Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Risk Assessment about Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Products at Abandoned Mine Area

폐광산 인근 지역에서 생산되는 농산물의 중금속 오염도 평가

  • An, Jae-Min (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Chang, Soon-Young (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Hwang, Hyang-Ran (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Park, Dae-Han (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Lee, Bom-Nae (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Kim, Saet-Byeol (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Lee, Gwang-Hee (Department of quality control, Gyeongbuk Provincial Office, National Agriculture Products Quality Management Service)
  • 안재민 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과) ;
  • 장순영 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과) ;
  • 황향란 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과) ;
  • 박대한 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과) ;
  • 이봄내 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과) ;
  • 김샛별 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과) ;
  • 이광희 (국립농산물품질관리원 경북지원 품질관리과)
  • Received : 2020.01.03
  • Accepted : 2020.02.07
  • Published : 2020.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study was to carry out risk assessment of contamination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and inorganic arsenic (I-As) in agricultural products of 25 crops from the abandoned mine areas. The 36 typical investigation sites located in Gyeongbuk provincial area were selected by considering the heavy metal levels, that had been known that the amount of the heavy metals exceeded the contamination level based on the previous survey. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium, lead, and total arsenic (T-As) concentrations were determined using microwave device and ICP-MS. Inorganic arsenic was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. The limits of quantification for heavy metals were 0.59 ㎍/kg for Cd, 0.42 ㎍/kg for Pb, 0.55 ㎍/kg for T-As, and sum of As (III) (1.74 ㎍/kg) and As (V) (2.25 ㎍/kg) for I-As, respectively. The contents of Cd, Pb, and I-As (only rice) were N.D.-0.958 mg/kg, N.D.-0.227 mg/kg, and 0.082 mg/kg, respectively, in the agricultural products. For risk assessment, dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were 5.20×10-4-7.15×100 ㎍/day for Cd, 7.00×10-5-7.75×10-1 ㎍/day for Pb, and 1.17×101 ㎍/day for I-As, taking 0.01-14.37%, 0.01-2.05%, and 15.16% as risk indices, respectively. CONCLUSION: It requires to consider the critical levels of heavy metals in agricultural products due to unexpectedly high levels in a few places, while concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were relatively low in most areas.

본 연구에서는 대구·경북지역 36개 폐광산 인근지역에서 생산되는 25개 농산물 1,059건에 대하여 카드뮴, 납, 비소 오염도 조사와 더불어 위험평가를 실시하였다. 정량한계는 카드뮴 0.59 ㎍/kg, 납 0.42 ㎍/kg, 총비소 0.55 ㎍/kg, 무기비소 화학종에서는 arsenite [(As(III)) 1.74 ㎍/kg], arsenate[(As(V)) 2.25 ㎍/kg]이었으며, 직선성은 모두 0.9995 이상으로 나타났고, 무기비소의 함량은 arsenite (As(III))와 arsenate(As(V))의 합으로 하였다. 평균 회수율은 카드뮴 96.3-97.7%, 납 95.8-98.2%, 총비소 96.1-98.0%, arsenite 94.8%, arsenate 115.4% 이었고, C.V.% (Coefficient of Varidation)는 모두 5% 미만으로 나타났다. 농산물의 중금속 평균 함량은 도라지 0.244±0.164 mg/kg, 대파 0.145±0.133 mg/kg, 참깨 0.124±0.136 mg/kg, 고사리 0.109±0.070 mg/kg, 취나물 0.103±0.093 mg/kg, 마늘 0.071±0.063 mg/kg의 순으로 카드뮴의 오염도가 높았고, 납은 참깨 0.040±0.085 mg/kg, 도라지 0.039±0.056 mg/kg, 고구마 0.034±0.058 mg/kg, 들깻잎 0.034±0.016 mg/kg, 호박 0.032±0.065 mg/kg, 매실 0.028±0.012 mg/kg의 순으로 높은 오염도를 보였다. 무기비소는 쌀에 한하여 조사되었는데 평균 0.082±0.035 mg/kg의 오염도를 보였다. 카드뮴의 경우 쌀 1.19×10-1 ㎍/kg b.w./day(14.37% of PTMI), 대파 2.77×10-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(3.34% of PTMI), 감자 2.08×10-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(2.51% of PTMI), 사과 1.39×10-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(1.67% of PTMI), 양파 1.13×10-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(1.37% of PTMI)의 순이었고, 납의 경우 사과 1.29×10-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day (2.05% of PTWI), 고구마 7.49×10-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (1.19% of PTWI), 쌀 7.15×10-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (1.14% of PTWI), 호박 5.01×10-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (0.79% of PTWI), 양파 4.80×10-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (0.76% of PTWI)의 순으로 납 노출량이 높았다. 본 연구의 조사대상 25개 품목 농산물을 모두 일시에 섭취한다고 가정하였을 경우, 카드뮴은 PTMI 대비 28.21%, 납은 PTWI 대비 7.94%, 무기비소는 쌀 단일품목에 한해 PTWI 대비 15.16%의 위해도를 보임으로써, 본 연구에서 진행하였던 중금속에 대한 인체 위해정도는 우려할 수준이 아닌 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jun KS, Lee CH, Won YS, Jeung JW, Park BS, Shin DG (1999) Heavy metal concentrations in soils and stream around the abandoned mine land. Journal of the Environmental Science, 8, 197-204.
  2. Jung MC, Jung MY, Choi YW (2004) Environmental assessment of heavy metals around abandoned metalliferous mine in Korea. Korea Society of Economic and Environmental Geology, 37, 21-33.
  3. An JM, Hong KS, Kim SY, Kim DJ, Lee HJ, Shin HC (2017) Arsenic speciation and risk assessment of miscellaneous cereals by HPLC-ICP-MS. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 36, 119-128. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2017.36.2.20
  4. Munoz O, Diaz OP, Leyton I, Nunez N, Devesa V, Suner MA, Velez D, Montoro R (2002) Vegetables collected in the cultivated Andean area of northern Chile: total and inorganic arsenic contents in raw vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 642-647. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011027k
  5. Cho MJ, Choi H, Kim HJ, Youn HJ (2016) Monitoring and risk assessment of heavy metals in perennial root vegetables. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 35, 55-61. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2016.35.1.07
  6. Kim ST, Yang HY, Park JA, & Shim US (1999) Distribution of heavy metals and cyanide in tailings, soils, and stream sediments around Gubong disused mine. Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society, 4, 35-47.
  7. Jung GB, Lee JS, Kim WI, Ryu JS, Yun SG (2008) Monitoring of seasonal water quality variations and environmental contamination in the Sambo mine creek, Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 27, 328-336. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2008.27.4.328
  8. Kim SJ, Oh SJ, Kim SC, Lee SS (2018) Efficiency and longevity of in-situ stabilization methods in heavy metal contaminated arable soils. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 37, 179-188. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2018.37.3.31
  9. Kumpiene J, Lagerkvist A, Maurice C (2018) Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soil using amendments-A review. Waste Management, 28, 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.012
  10. Kim MK, Hong SC, Kim MH, Choi SK, Lee JS, So KH, Jung GB (2015) Assessment of human bioavailability quotient for the heavy metal in paddy soils below part of the closed metalliferous mine. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 34, 161-167. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2015.34.3.30
  11. Ettler V, Kibek B, Majer V, Knesl I, Mihaljevic M (2012) Differences in the bioaccessibility of metals/metalloids in soils from mining and smelting areas (Copperbelt, Zambia). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 113, 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.08.001
  12. Jung GB, Kwon SI, Hong SC, Kim MK, Chae MJ, Kim WI, Lee JS, Kang KK (2012) Contamination assessment of water quality and stream sediments affected by mine drainage in the Sambo mine creek. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 31, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2012.31.2.122
  13. Nearing MM, Koch I, Reimer KJ (2014) Complementary arsenic speciation methods: A review. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 99, 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2014.07.001
  14. An, JM, Park DH, Hwang H, Chang, SY, Kwon MJ, Kim IS, Kim IR, Lee H M, Lim HJ, Park JO, Lee GH (2018) Risk analysis of arsenic in rice using by HPLC-ICP-MS. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 37, 291-301. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2018.37.4.35
  15. Choi CW, Moon JH, Park HS, Ryeom TK, Lee KH, Lee HM (2009) A study on the establishment of Korean PTWI for cadmium based on the epidemiological data. Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety, 24, 378-384.
  16. Kim JY, Choi NG, Yoo JH, Lee JH, Lee YG, Jo KK, Lee CH, Hong SM, Im GJ, Hong MK, Kim WI (2011) Monitoring and risk assessment of cadmium and lead in agricultural products. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 30, 330-338. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.3.330
  17. Patrick JG, Williamm RM, John C (2015) FDA elemental analysis manual: section 4.7 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and other elements in food using microwave assisted digestion. pp. 14, U.S. FDA, Washington DC, USA, Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/UCM377005.
  18. Kim MS, Koo N, Kim JG, Yang JE, Lee JS, Bak GI (2012) Effects of soil amendments on the early growth and heavy metal accumulation of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis Jusl. in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 45, 961-967. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.6.961
  19. Kang MW, Oh SJ, Kim SC, Lee SS (2019) Stabilization of arsenic in paddy soils using stabilizers. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 38, 17-22. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2019.38.1.9
  20. Lee JH, Seo JW, An ES, Kuk JH, Park JW, Bae MS, Park SW, Yoo MS (2011) Monitoring of heavy metals in fruits in Korea. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology, 43, 230-234. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.2.230
  21. Yoo HY, Jung JJ, Choi EJ, Kang ST (2010) Heavy metal contents of vegetables from Korean markets. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology, 42, 502-507.
  22. Kim HY, Kim JI, Kim JC, Park JE, Lee KJ, Kim SI, Oh JH, Jang YM (2009) Survey of heavy metal contents of circulating agricultural products in Korea. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology, 41, 238-244.
  23. Kim MH, Kim JS, Sho YS, Chung SY, Lee JO (2004) Contents of toxic metals in fruits available on Korean markets. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology, 36, 523-526.
  24. Kim JY, Kim WI, Kunhikrishnan A, Kang DW, Kim DH, Lee YJ, Kim YJ, Kim CT (2013) Determination of arsenic species in rice grains using HPLC-ICP-MS. Food Science and Biotechnology, 22, 1509-1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0245-z
  25. Choi JY, Khan N, Nho EY, Choi H, Park KS, Cho MJ, Youn HJ, Kim KS (2016) Speciation of arsenic in rice by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytical Letters, 49, 1926-1937. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2015.1125912