• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2016

Areca nut (AN) chewing is a habit in many countries in Central, Southern, and Southeast Asia. It is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer as well as systemic inflammation. However, the association between AN intake and the development of gastric lesions has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AN on gastric diseases using a mouse model for Helicobacter pylori infection. We studied four groups of mice: those fed a normal diet (ND), those fed a diet containing 2.5% AN (AD), those fed ND and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (ND/HP), and those fed AD and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (AD/HP). Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly during the experiments. At 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the stomach weight, H. pylori colonization, and gastric inflammation were evaluated. The stomach weight had increased significantly in the ND/HP and AD/HP groups along with increases in H. pylori colonization; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to stomach weight and colonization. On histological grading, mononuclear cell infiltration was severer in the AD/HP group than in the ND/HP group. These data suggest that chronic gastric inflammation was aggravated by AN treatment in the mice with H. pylori-induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, as previously suggested, this animal model is useful to determine the effect of potential carcinogens on gastric lesions induced by H. pylori infection.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2002

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) may be released from plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) articles. In the cases of various methods for the quantitative analysis of migrating DEHP, there are much differences in migrating quantity according to the experimental methods. It is therefore important to make the comparison and analysis between these two results. A study of DEHP migration from blood and infusion bags has been carried out in different methods to evaluate the amount of DEHP migration using gas chromatograph and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Five PVC bags were cut into plane sheets in size of $40{\times}10{\times}0.4mm$, then were immersed in extraction solvent for an hour to release DEHP. It was determined by a gas chromatograph that $23.2{\sim}70.9{\mu}g/mL$ of DEHP was extracted. While extraction solvent was injected into PVC bags which were then placed for an hour to leach DEHP out. It was checked by a UV-vis spectrophotometer that the concentration of DEHP in extraction solvent was $24.8{\sim}41.3{\mu}g/mL$. Two results show different values according to the extraction conditions and experimental methods and the gas chromatographic results were converted into UV-vis spectroscopic results on condition that DEHP would be extracted equally per unit time and unit contact area. It was concluded that DEHP migrating amounts are approximately equal in two analytical methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.520-525
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• 2014

Purpose: Childhood obesity is an increasing public health issue worldwide. We examined dietary patterns among adolescents in a dormitory school, identified obese adolescents and tried to intervene to improve food habits and physical activity. Methods: We conducted an experimental prospective longitudinal study based on 36 obese (body mass index $[BMI]{\geq}95th$ percentile) adolescents (aged 12-18 years) compared with controls (healthy children: normal age-appropriate BMI ($BMI{\leq}85th$ percentile). Six months' intervention included lifestyle-modification counseling (once a week by a clinical dietician), and an exercise regimen twice a week, 60 minutes each time, instructed by a professional pediatric trainer). Both groups underwent baseline measurements at the beginning of the study and 6 months later (arterial stiffness, blood pressure, pulse, weight and height, hemoglobin, creatinine, liver enzymes, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and complete lipid profile). Results: Twenty-one participants completed the study. Low compliance from participants, school staff and parents was observed (participation in planned meetings; 71%-83%). BMI significantly decreased from $32.46{\pm}3.93kg/m^2$ to $30.32{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$ (P=0.002) in the study group. Arterial stiffness was not significantly different between the 2 groups and did not change significantly after 6 months' intervention (P=0.494). No significant changes in CRP and lipid profile were observed after the intervention. Conclusion: Making lifestyle modifications among adolescents in a dormitory school is a complex task. Active intervention indeed ameliorates BMI parameters. However, in order to maximize the beneficial effects, a multidisciplinary well-trained team is needed, with emphasis on integrating parents and the school environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1201-1209
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and to evaluate its effects on serum cholesterol level. One-hundred-twenty bacterial colonies were initially isolated from human feces, and five strains were selected after screening based on their resistance to acids, tolerance against bile salts, and inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli. The Lactobacillus plantarum strain with the highest level of BSH activity was identified using 16S rRNA sequences, and was named L. plantarum CK 102. L. plantarum CK 102 at a level of 1.36$\times$10$^8$cfu/ml survived in pH 2 buffer for 6 h and exhibited excellent tolerance for bile salt. Coculturing the strain with E. coli in MRS broth resulted in strong inhibition against growth of E. coli at 18 h. Furthermore, the potential effect of CK 102 on serum cholesterol level was evaluated in rats. Thirty-two rats [Sprague-Dawley (SD) male, 129$\pm$l g, 5 weeks old] were divided into four groups of eight each. For six weeks, Group 1 was fed a normal diet (negative control); Group 2 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (positive control); Group 3 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet plus L. plantarum CK 102 at 1.0$\times$10$^7$cfu/ml; and Group 4 was fed a cholesterol-enriched diet plus L. plantarum CK 102 at 5.0$\times$10$^7$cfu/ml. Blood samples were collected, serum lipids were analyzed, and weights of the organs were measured. Total blood cholesterol level, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and free-cholesterol values were lower in rats that were fed 1. plantarum CK 102 than in those not fed L. plantarum CK 102. This cholesterol lowering effect implies that L. plantarum CK 102 could be utilized as an additive for health-assistance foods. In conclusion, these results suggest that the 1. plantarum CK 102 isolated could be used commercially as a probiotic.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 1989

As the final experiment to assess the possibility of industrial application of FSC14-75, ethanol productivity from liquefied sweet potato starch was examined in a pilot scale of 300 liters. FSC14-75 produced 6.6％(v/v) of ethanol from 13.3％ of liquefied sweet potato starch in 8 days, and the residual sugar was 3.15％. The corresponding efficiency was 70％ of the theoretical maximum. Since we could isolate unicellular cell and flocculent cell from the fermentation broth, we designated them FSC14-75(S) and FSC14-75(F), respectively. We investigated ethanol productivity of FSC14-75(F) compared with that of FSC14-75(S) from liquefied potato starch in a mini·tar tormentor scale of 2.5 liters. FSC14-75(F) was found more favorable than the counterpart in terms of ethanol productivity, and produced 8.1％(v/v) of ethanol from 15％ of liquefied potato starch with an efficiency of 75％. In a pilot scale fermentation with 15％ of liquefied sweet potato starch, ethanol productivity of FSC14-75(F) reached maximum level of 7.7％(v/v) after 8 days, and the residual sugar was 1.9％. However, the ethanol productivity was not enhanced by a supplementary addition of Thermamyl to the fermentation broth after sterilization.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.472-484
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to prove a possibility which contributes the globalization of Korean dining and its potential in perceptions from international visitors about images of LOHAS they have. The main study results as follows. There were three subordinate concepts; health, eco-friendly, and substantiality. Second, perceived value noticeably affected the satisfaction of korean restaurant. respectively, the satisfaction of korean restaurant also noticeably affected customer loyalty. This research suggested academic implications of contributable view on foodservice management and tourism study based on the result from Japanese visitors with their Perceived value and domestic restaurant customer loyalty toward Korean dining LOHAS. This study also suggests the implication of the globalization of Korean dining and taking a position as a supporter of the globalization plan from korean dining foundation. Additionally, this study intended to present capable contribution based on the results of study with related proposals of globalization of Korean dining, Korea in-bound tour, and its interagency.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of iontophoresis on transdermal delivery of procaine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers, as well as to the synergic effect of high voltage current or ultrasound on the efficacy of transdermal delivery of iontophoresis. Forty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups topical application group (TA), iontophoresis group (IT), pre-treatment of high voltage current stimulation with iontophoresis (HVS + IT), and pre-treatment of ultrasound application with iontophoresis (US + IT). All subjects received procaine iontophoresis on the forearm using direct current with 4 mA f3r 15 minutes. All subject was measured the duration of local anesthesia, pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold using rectangular wave at 0.2 ms, 1 ms, 50 ms of rectangular current stimulation after procaine iontophoresis. For comparisons of the sensory characteristics and efficacy of iontophoresis between the groups, an one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The significant difference the duration of local anesthesia were found between the groups (p<0.001). The local anesthetic duration of IT, HVS+IT were significantly longer than TA. Meanwhile, the local anesthetic duration of US+IT was significantly longer than HVS+IT, IT and TA group (p<0.05). Also, the pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold at 0.2 ms, 1 ms, 50 ms were significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). All sensory characteristics including pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold of IT, HVS+IT was significantly increased than TA, whereas, US+1T was significantly increased HVS+1T, IT and TA (p<0.05). This study showed that the procaine iontophoresis have increase the duration of local anesthesia concomitantly pressure pain threshold and pain perception threshold of sensory nerve fibers such as $A-{\beta}$, $A-{\delta}$ and C fiber. This findings suggest that the iontophoresis enhanced the transdermal delivery of drug ions in vivo. The combination of ultrasound application and iontophoresis synergized the transdermal delivery of drug ions. It is suggests that an electric field, mechanical and heating property of ultrasound may contribute to synergic effect due to temporary changes of structure in the stratum corneum.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2018

In order to utilize health food chick bean as a raw material for cosmetics, the skin improvement effect of a mask pack made of chickpea Natto fermented with Bacillus subtilis Natto strain was studied. Powder obtained by lyophilization of chickpea Natto was applied to a facial mask pack as a paste formulation. This Natto pack was applied to subjects in their 50s and 60s to investigate their effect on skin improvement. As the number of treatments of Natto pack increased, the skin was improved and the improvement effect was remarkable after 4 treatments. After four times treatments, moisture content and sebaceous secretion increased by $8.4{\pm}3.6%p$ and $4.0{\pm}2.3%p$, respectively. Skin pores and wrinkles were also decreased by $1.8{\pm}0.3%p$ and $1.8{\pm}0.9%p$, respectively. Skin pigmentation decreased by $1.3{\pm}0.2%p$ and skin tone also increased from 55.2% to 55.9%. These results indicate that Natto product obtained by fermenting chickpea has the effect of improving skin such as moisturizing, pore, wrinkle, pigmentation, sebum secretion and skin tone, and can be used as a raw material for various functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.450-460
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• 1992

The study was performed to investigate the effect of corn bran as a fiber source on the utilization of thiamin niacin and pantothenic acid in human subjects for 8 weeks. Four different corn bran diets were fed : dry milled fine(DF) dry milled coarse(DC) wet milled fine(WF) and wet milled coarse(WC) Basal diet no corn bran bread added was employed as a control Apparent recovery of each B complex vitamin in urine was estimated to evaluate the vitamin and compared. The utilziation of three B vitamins was affected by the corn bran treatment. Dry milled corn bran had a higher recovery rate of thiamin(dry milled : 233% wet milled : 1.70%) than those receiving wet milled corn bran. Similar recovery pattern of niacin(dry milled : 1.94% wet milled : 1.50%) to that of thiamin was also observed. Particle size seemed to affect the vitamin utilization regardless of type of corn bran. Coarse bran gave a lower recovery value than fine corn bran in genreral. For pantothenic acid the recovery of the vitamin was affected to a greater extent by particle size of corn bran than by type of corn bran milling(fine: 60.22% coarse : 51.51%) Groups consuming wet milled corn bran\ulcorner(5`.57%) excreted more NDF than those fed dry milled corn bran(42.29%) Dry milled corn bran showed little or no water holding capacity poor fecal bulking properties and increased fecal transit time. The results suggest that corn bran supplementation exerts an negative effect on three B vitamin utilization.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.476-484
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• 1992

The influence of selenuium deficiency and fish oil on lipid peoxidation status and fatty acid composition of tissues(plasma aorta and liver) was studied. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for eight weeks semipurified diets containing 7% corn oil(by weight) or 5, 5% fish oil(MaxEPA) plus 1.5% corn oil with oil with or without selenium status (glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels) were significantly lower in the rats given inadequate selenium in plasma aorta (p<0.02 and p<0.001 respectively) gut not that in plasma Selenium supplementation decreased hepatic MDA levels(p<0.02) Increases in the levels of 20:5(n-3) 22:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) 20:3(n-6) and a decrease in the level of 20:4(n-6) were observed in plasma total lipids and aortic and hepatic phospholipids when fish oil was fed. Though selenium supplementation increased the level of n-3 fatty acids(such as 22:6(n-3)) in plsama and the aorta is overall effect was smaller than the effect of fish oil feeding. These data suggest that selenium may play a significant but minor role in protecting against lipid peroxide-tion even when vitamin E intakes are in excess of current recommendations in both corn oil and fish oil diets.