• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of perceived value and satisfaction with employees' foodservice on loyalty intention. A total of 273 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to measure the mediating role of satisfaction in the causal relationships among perceived sacrifice, service quality, value, satisfaction, and loyalty intention. Results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The direct effects of perceived sacrifice and service quality on value were statistically significant. The direct effects of service quality and value on satisfaction were statistically significant. The direct effects of value and satisfaction on loyalty intention were statistically significant. The service quality had a significant indirect influence on loyalty intention through value and satisfaction. In addition, the value played a mediating role in the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. The satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationship between value and loyalty intention.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-76
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• 1994

Small area variations in health care utilization have long been studied as an important issue related to boto cost containment and quality assurance. This study was conducted to investigate if variations in hospital services across small geographic areas in Korea existed. The claims data of the fiscal year 1992 obtained from the regional health insurance societies were used for the study. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows : 1. Extremal Quotients(EQ) of hospital expenditure per capita and hospital days per capita varied among diagnosis types. The EQ ranged from 2.05(cataract) to 41.67(pneumonia) in hospital expenditure per capita and from 1.86(cataract) to 45.89(pneumonia) in hospital days per capita. The diagnosis groups which showed high variation were pneumonia, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, gastritis and duodenitis, fracture of rib, and acute bronchitis. Those which showed low variation were acute appendicitis and cataract. 2. The EQ level of admission rate was different in terms of diagnosis types, ranging from 2.57(catarct) to 44.45(pneumonia). The variations were high in medical disorders such as pneumonia, oephalo-pelvic disproportion, gastritis and duodenitis and acute bronchitis, while relatively low in surgical conditions such as acute appendicitis and cataract. 3. As an indicator of service intensity, the EQ of expenditure per admission ranged from 1.67(acute appendicitis) to 31.27(essential hypertension). The diagnoses which had high variation were essential hypertension, gastric ulcer, whereas those which had low variation were cephalopelvic disproportion and acute appendicitis. With regard to hospital days per admission, the EQ ranged from 1.55(acute appendicitis) to 28.13(gastric ulcer) by diagnosis types. The diagnosis groups with showed high variation were gastric ulcer, essential hypertension, and acute bronchitis, whereas those with low variation were cephalo-pelvic disproportion, intervertebral disc disorders, and acute appendicitis. Both the expenditure and hospital days per admission showed lewwer variations than the expenditure per capita, hospital days per capita and admission rate. 4. Comparing patterns of variation in utilization indices, diagnoses such as essential hypertension, gastric ulcer, fracture of rib showed higher variations in expenditure per admission than in admission rates, whereas diagnoses such as pneumonia, cephalo-pelvic disproportion and gastric ulcer showed higher variations in admission rate than expenditure per admission. These findings suggest that wide variations existed in several diagnoses groups across small areas in Korea. Further research should be performed to investigate factors related to small area variations including provider behavior.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate BTEX exposure to gas station service attendants and the critical affect of benzene and MtBE airborne concentration. Methods : the degree of exposure to airborne BTEX and MtBE was examined in the service attendants at seven gas stations across the country during a summer season. The TWAs(time-weighted averages) of atmospheric concentration of substances in personal and area samples, were calculated. The component ratio of BTEX and MtBE in the samples of bulk gasoline from each station studied was also measured. Results : The airborne concentrations of BTEX and MtBE showed a lognormal distribution and The TWA concentrations of benzene in personal samples from each station were 0.089 ppm - 0.18 ppm, and those of toluene were 0.097 ppm - 0.2 ppm. The average TWA concentrations of xylene and ethyl benzene was 0.03 ppm and 0.001 ppm, respectively. The TWA concentrations of MtBE were 0.4 ppm - 1.3 ppm. The volume concentrations of MtBE, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene in the bulk gasoline samples were 3 - 7.4 %, 3 - 12 %, 0.64 % and 1.5 - 10 %, respectively. Conclusions : The benzene concentration was detected to exceed the ACGIH threshold benzene level of 0.5 ppm, in one of 74 personal and area samples. MtBE, a substitute for aromatic compounds such as benzene in gasoline, was found to bring about a greater chance of exposure to carcinogen, due to its high vapor pressure and carcinogenicity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of comorbid sleep disorders (SD) on the incidence of cardiovascular complications among newly-diagnosed hypertension (HTN) patients. Methods: As study population, 124 057 newly-diagnosed essential HTN patients aged 30 or older, without cardiovascular complications at diagnosis with HTN, were selected from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The incidence of cardiovascular complications was calculated, Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk of complications, and the population attributable fraction (PAF) for cardiovascular complications of having comorbid SD at HTN diagnosis was calculated. Results: Over 10 years, 32 275 patients (26.0%) developed cardiovascular complications. In HTN patients with comorbid SD at diagnosis of HTN, the incidence of cardiovascular complications (78.3/1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 75.8 to 80.9) was higher than in those without comorbid SD (58.6/1000 person-years; 95% CI, 57.9 to 59.3) and the risk of cardiovascular complications was 1.21 times higher (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.25), adjusting for age, gender, income, area of residence, and comorbid diabetes mellitus. The PAF of having comorbid SD at diagnosis of HTN for the incidence of cardiovascular complications was 2.07% (95% CI, 1.69 to 2.44). Conclusions: Newly-diagnosed essential HTN patients aged 30 or older who had comorbid SD at the time of their HTN diagnosis had a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications than those without comorbid SD. Age, gender, income, area of residence, and comorbid diabetes mellitus had a significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular complications. Approximately 2% of cardiovascular complications were found to occur due to the presence of SD.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the general problems of school food service and to explore a way to improve it, by examining elementary school teacher's consciousness and attitude toward it that gave a big impact on children's development of food habit. For attaining the purpose, the following research questions were posed : 1) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service management? 2) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service effect on children? 3) What's elementary school teacher opinion about how to develop school food service? The subjects of study were 328 male or female teachers who served at elementary school in urban and rural area, including eup, myon, or farming and fishing villages, Kyonggi province. A questionnaire survey was conducted over them. The conclusions were as follows: 1) Teacher Attitude Toward School Food Service Management Concerning food service place, the subjects were more satisfied at food service room(73.3%) than at classroom(23.0%). They responded that food service room was more effective, than classroom, for food transportation, distribution and post-arrangement. Their satisfaction at food service place was significantly different. The older teachers considered personnel management and cooking room's sanitary management to be more efficient, and their age made a significant difference to their consciousness of these things. Many teachers(63.1%) thought the measures to prevent and manage group food poisoning were relatively efficient. The male teachers expressed more affirmative view on the efficiency of school food expense management and menu preparation than female teachers, and there was a significant disparity between male and female teachers. 2) Elementary School Food Service Effect School food service was thought to be very effective for physical growth(74.1%) and physical strength improvement(70.1%). Teachers at smaller school revealed more affirmative response toward school food service effect on correcting an unbalanced diet, and older teachers considered its effect on nutrition knowledge acquisition and learning outcome to be more great. Teachers at larger school put less value on its effect on table manners, and school size produced a significant difference. The number of teachers who thought school food service generally raised parent concern and support for school(36.6%) was a little more than that of teachers who didn't think so(15.2%). And the number of teachers who didn't consider its effect on improving parent food life to be good(29.3%) was slightly more than that of teachers who did. 3) School Food Service Reform Measure What's most urgently needed for better school food service management appeared to be an expansion of facilities concerned, followed by more effective food distribution and transport, cooking room's better sanitary management, more successful food poisoning prevention and management, more effective food expense management, and an increase of food service personnel in the order named. The most effective means of school food service education was found to be a creation of link system to family, followed by a development of school food service education program, a development of teaching materials, an insertion of school food service in curriculum, and teacher education in the order named.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2017

본 연구는 국민건강보험공단의 건강검진 및 장기요양인정조사 자료를 이용하여 100세 이상 고령자들의 신체적 및 정신적 건강수준을 알아보고, 그의 관련 요인을 규명해 보고자 시도하였다. 연구대상은 2011년부터 2014년까지의 기간 동안에 국민건강보험공단에서 시행하는 건강검진 및 장기요양인정조사를 받은 주민등록상의 100세 이상 고령자 268명(남성 132명, 여성 136명)으로 하였다. 연구결과, ADL에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성별, 거주 지역, IADL, 인지기능장애 및 치매가 유의한 변수로 선정되었으며, IADL에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 ADL과 인지기능장애가 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 인지기능장애에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 흡연상태, ADL 및 IADL이 유의한 변수로 선정되었으며, 치매에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성별, ADL이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 이상과 같은 연구결과는 조사대상자들의 신체적 건강(ADL, IADL) 및 정신적 건강(인지기능장애, 치매) 수준은 여러 인구사회학적 및 건강관련행위특성 변수에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이고 있으며, 특히 흡연, 음주 및 규칙적인 운동 등과 같은 건강관련행위특성이 좋지 않은 군은 좋은 군보다 신체적 및 정신적 건강수준이 저하되고 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2014

Backgrounds: Endotoxin, which found in the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria cell wall, makes up almost all of the lipopolysaccharide(LPS). When people are exposed to endotoxin,it can result in diverse health effects such as an airway irritation and inflammation, fever, malaise, bronchitis, allergic asthma, toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity lung disease. Cases among the elderly, children or pregnant can occur more frequently than a healthy adult if they are repeatedly exposed to the existing endotoxin. Therefore, we investigated and assessed the environmental characteristics associated with the airborne endotoxin concentration level in six hospital lobbies. Method: Endotoxin from indoor air in six hospital lobbies was measured by an area sampling method and analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials International(ASTM international) E2144-01. Total suspended particulate(TSP), carbon dioxide($CO_2$), temperature and humidity were also measured by using direct reading measurements or airborne sampling equipment at the same time. Environmental characteristics were appropriately divided into two or three groups for a statistics analysis. One-way analysis variable(one-way ANOVA) was used to examine a difference of the endotoxin concentration, depending on the environmental characteristics. In addition, only variables with p-value(p<0.25) were eventually designed to the best model by using multiple regression analysis. Results: The correlation analysis result indicated that TSP(p=0.003) and $CO_2$(p<0.0001) levels were significantly associated with endotoxin concentration levels. In contrast, temperature(p<0.068) and humidity(p<0.365) were not associated with endotoxin concentration. Levels of endotoxin concentration were statistically different among the environmental characteristics of Service time(p=0.01), Establishment of hospital(p<0.001), Scale of hospital(p=0.01), Day average people using hospital(p=0.03), Cleaning time of lobby(p=0.05), Season(p<0.001), and Cleaning of ventilation system(p<0.001) according to ANOVA. Finally, the best model(Adjusted R-square=72%) that we designed through a multiple regression test included environmental characteristics related to Service time, Area of lobby, Season, Cleaning of ventilation system, and Temperature. Conclusions: According to this study, our result showed a normal level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies and found environmental management methods to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration to a minimum. Consequently, this study recognized to be requirement for the management of ventilation systems and an indoor temperature in order to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

This study classifies the marketing mix of LASIK eye surgery clinics into 7Ps, examines the influence of each factor of 7Ps(product, place, price, promotion, process, people and physical evidence) on customer satisfaction, and investigates the effect of customer satisfaction on trust and relationship commitment. Survey of 500 patients who received surgeries in 3 eye clinics in Busan area was conducted through self-administered questionnaires, and, with this data, path analysis was performed to estimate the study model. Main result showed that, among 7Ps, product, price, promotion, people and physical evidence had significant positive effect on customer satisfaction which, in turn, had significant positive effect on trust and relationship commitment. Also, it was found that trust positively affected relationship commitment. This result would be considered helpful in medical institution's efforts to establish trust on customer satisfaction and maintain relationship commitment. It also implies that, in order to enhance competitiveness in increasingly competitive medical market, establishment of proper marketing strategy is urgently required where the determinants of customer satisfaction are effectively administered and ultimate relationship commitment of customers based on trust can be maintained and enhanced.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2008

Purpose: Using comprehensive and valid instrument, MDS-HC 2.0, this study aimed to analyze the functional status and to evaluate the care needs of the community-dwelling disabled with cerebral impairment. Method: With a convenient sample of 88 disabled with cerebral impairment, the data were collected at a community health center located in rural area in Choongchung providence in August 2005. Subject's functional status and care needs were evaluated using Minimum Data Set-Home Care version 2.0. Result: Significant proportion of subjects were totally dependent for locomotion-outdoor (26.1%), personal hygiene (24.1%), bathing (24.1%). For IADLs, over 40% of subjects were totally dependent for ordinary house work, managing finances, or shopping. Top five ranked care needs were preventive health care measures (100%), communication disorders (71.6%), visual function (55.7%), health promotion (52.3%), and pressure ulcers (48.9%). The proportion of triggered clinical assessment protocols were significantly higher in disability level I group for the risk of institutionalization (p=<.001), communication disorders (p=.004), cognitive problems (p=.001), pressure ulcers (p=<.001), skin and foot conditions (p=.010), and urinary incontinence and indwelling catheters (p=<.001). Conclusions: It is necessary to provide community based rehabilitation services that are individualized for their service needs thus enhance optimal level of functioning.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2014

This study attempted to provide some implications for human resource management of health services organizations by investigating the influence of job rotation on motivation and organizational commitment. For empirical analysis, a study model based on literature review of previous researches was developed, and a survey was conducted for the employees of 8 hospitals located in Busan area. In processing the data, frequency analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Main results of empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: First, procedure of job rotation, did not significantly affect tissue immersion and stimulation, but effect of job rotation, has been found to provide a significant effect. Second, motivation was shown to have a significant influence on emotional and normative commitments, sub-factors of organizational commitment variable. In conclusion, suggest that intentions and opinions of the organizational members need to be actively reflected in job rotations of which the effect can be maximized when they are regularly and reasonably implemented.