• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.315-326
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• 2023

The design principles and implementation of rebar lap splice in architectural structures are governed by building regulations. Nevertheless, the minimization of rebar-cutting waste (RCW) is often impeded by the mandatory requirements pertaining to the rebar lapping zone as prescribed in design codes. In real-world construction scenarios, compliance with these rules often falls short due to hurdles concerning productivity, quality, safety, time, and cost. This discrepancy between code stipulations and on-the-ground construction practices necessitates an academic exploration. The goal of this research was to delve into the effect of rebar lap splice placement on the robustness and constructability of building edifices. The study initially took on a review of the computation of rebar lapping length and the rules revolving around the lapping zone. Following this, a structural robustness and constructability examination was undertaken, focusing on adherence to the lap splice zone. The interpretations and deductions of the research led to the following insights: (1) the efficacy of rebar lap splice is not solely contingent on the moment, and (2) the implementation of rebar lap splice beyond the specified zone can match the structural integrity and robustness of those confined within the designated area. As a result, the constraints on the rebar lapping zone ought to be revisited and possibly relaxed. The conclusions drawn from this research are anticipated to reconcile the disconnect between building codes and practical construction conditions, furnishing invaluable academic substantiation to further the endeavor of achieving near-zero RCW.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.135-146
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• 2023

An effective educational program warrants the inclusion of an innovative construction which enhances the higher education efficacy in such a way that accelerates the achievement of desired results and reduces the risk of failures. Educational Decision Support System (EDSS) has currently been a hot topic in educational systems, facilitating the pupil result monitoring and evaluation to be performed during their development. Insufficient information systems encounter trouble and hurdles in making the sufficient advantage from EDSS owing to the deficit of accuracy, incorrect analysis study of the characteristic, and inadequate database. DMTs (Data Mining Techniques) provide helpful tools in finding the models or forms of data and are extremely useful in the decision-making process. Several researchers have participated in the research involving distributed data mining with multi-agent technology. The rapid growth of network technology and IT use has led to the widespread use of distributed databases. This article explains the available data mining technology and the distributed data mining system framework. Distributed Data Mining approach is utilized for this work so that a classifier capable of predicting the success of students in the economic domain can be constructed. This research also discusses the Intelligent Knowledge Base Distributed Data Mining framework to assess the performance of the students through a mid-term exam and final-term exam employing Multi-agent system-based educational mining techniques. Using single and ensemble-based classifiers, this study intends to investigate the factors that influence student performance in higher education and construct a classification model that can predict academic achievement. We also discussed the importance of multi-agent systems and comparative machine learning approaches in EDSS development.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.579-588
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• 2023

Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous mesenchymal neoplasms originating from the bone or soft tissues, which pose significant treatment challenges. The current standard treatment for sarcomas consists of surgical resection, often combined with chemo- and radiotherapy; however, local recurrence and metastasis remain significant concerns. Although immunotherapy has demonstrated promise in improving long-term survival rates for certain cancers, sarcomas are generally considered to be relatively less immunogenic than other tumors, presenting substantial challenges for effective immunotherapy. In this review, we examine the possible opportunities for sarcoma immunotherapy, noting cancer testis antigens expressed in sarcomas. We then cover the current status of immunotherapies in sarcomas, including progress in cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cellular therapy and their potential in combating these tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of immunotherapies in sarcomas, including a low tumor mutation burden and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and explore potential strategies to tackle the immunosuppressive barriers in therapeutic interventions, shedding light on the development of effective and personalized treatments for sarcomas. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and potential of immunotherapies in sarcoma treatment, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for developing effective therapies to improve the outcomes of patients with these rare malignancies.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1087-1110
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• 2023

The growing demand for sustainable food production and the rising consumer preference for fresh, healthy, and safe food products have been driving the need for innovative methods for processing and preserving food. In the meat industry, this demand has led to the development of new interventions aimed at extending the shelf life of meats and its products while maintaining their quality and nutritional value. Cold plasma has recently emerged as a subject of great interest in the meat industry due to its potential to enhance the microbiological safety of meat and its products. This review discusses the latest research on the possible application of cold plasma in the meat processing industry, considering its effects on various quality attributes and its potential for meat preservation and enhancement. In this regard, many studies have reported substantial antimicrobial efficacy of cold plasma technology in beef, pork, lamb and chicken, and their products with negligible changes in their physicochemical attributes. Further, the application of cold plasma in meat processing has shown promising results as a potential novel curing agent for cured meat products. Understanding the mechanisms of action and the interactions between cold plasma and food ingredients is crucial for further exploring the potential of this technology in the meat industry, ultimately leading to the development of safe and high-quality meat products using cold plasma technology.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1968-1985
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• 2024

At present, the world is witnessing a rapid change in all the fields of human civilization business interests and goals of all the sectors are changing very fast. Global changes are taking place quickly in all fields - manufacturing, service, agriculture, and external sectors. There are plenty of hurdles in the emerging technologies in agriculture in the modern days. While adopting such technologies as transparency and trust issues among stakeholders, there arises a pressurized necessity on food suppliers because it has to create sustainable systems not only addressing demand-supply disparities but also ensuring food authenticity. Recent studies have attempted to explore the potential of technologies like blockchain and practices for smart and sustainable agriculture. Besides, this well-researched work investigates how a scientific cum technological blockchain architecture addresses supply chain challenges in Precision Agriculture to take up challenges related to transparency traceability, and security. A robust registration phase, efficient authentication mechanisms, and optimized data management strategies are the key components of the proposed architecture. Through secured key exchange mechanisms and encryption techniques, client's identities are verified with inevitable complexity. The confluence of IoT and blockchain technologies that set up modern farms amplify control within supply chain networks. The practical manifestation of the researchers' novel blockchain architecture that has been executed on the Hyperledger network, exposes a clear validation using corroboration of concept. Through exhaustive experimental analyses that encompass, transaction confirmation time and scalability metrics, the proposed architecture not only demonstrates efficiency but also underscores its usability to meet the demands of contemporary Precision Agriculture systems. However, the scholarly paper based upon a comprehensive overview resolves a solution as a fruitful and impactful contribution to blockchain applications in agriculture supply chains.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the supply chain issues in the palm oil industry in Malaysia and by proposing a comprehensive and strategic plan. Research design, data and methodology: Through meticulous qualitative analysis, we have identified the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) affecting the Malaysian palm oil supply chain. Leveraging the SWOT-Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), we have critically assessed a range of strategies. Results: Our findings have underscored the supply chain's robust infrastructure and efficient operations as significant strengths, while environmental impact and distribution concerns emerged as notable weaknesses. The study highlights the promotion of certified sustainable palm oil to meet global demands as the most promising opportunity, juxtaposed against stricter regulations hampering market access as the primary threat. Remarkably, the QSPM has singled out the activation of existing infrastructure as the top priority. Conclusions: This study contributes substantially to the field by offering an in-depth analysis and improvement blueprint specifically tailored to the palm oil supply chain. In light of prevailing negative perceptions, distribution campaigns, and trade hurdles, businesses can harness the strategic insights presented here to unlock the full potential of the supply chain and steer it towards sustainable prosperity.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.151-200
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• 2018

At the Davos Forum in 2016, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a reference to cloud Schwab, is dramatically changing our lives, and at its height, self-driving cars are emerging as the talk of the day. But there are still many hurdles to overcome before the nation can successfully introduce and establish self-driving cars. In particular, it is necessary to change the paradigm of the legal system centered on human beings to one that includes artificial intelligence. The stable operation of the self-driving car era requires drastic changes to the people-centric legislation system. That is, it is necessary to collect information on the total number of drivers of self-driving cars (what is available), general vehicles on general roads, civil and criminal liability issues in the event of traffic accidents, and collection of insurance problems concerning autonomous driving vehicles. In this study, a separate bill was proposed to address the various legal issues arising from the operation of self-driving cars from a legislative perspective by considering the domestic laws related to road transport, the current state of legislation on foreign soil and legal issues related to self-driving cars.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.163-179
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• 2008

It is no longer an issue that there is a big audience for Korean movies. More than 120 Korean movies are made each year. Many win prizes at film festivals around the world. But the number of animation movies made in Korea is decreasing even though the government tried to revitalize the animation industry in the mid-1990s. The problem is that all Korean animation movies were box-office failures, even though "Mary's Story" and "Oseam" were awarded prizes in world-famous animation festivals. Korean animation movies also face hurdles because of different cultural tastes of Korean audiences and problems with distribution. But there is a tremendous amount of potential and possibilities for Korean animation movies to be box-office blockbusters and artistic successes. There are ways to develop and revitalize the Korean animation industry and make it of the most important businesses and cultural influences in Korean society.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 1988

Lipases are well known as the enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds combining aliphatic chains and glycerol on mono-, di- and triglycerides. Their reactions are characterized by be-ing heterogeneous and catalyzing the water-insoluble substrates. This property has been one of the Hurdles which delayed the application of lipases in fats and oils industry, However, with the development of biological reaction system of which organic solvent is introduced in part or whole as the reaction media, enzymatic manipulation of fats and oils is attracting increasing attention from the academic and industrial sectors. Trials in two-phase system and reversed micellar system to produce fatty acids through enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides preyed to be efficient in respect to volumetric productivity, fat hydrolysis rate, product separation, etc. In organic solvent system lipases have been found to have the ability to catalyze aminolysis, transesterification, esterification, thiotransesterification and oximolysis that are virtually impossible to catalyze in water. The organic solvent system is being extensively used in interesterifying glycerides to produce a fat with the modified physical and chemical nature.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.121-140
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• 2006

This study has explored a number of problems arising from distribution restrictions and the ways to improve efficiency. As matters stand, since the cooperation between larger stores and local retailers is limited due to the nature of the market, the current situations call for bottom up restrictions such as the active promotion of smaller merchants and traditional marketplaces, the enhancement of the competitiveness of smaller merchants and manufacturers through the establishment of a customized consulting support program for individual shops, and the continual support for traditional marketplaces with facilities and management modernization. The government should maintain the optimal balance between the efficiency and effectiveness of the distribution industry through such bottom up restrictions as shown above, rather than the top down restrictions primarily relying on the hurdles to the establishment of stores. The problems raised in this study include: (i) the decline of traditional marketplaces and the alleged over saturation of stores; (ii) the possible abuse of indiscreet restrictive measures; (iii) the harmful effects of the monopoly or oligopoly by larger distributors; and (iv) the lack of systematic programs to promote development. The ways to improve efficiency are: (i) the establishment of the policies to specialize and nurture traditional marketplaces; (ii) the effort to prevent the injury arising from monopoly; (iii) the two tire strategies for the coexistence of larger and smaller businesses; and (iv) the administration of joint sales promotion and training.