines containing various bioactive components. Therefore, the development of suitable analytical method for the marker compounds is necessary for the quality control of OGT. Methods : Determination of the 18 marker compounds in OGT preparations was quantitatively performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection analysis. The marker compounds were separated on a reversed-phase C 18 column and the analytical method was successfully validated, which was applied to compare OGT extracts from laboratory preparation and commercial OGT granules. Results : Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were in the ranges of $0.001-0.016{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.003-0.047{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Precision was 0.03-3.71 % within a day and 0.03-3.81 % over four consecutive days. Recovery of marker compounds ranged from 90.63-108.26 %, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 4.0 %. Reproducibility was < 2.5 % of the RSD value. The 18 marker compounds were stable within 16 h at $10^{\circ}C$, with the RSD value < 3.5 %. Quantitative analysis results showed that the quantities of the 18 marker compounds varied among OGT samples. Pearson coefficient evaluation and principal component analysis demonstrated that an OGT water extract produced by a laboratory method clearly differed from commercial OGT granules. Conclusions : The developed analytical method was simple, precise, and reliable. Therefore, it can be used for the quality assessment of OGT preparations.

Quality Assessment of Ijung-tang Preparations Using a HPLC Analysis (HPLC 분석법을 이용한 이중탕(理中湯) 제제의 품질평가)

  • Ha, Woo-Ram;Park, Jin-Hyung;Yun, Dong-In;Lee, Jang-Cheon;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : Ijung-tang (IJT) is a traditional herbal formula and has been used to treat digestive diseases such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. IJT consists of four herbal medicines, Ginseng radix, Atractylodis rhizoma alba, Zingiberis rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, containing various bioactive compounds. Quality assesment of IJT preparations was performed by analytical method for determining marker compounds.Methods : Determination of seven marker compounds in IJT preparations was quantitatively conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector. The marker compounds were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column and the analytical method was successfully validated. Chemometric analysis was performed to compare IJT water extracts and commercial IJT granules.Results : Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were in the ranges of 0.093-2.649 μg/mL and 0.283-8.027 μg/mL, respectively. Precisions were 0.30-3.87% within a day and 0.23-2.35% over three consecutive days. Recoveries of the marker compounds ranged from 87.35-107.05%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 6.15%. Repeatabilities were < 1.20% and < 1.71% of RSD value for retention time and absolute peak area, respectively. The results from quantitative analysis showed that the quantities of seven marker compounds of IJT samples varied, as were found in principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.Conclusions : The analytical method developed in the present study was precise and reliable to simultaneously determine marker compounds of IJT. Therefore, it can be used for the quality assessment of IJT preparations.

A Literature Review of Management on Radiodermatitis (방사선 피부염 치료법에 대한 문헌고찰)

  • Kwon, Mi Hye;Yoon, Jee-Hyun;Kim, Eun Hye;Lee, Jee Young;Yoon, Seong Woo
    • Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.11-24
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    • 2020
  • Objective : Radiodermatitis is a common sequelae in 95% of patients receiving radiation therapy, which is important to be well managed as it can affect the patient's quality of life as well as the cancer treatment schedule. The aim of this study is to review and summarize the interventions available for the treatment of acute radiodermatitis, including traditional Korean medicine, and to propose treatment algorithms for clinicians. Methods : To collect studies about managements for radiodermatitis, domestic and foreign database were used such as Korean journal of traditional knowledge portal (KTKP), Korean studies information service system (KISS), national discovery or science leaders (NDSL), and oriental medicine advance searching integrated system (OASIS), Pubmed, Google scholar and Scopus. Results : Thirty-two studies were selected. There were nine studies on usual care and dressing, eleven studies on chemical agents, two studies on biological preparations, and ten studies on herbal medicines. Conclusion : Hygienic options and dressings have proved to be useful in the management of radiodermatitis. Chemical agents such as corticosteroid, statin, and topical antibiotic agent have proved to alleviate symptoms and severity, regenerate damaged skin, and prevent secondary infection. In biological preparations, EGF (epidermal growth factor) and GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) could be used to protect skin and prevent radiodermatitis. For herbal medicines, Calendula, catechin, β-sitosterol, and Jaungo (紫雲膏) may be effective for symptoms including pain, itching, and burning sensation induced by radiation therapy. Because of some research with conflicting results, further studies are needed to propose an algorithm for more optimal treatments.

A Korean Medicine Literature Review on Acne External Medicines (여드름 외용제에 관한 한의학 문헌 고찰)

  • Lee, Won Yung;Kim, Dong Hee
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2017
  • As social interest in acne treatment has grown, various external preparations have been developed and studied. So, we investigated the external prescription which can treat acne in medical classics, then reviewed and divided it by dynasty. The data for analysis of Herbal formula was taken from 'medicine Dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions(中醫方劑大辭典)'. 31 external medicines were searched, 3 were before song(宋) dynasty, 11 were Song(宋) dynasty, 11 were Yuan(元) dynasty, 7 were Ming(明) dynasty and 7 were Qing(淸) dynasty. The recipe and usage were only making them pill(丸) and paste(膏) using grinded medicinal herbs, then rubbing to face. As the age developed, unique manufacturing process(i.e fermentation method), and usage(i.e time-based usage, herbal medicine extracts for wash) were proposed. The external application with oriental medicine for acne used with Angelicae Gahuricae Radix(n=12), Bletillae Rhizoma(n=8), Syzygii Flos, Saposhnikoviae Radix(n=7) and so on. In particular, Bletillae Rhizoma was searched with high frequency in this study, but it was not included or studied in patent composition. The results of this study will provide basic data for future experiments and clinical studies.

A case of Nummular Eczema Treatment Improved through Korean Medicine : Focus on Hwangryeonagyo-tang and Mahwangbujasesin-tang (한방치료를 통해 개선된 화폐상 습진 치험 1례 : 황련아교탕(黃蓮阿膠湯)과 마황부자세신탕(麻黃附子細辛湯)을 중심으로)

  • Jin, Han-Sol;Yoon, Hwa-Jung;Ko, Woo-Shin
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.89-100
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    • 2021
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Hwangryeonagyo-tang and Mahwangbujasesin-tang(《Shanghanlun》 prescription) on whole-body nummular eczema. Methods : We treated a female patient in her early twenties who has whole-body nummular eczema with Korean medicine. She was treated from 2020.10.8 to 2020.12.11. In this period, she received admission treatments twice because of the recurrence of the symptoms after the first admission. During the treatment, the two herbal medicines were changed depending on the patient's condition. 'Hwangryeonagyo-tang' and 'Mahwangbujasesin-tang' were used as herbal medicine. In addition, herbal external preparations and acupuncture treatment were also performed. The evaluation was conducted by photo comparison, VAS, and DLQI. Blood tests were also conducted for safety assessments. Results : After two months of treatment, the patient's condition improved. The itching and heat sensation decreased, and scabs were placed on the lesion of the eczema, reducing the oozing. VAS of itching decreased from 8 to 0. DLQI was also improved, and the stability of the herbal medicines for liver and kidney was also confirmed through blood tests. Conclusions : Hwangryeonagyo-tang and Mahwangbujasesin-tang helped relieve the itching and heat of eczema in currency. Therefore, it is believed that the proper use of thoes herbal medicine can be expected to have a useful effect on nummular eczema.