• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.631-641
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• 2021

Background: Main bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions of ripened red ginseng berry (Panax ginseng Meyer) have been frequently reported. Yet, the research gap targeting the beneficial activities of transformed green ginseng berries has not reported elsewhere. Methods: Ginsenosides of new green berry cultivar K-1 (GK-1) were identified by HPLC-QTOF/MS. Ginsenosides bioconversion in GK-1 by bgp1 enzyme was confirmed with HPLC and TLC. Then, mechanisms of GK-1 and β-glucosidase (bgp1) biotransformed GK-1 (BGK-1) were determined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot. Results: GK-1 possesses highest ginsenosides especially ginsenoside-Re amongst seven ginseng cultivars including (Chunpoong, Huangsuk, Kumpoong, K-1, Honkaejong, Gopoong, and Yunpoong). Ginseng root's biomass is not affected with the harvest of GK-1 at 3 weeks after flowering period. Then, Re is bioconverted into a promising pharmaceutical effect of Rg2 via bgp1. According to the results of cell assays, BGK-1 shows decrease of tyrosinase and melanin content in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone challenged-murine melanoma B16 cells. BGK-1 which is comparatively more effective than GK-1 extract shows significant suppression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and inflammatory target genes, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: These results reported effective whitening and anti-inflammatory of BGK-1 as compared to GK-1.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2007

Sweat contents were investigated for using those data to forensic purpose. The experiments of identifying sweat contents were as follow: 1) measurement of amino acids (aspartic acid, serine, glycine etc) by HPLC, 2) anions ($Cl^-$, $F^-$, and $SO{_4}^{2-}$) by IC and 3) trace elements (Cu, Zn, Li, B, etc.) by ICP-MS. Amino acid contents in sweat are varied with individual samples and glycine, threonine, alanine, valine and histidine are detected as the prime one. The detected anions are $Cl^-$(2167~4073 ppm) and $F^-$(454~582 ppm) mostly. Trace elements of Rb, Zn and Cu are detected and those concentrations are relatively very high. The compositions of sweat can be influenced by various factors (diet, anthropometric, characteristics, physical fitness, age, gender and the state of the health).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2016

An analytical method was developed for the determination of oxathiapiprolin in agricultural commodities. Oxathiapiprolin is a new oomycide (fungicide of piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline class) which controls downy mildew in cucurbits caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (oomycete plant pathogen). Agricultural commodities were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane to remove the interference, adjusting pH between 9 and 10 by 1 N sodium hydroxide. After purification by silica SPE cartridge to clean up the interference of organic compounds, they were finally quantified by HPLC-UVD (high performance liquid chromatograph ultraviolet detector) using a wavelength at 260 nm and confirmed by LC-MS (liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer) in electro-spray ionization positive ion mode. The standard calibration curve was linear with coefficients of determination ($r^2$) 1.00 over the calibration ranges (0.025-2.5 mg/L). Recoveries were ranged between 86.7 to 112.7%, with relative standard deviations less than 10% at three concentration levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, and 50LOQ) performing five replicates. The overall results were determined and estimated according to the CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL40). The proposed method for determination of oxathiapiprolin residues in agricultural commodities can be used as an official method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2013

This study was carried out to validate the safety of ametoctradin residues in agricultural commodities by developing an official analysis method. An analytical method was developed and validated using HPLC-PDA detectors. The samples were extracted with methanol, subsequently partitioned with dichloromethane and purified with florisil column chromatograph using acetone/hexane (30/70, v/v) as solvent. The method was validated by using grape, hulled rice, mandarin, and potato spiked with ametoctradin at 0.05 and 5.0 mg/kg, and pepper at 0.05 and 2.0 mg/kg. Average recoveries were 76-114.8% with relative standard deviation less than 10%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.0125 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The result of recoveries and overall coefficient of variation of the laboratory results from Gwangju regional Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Daejeon regional FDA was accorded with Codex Alimentarius Commission Guideline (CAC/GL 40). Based on these results, this method was found to be appropriate for ametoctradin residue determination and can be used as the official method of analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.641-644
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• 2001

This study was performed for development of new analytical method of monascus pigments in foods. In this method, analysis of monascus pigment in foods has been carried out by detection of monascin and ankaflavin of the main color component of monascus pigment as indicator compounds. Monascin and ankaflavin were isolated and identified by TLC, HPLC, Prep. HPLC, $^{1}H-NMR$ and Mass spectrophotometer. The analysis of monascin and ankaflavin in foods such as massal, sausage, mixed press ham, mixed fish sausage, semi-dried sausage and syrup was performed by using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatograph with Capcell Pak C18 column at wave length 390 nm. The quantitative results of monascin were as follows : $0.01{\sim}3.31\;{\mu}g/g$ item in massal, $0.05{\sim}0.10\;{\mu}g/g$ in mixed fish sausage, and $0.34{\sim}0.35\;{\mu}g/g$ in semi-dried sausage. But the quantitative results of ankaflavin were as follows: $0.02{\sim}0.89\;{\mu}g/g$ in massal, ankaflavin were not founded in other samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2010

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were obtained by a polymerization reaction of epichlorohydrin (ECH) with bisphenol A (BPA) or bisphenol F (BPF). These compounds are commonly used as monomers or additives such as a polymerization stabilizer and a hydrochloric acid scavenger of epoxy resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing organosols and polyester lacquers, that are applied to the internal surface of most canned foods to impart chemical resistance. The unreacted BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products migrating from epoxy resin, PVC-containing organosol and/or polyester lacquer-based food packaging materials into the foods have recently become an issue of great concern because of increased customer demand for safety. This study was conducted to develop a rapid and sensitive simultaneous analysis method based on HPLC/FLD and HPLC/APCI-mass and to evaluate the concentration of BADGE, BFDGE and their metabolites, BADGE $H_2O$, BADGE $2H_2O$, BADGE HCl, BADGE 2HCl, BADGE HCl $H_2O$, BFDGE $H_2O$, BFDGE $2H_2O$, BFDGE HCl, BFDGE 2HCl and BFDGE HCl $H_2O$ for 133 canned food samples. The method provided a linearity of 0.9997-0.9999, a limit of detection of $0.01-0.13\;{\mu}g/mL$, a limit of quantitation of $0.03-0.44\;{\mu}g/mL$ and a recovery (%) of 85.64-118.18. The number of samples containing BADGE, BFDGE or their metabolites were: 28/133 (21.1%), with levels of 0.400-0.888 mg/kg being observed for aqueous foods (19/133) and 0.093-0.506 mg/kg being observed for oily foods (9/133).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2000

This study was carried out to isolate and identify the maysin and related flavonoid analogues in corn silks. Silks were covered with silk bag to prevent pollination and were sampled at 3-5 days after silking. The silks were filled with 100% MeOH and stored at $0^{\circ}C$ until analysis. The MeOH extracts of corn silks were filtered and concentrated at 35-4$0^{\circ}C$. The ${CH}_2$${Cl}_2$ was added on the concentrated aqueous solution to remove the chlorophyll and lipids. The Cis open column (25mm$\times$54 cm) was washed and activated with serial treatment of 500$m\ell$ of 100% MeOH(twice)longrightarrow75% MeOH longrightarrow50% MeOHlongrightarrow30% MeOHlongrightarrow100% $H_2$O(2 times). The concentrated aqueous solution was applied to the $C_{18}$ column and washed with $H_2O$ several times to remove the sugars and water soluble pigments. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-caffeoylquinic acid were eluted with 10% MeOH, and rhamosyl isoorientin was eluted with 30% MeOH, but maysin was eluted with 50% MeOH from the $C_18$ open column. Collected fractions were analyzed with HPLC by using revers-phase Ultras-phere $C_{18}$ column (4.6$\times$250mm, 5$\mu\textrm{m}$) and $H_2$O (10% MeOH containing 0.1% $H_3$${PO}_4$)/MeOH (100% MeOH containing 0.1% H$_3$PO$_4$) linear gradient from 20% to 90% MeOH for 35 minutes, a flow rate of 1 $m\ell$/min and detection at 340nm. The selected fractions were concentrated and applied to the silicic acid column. Maysin was eluted with 500$m\ell$ of 100% ethyl acetate from the silicic acid column for the first purification, and the purity of collected fractions was about 75%, but the purity from the second purification with the Cis column (1/2 $\times$ 43") was greater than 95%. FAB-MS spectral data was obtained with VG7O-VSEQ VG analytical fast atom bombardment mass (UK). $^1$H-NMR and $^{13}$ C-NMR data were obtained with Bruker DPX 400 MHz NMR spectrometers (German) in DMSO-d$_{6}$ at 400 and 100 MHz, respectively.vely.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: This study was to carry out risk assessment of contamination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and inorganic arsenic (I-As) in agricultural products of 25 crops from the abandoned mine areas. The 36 typical investigation sites located in Gyeongbuk provincial area were selected by considering the heavy metal levels, that had been known that the amount of the heavy metals exceeded the contamination level based on the previous survey. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium, lead, and total arsenic (T-As) concentrations were determined using microwave device and ICP-MS. Inorganic arsenic was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. The limits of quantification for heavy metals were 0.59 ㎍/kg for Cd, 0.42 ㎍/kg for Pb, 0.55 ㎍/kg for T-As, and sum of As (III) (1.74 ㎍/kg) and As (V) (2.25 ㎍/kg) for I-As, respectively. The contents of Cd, Pb, and I-As (only rice) were N.D.-0.958 mg/kg, N.D.-0.227 mg/kg, and 0.082 mg/kg, respectively, in the agricultural products. For risk assessment, dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were 5.20×10^-4-7.15×10⁰ ㎍/day for Cd, 7.00×10^-5-7.75×10^-1 ㎍/day for Pb, and 1.17×10¹ ㎍/day for I-As, taking 0.01-14.37%, 0.01-2.05%, and 15.16% as risk indices, respectively. CONCLUSION: It requires to consider the critical levels of heavy metals in agricultural products due to unexpectedly high levels in a few places, while concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were relatively low in most areas.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.763-771
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• 2012

In this study, total antioxidant properties of extracts from different parts of Lespedeza bicolor were determined using techniques of measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl/2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents. The total antioxidant activities of leaf, stem and root extracts from various solvents (water, 50, 70, 100% ethanol, and hot-water) indicated that 50 and 70% ethanol extracts have high radical scavenging activities and phenolic contents. A systematic approach was used to determine the total antioxidant activity of different solvent fractions of the Lespedeza bicolor extracts, partitioning with chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, and the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have the strongest antioxidant activity. Antioxidant assay-guided isolation was carried out to isolate potential antioxidant compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf extract was subjected to silica gel, LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography successively, and afforded compound 1, which was identified as eriodictyol by NMR and MS analysis, after which its antioxidant activity was determined.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidative and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase and collagenase for the solvent extract and silica column fractions of Artocarpus nitidus were evaluated. The activities were quantified using the 4 parameter logistic. LC/MS analysis showed that the major component of the fractions was polyphenol and the total polyphenol content of the extract was $48.1{\pm}2.6mg\;GAE/g$. The radical scavenging activities ($SC_{50}$) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of the extract, fraction-1 and fraction-2 were 16.7, 42.0 and $10.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The value for fraction-2 was the closest to ascorbic acid ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts and the fractions showed $IC_{50}$ of 64.9, 0.9 and $1.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and overall activity was higher than that of kojic acid ($7.4{\mu}g/mL$) and arbutin ($119.0{\mu}g/mL$). In the experiment by zebrafish embryo, the whitening activity of fraction-2 (27.5%) was higher than that of kojic acid (18.6%), and there was no adverse effect up to $500{\mu}g/mL$ of fraction-2. For the collagenase inhibitory activity, the samples showed $IC_{50}$ of 139.8, 20.6, and $16.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which were competitive to 1, 10-Phenanthroline ($55.4{\mu}g/mL$). The extract and fraction-2 showed $IC_{50}$ of 61.8 and $67.1{\mu}g/mL$ for elastase. These results suggest that A. nitidus extract can be used as a cosmetic material useful for antioxidant, whitening, and prevention of skin aging without adverse effects.