• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.442-450
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• 2016

This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of fermented Cheonggukjang extract using the new Strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1, which was first found on the surface of the node part of bamboo stems, but has been studied very little so far. Bacillus subtilis NG24, which is the traditional fermented strain of Cheonggukjang, was selected as the control group and a comparative analysis was performed. The experimental method included measurements of the antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and heat and pH stability. B. amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1 had stronger antimicrobial activity than B. subtilis NG24 against the gram-positive bacteria, C. perfringens and S. aureus and the gram-negative bacteria, A. faecalis and E. coli among the six species of pathogenic bacteria studied. When the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured, B. amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1 in C. perfringens, S. aureus, A. faecalis, and E. coli had an inhibitory effect at concentrations of 0.01 %, 0.21 %, 0.45 % and 0.29 %, respectively, compared to B. subtilis NG24. When the heat and pH stability was measured, B. subtilis NG24 and B. amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1 Cheonggukjang extract did not show any decrease in activity when held at a temperature of $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and at pH values ranging from 2 to 10 and were therefore considered to be relatively stable against heat and pH changes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2001

This study investigated consignment quantity and value of marine fishes consigned in Kunsan Harbor from 1993 to 1999. The total quantity of fishes consigned over seven years period was 194,531 tons (t), of which 31,632 t (16.3%) in 1994 was the largest, while 25,956 t (13.3%) in 1997 was the smallest. The total consignment value was 367,352,125 thousand won, of which 63,221,365 thousand won (17.2%) in 1996 was the highest, and 38,835,400 thousand won (10.6%) in 1999 the lowest. The group of fish that held the largest weight of consignment sale in Kunsan Harbor was croakers; their consignment quantity was 21,217 t. or 10.9% of all fishes, and their consignment value was 112,768,637 thousand won which is 30.7% of the total value. Fishes consigned in Kunsan Harbor were of great significance in the regional economy, as they comprised 74.7% of the consignment quantity and 76.4% of the consignment value of all marine fishes in Jeollabuk-do, although they came under very low weight as 3.1% of the consignment quantity and 4.2% of the consignment value of the total consignment sales of Korea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.239-254
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• 2006

The 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM was held at Kanazawa on June $16^{th}$. From Korea team, 4 papers were presented. Dr. Hahn introduced a new approach of data analysis on series of n-of-1 trials using the Bayesian statistics. It offered important information for the future n-of-1 trials. Dr. Park clearly demonstrated the significance of various sham devices proposed and stressed the importance of research questions when we choose the control intervention in RCT. Dr. Lee reported the results of survey in Korean Medical Doctors (KMD) for their point selection and techniques to the distal and local points. Dr. Kim presented the results of face to face survey on the KMD with 28 items for acupuncture treatment on the knee OA. Finally, a draft of protocol was introduced by Dr. Kim. The title was "multi-center, a randomized, single blinded, two arms, parallel-group study to compare the effectiveness and safety of 'individualized acupuncture' and 'standardized minimal acupuncture' in Korean and Japanese patients with knee osteoarthritis (Phase IV)". From Japan team, 7 speakers presented their comments and proposals on the protocol. Dr. Takahashi introduced several issues regarding n-of-1 trials and pointed out the importance of obtaining generalizability from n-of-1 trials. Dr. Shichidou pointed the importance of research design, selection of outcome measures and reduction of biases. Dr. Itoh presented the results of point selection for the knee OA based on the literature survey. Dr. Sumiya introduced several differences between KMD and Japanese acupuncturists based on the questionnaire used in KMD survey. Dr. Furuya demonstrated a result of press tack needle and its sham device on shoulder stiffness. Dr. Yamashita introduced the results of literature survey regarding adverse events occurred by acupuncture on knee OA. Dr.Tsukayama stressed the importance of responsibility of Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the conduction of clinical trials. After several issues were discussed, the need of continued meeting for final protocol development was agreed, then the workshop was closed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.284-323
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• 2007

This study aims to examine the relation between opinion perception and opinion expression by issue types by analyzing online poll results and respective bulletin boards. To find out how opinion poll results affect the public opinion perception cues and opinion expression through the internet, the study applied a method of content analysis to the online contents provided by Naver.com, one of the most popular portal sites in Korea. A total of four issue types, along with 2,250 messages were chosen for analysis. The study results revealed that internet users perceived opinion atmosphere through the poll results and expressed their opinions depending on the issue types. In case of an issue where majority views are manifested as online poll results, users tended to follow that majority views by retaining their initial opinion. Majority opinion by the poll results held a dominant position in bulletin board. The results partially support Noelle-Neuman(1994)'s spiral of silence theory in the context of computer-mediated communication contrary to the belief that anonymity in the cyberspace tends to encourage participation of minority opinion group. According to the findings, people when they perceive their opinion as that of minority are discouraged to express their views even when they are online.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Middle-aged women who have experienced the depression have been in pain for a long time. Depression in middle-aged women, which is rapidly increasing from their forties, has a problem that do not decrease in spite of various treatment methods. If the essential cause of depression in middle-aged women is due to the inability to detect the meaning of life because of the lack of the perception about the identity resulting from self-loss, a more qualitative research for a fundamental treatment method is required. The purpose of this study is to find out the essence and meaning of the experience of depression in middle-aged women and to help them to find their own selves through the process of individualization and to recover the whole health as well as to live as a self-transcendent being. Three Christian middle-aged women falling on critical and serious condition by BDI diagnosis were selected for the study. In-depth counseling and interviews were held from January to August 2018. In-depth counseling has provided detailed statements about the process of individualization of middle-aged women who have experienced depression, which applied 5 stages of Giorgi's Phenomenological Research Methodology. As a result, 261 semantic units and 11 sub-components were derived and structured by dividing them into two themes: depression experience and the process of individualization process, which are the subject group. This study has its significance in realizing essential meaning of pain by middle-aged women who experience depression and fundamentally preparing an opportunity to be cured through the process of individualization, as well as contributing for such middle-aged women to have abundant living by suggesting preventive measures to general middle-aged women who prepare for their old age.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.77-92
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• 2006

This paper is mainly deals and suggests about a brief history, an expansion and management of the pubic education program which is running by the university museum after careful analysis of the past and current public education program. There are 20 university museums which operate public education program inducing Seoul National University, Ehwa Women's University, Chungbuk National University and Yeungnam University, etc. Yeungnam University museum has been well running the public education program since l990. The public education program named museum university, museum class, culture class, that have been constantly changing and diversify the theme and education method. After careful analysis of the curriculum, it consists of the fields of archaeology, art history, folklore, anthropology, and modern arts. The programs are being held in the classroom and taking field trips to the related sites. Most of the lectures are given by the university professors and students are mainly mid-aged female. I found that the self evaluation and participant evaluation are insufficient for now. Education on demand program development is needed and also it is mandatory set up the curriculum opening committee. A good way to make the public education program is that to establish the sub-cormmitte talk group under KAUM and I feel keenly the necessity of the constant research on the public education program systematically. I guess it is worth to open a program for youth and weekend program for family.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.347-357
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• 1996

Although occupational low back pain accounts for $20\sim40%$ of all occupational illness and injury, there are limited numbers of studies regarding the effectiveness of back school program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of back school program for early return to work of occupational low back pain patients in the current occupational injury compensation and management system. The cost-benefit analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of benefit to cost. The total cost was estimated by calculating the value of components in back school program according to governmental budget protocol. The back school program was consisted of three major approaches, pain center, work-hardening program and funcional restoration program and each of components had various facilities and experts. The total amount of cost was estimated as 250,866,220 won per year. The most promising type of back school program were quite intensive (a 3 to 5-week stay in a specialized center), therefore, if we adopted the 5-week stay course, 10 courses could be held in a year. Following to the medical act, 20 patients per doctor could participate in a each course, ie, total 200 patients in a year. As a result, we could estimate the cost of 1,254,331 won a patient. We estimated the benefit by using data of a few local labor offices about average medical treatment beneficiary and off-duty beneficiary of 46 occupational low back pain patients in 1994. Ullman and Larsson (1977) mentioned that the group of chronic low back pain patients who participated in back school program needed less time to recover by 48.4% of beneficiary duration. And in the trying to estimate the benefit, we asked 10 rehabilitation board certificate doctors about reduction proportion of treatment cost by introducing back school program. The answered reduction proportions were in the range of $30\sim45%$, average 39%. As a final result, we could see that the introduction of back school program in treatment of chronic occupational low back pain patients could produce the benefit to cost ratio as 3.90 and 6.28. And we could conclude that the introduction of back school program was beneficial to current occupational injury compensation and management system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.167-178
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• 2007

This study is to examine the relationship between leisure constraints, participation in Sports for All and subjective happiness among private guards. To attain the goal of the study described above paragraphs, private guards held in Seoul were set as a collected group. Then, using cluster random sampling method, finally drewout and analyzed 193 peoples in total. The result of reliability analysis check up was here below; Chronbach's ${\alpha}=\;.725$. The conclusion drawn from this study is as follows: First, leisure constraints influences on the participation experience in Sports for All. Second, leisure constraints influences on the participation degree in Sports for All. The increase of leisure constraints in peripheral aspects results in the decrease of participation term of Sports for All. And the increase of leisure constraints in individual, peripheral aspects results in of participation intensity in Sports for All. Third, leisure constraints influences on subjective happiness. Fourth, leisure constraints results in the retributive effect on participation in Sports for All and subjective happiness. Namely, leisure constraints results in the indirect effect on subjective happiness through the participation in Sports for All is an important variable intermediating the relationship between leisure constraints and subjective happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Honolulu Strategy is a framework document to address marine debris issue globally. The Fifth International Marine Debris Conference held in March 2011 and organized by NOAA and UNEP catalyzed the development of the Holonulu Strategy. Goals of the Strategy are to reduce the amount and impact of land-based, sea-based, and accumulated marine debris. A set of strategies for each goal were provided for education and awareness, legislation, and alternative technologies. The Strategy also lists indicators that could be used to evaluate outcomes of strategies. The adoption of the Honolulu Strategy by the international community has led the international organizations such as GPA, IMO, and CBD to strengthen their responses to the marine debris issue. UN has also set up specific actions that will be implemented until 2025 through its resolutions on marine debris. Recent global developments related to the marine debris issue might lead to a change in the character of the international marine debris management from the current soft law regime to a mandatory one. The Honolulu Strategy could provide a guideline when the Korean government formulates the Second Basic Plan for Marine Debris Management, especially with its prevention-oriented approaches, utilization of scientific policy development tools, and adoption of evaluation system using performance indicators.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.645-661
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• 2009

The water extract of Dohongsamul-Tang(DHSMT) has been traditionally used to stroke and brain injuries in Oriental Medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DHSMT on the gene expression profile of cerebral infarction by cDNA microarray in photothrombotic ischemia mouse model. Photothrombotic ischemia was induced in stereotactically held male BALB/c mice using rose bengal and cold light. MRI was performed 24 hours after inducing photothrombosis using 1.5 T MRI and 47 mm surface coil to obtain T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced images. After MRI test, animal was sacrificed and the brain sections were stained for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. MRI and histological analysis revealed that lesion of thrombotic ischemia was well induced in the cortex with the evidence of biological courses of infarction. The target area of thrombotic infarction was 1 mm anterior to bregma and 3 mm lateral to midline with 2 mm in diameter, which were decreased by administration of DHSMT. To assess gene expression pattern of cerebral infarction, mRNA was isolated and reacted with microarray chip(Agilant's DNA Microarray 44K). Scatter and MA plot analysis were performed to clustering of each functional genes. M value [M=log2(R/G), A={log2(R ${\times}$ G)}/2] was between -0.5 and +0.5 with 40% difference. After pretreatment with DHSMT, the expression levels of mRNA of many genes involved in various signaling pathway such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, response to oxidative stress, immune response, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokine were markedly inhibited in photothrombotic ischemia lesion compared to the control group. These results suggest that DHSMT prevent ischemic death of brain on photothrombotic ischemia model of mice through modulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level.