• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among high-risk groups overseas is high, but studies in these groups are rare in South Korea. We conducted the present study from April to November 2012 to obtain data on the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for HEV among slaughterhouse workers in South Korea. Methods: Slaughterhouse workers from 80 workplaces nationwide were surveyed in South Korea in 2012. The subjects comprised 1848 cases: 1434 slaughter workers and 414 residual products handlers. By visiting 80 slaughterhouses, which were mixed with 75 of which also performed residual products handling, we conducted a questionnaire survey for risk factors and obtained blood samples in order to determine the seropositivity and seroprevalence of HEV. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were measured using HEV IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunospecific assay kits and HEV antigen was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The seropositivity of anti-HEV IgG was 33.5% (slaughter workers 32.8% and residual products handlers 36.2%), and among the seropositive individuals the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgM was 0.5% (slaughter workers 0.5%, residual products handlers 0.7%). The response rate of HEV-antigen as measured by RT-PCR was 0.2%. Risk factors significantly related to anti-HEV IgG seropositivity were age, sex, and working duration (slaughter workers only). Conclusions: There were significant risk factors (sex, age, and working duration) for HEV identified in our study. All three positive cases for HEV-antigen by RT-PCR were related to pig slaughter but without statistical significance. To prevent HEV, an educational program and working guidelines may be needed for high risk groups.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2010

Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle(PHEV) will replace Conventional Gasolene Engine Vehicle at a rapid rate to eliminate emission gases and improve fuel economy. This review describes Fuzzy Logic Control strategy and Optimization for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Recent progress on Electric Motor and Li-ion Battery for HEV and PHEV are given. Analysis on competitiveness of Korean HEV and PHEV technology based on the number of papers published and patents registered are also performed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.907-913
• /
• 2010

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are considered one of the major infectious causes of central nervous system infections such as aseptic encephalomeningitis in pediatrics. This study was focused on providing information related to genetic characteristics and diversities of HEV which prevailed between 2007 and 2009 in Busan, Korea. A total of 2,743 specimens were collected from children and screened for isolation of HEV by cell culture and RT-PCR. Among the specimins, 240 isolates were grouped into 21 different HEV serotypes using VP1 RT-PCR. The major etiological agents were CV-A6 and CV-B2 in 2007, E-6 and E-30 in 2008 and CV-B1 in 2009. The occurrence of HEV infections was the most frequent in the summer (May to August, 188 cases, 78.3%). Most of the isolates were identified from specimens from children under 10 years old, with the highest occurrence in the 2 to 4 year old range (15.2%). However, there were no significant differences between male and female children for the isolates. For analyzing genetic characterization, VP1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was established by Clustal W method using DNASTAR software. Using the sequence analysis of the VP1 region, it was classified into 2 groups; HEV-A and HEV-B. The HEV-A group contained 6 serotypes and sequences of 31 isolates were compared within each serotype. The HEV-B group contained 10 serotypes and the sequences of 41 isolates were compared within each serotype. Homology analysis of the VP1 region showed that the identity scores of HEV-A and B isolates were different. In conclusion, genetic divergences were observed among the isolates from children between 2007 and 2009 in Busan.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.2022-2025
• /
• 2019

Several animal species including pigs are directly involved in the zoonotic transmission of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) to humans. This study was conducted to detect HEV in bovine and porcine raw livers by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Zoonotic HEV strains were identified in 1.0 and 3.0% of the tested bovine and porcine livers, respectively. HEV-4 was detected in the bovine livers, but both HEV-3 and HEV-4 were identified in the porcine livers. These results indicate that zoonotic transmission of HEV may occur via consumption of raw or undercooked livers of pigs and cattle.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.13 no.3_4
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 1998

In order to elucidate the prevalence of anti-HEV, anti-HCV and HBsAg in ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)-elevated patient group and healthy person control group, we examined anti-HEV, anti-HCV and HBsAg in 92 persons, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HEV in ALT-elevated patient group (4.3%) was not significantly higher than that (2.2%) of healthy person control group(P>0.05). While in healthy person control group the prevalence of anti-HEV in female (2.4%) was higher than that (2.0%) in male, and in ALT-elevated group male (4.8%) was higher than female (3.3%), there were no significances. The positive rate of anti-HEV was not significantly increased with age between healthy person control and ALT-elevated patient group. The odds ratio's of HEV, HCV and HBV with ALT-elevated patient group were 2.05 (95% CI: 0.31-16.54), 8.67 (95% CI: 1.06-188.63) and 7.23 (95% CI: 2.47-22.71), respectively, but had no significance. It was turned out that HCV and HBV were significantly correlated with ALT-elevated patient group, but HEV had no significance with it in this paper.

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.121-123
• /
• 2017

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans. Zoonotic HEV strains have been isolated from several animal species, including pigs. New HEV variants have been recently isolated from camels in the Middle East. In the present study, fecal samples from fallow deer, formosan deer, alpaca, and guanaco were analyzed for the detection of HEV. One HEV strain was detected from guanaco, a species of camelids. The nucleotide sequence of guanaco HEV was identical to those of deer HEV-3 strains, which implied the cross-species transmission of HEV-3 from deer to guanaco.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.651-656
• /
• 2000

This paper describes the optimal sizing of each component using computer simulation and presents the efficient operating scheme of series HEV using hardware simulator the equivalent system. As the sizing method of components have been experimental and empirical it is needed to spend much time and development cost. however the results of computer simulation will set the optimal sizing of components in short time. There are two type of driving control power-tracking mode and load-levelling mode in series HEV. This paper presents that series HEV be operated in the load-levelling mode which is more efficient that power-tracking mode.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.423-426
• /
• 1999

This paper describes a driving scheme of the series hybrid electric vehicle that we have developed. Both series HEV and parallel HEV are well known. We chose series HEV because it provides good energy efficiency in urban driving and operates in all-electric mode in performance. And engine-Generator is driven at constant speed with constant load to maintain the low emission. And the battery supplies power during high-load and receive energy during low-load

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.491-496
• /
• 2008

A HEV-relay plays a significant role as a mechanical switch which determines the operation of a gasoline engine or an electric motor in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The HEV-relay has critical two problems in the operating process. First, the unstable current can occur in the operating process of the HEV-relay due to the severe bounce between moving and fixed electrode. Second, noises occur due to impact between electrodes in HEV-relay. In this research, spring properties such as stiffness and initial compression force, and electrode shape are designed to reduce the bounce time and noises caused by impact between moving and fixed electrode. The operating process of HEV-relay is simulated using LS-DYNA3D as explicit finite element code. The optimum spring properties are determined using the response surface method (RSM) as the design methodology, and the electrode shape is newly designed through the modifying the stiffness of moving and fixed electrode.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.1137-1143
• /
• 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) accounts for 20 million infections in humans worldwide. In most cases, the infections are self-limiting while HEV genotype 1 infection cases may lead to lethal infections in pregnant women (~ 20% fatality). The lack of small animal models has hampered detailed analysis of virus-host interactions and HEV-induced pathology. Here, by employing a recently developed culture-adapted HEV, we demonstrated that methyltransferase, a non-structural protein, strongly inhibits melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated activation of type I interferon responses. Compared to uninfected controls, HEV-infected cells display significantly lower levels of $IFN-{\beta}$ promoter activation when assessed by luciferase assay and RT-PCR. HEV genome-wide screening showed that HEV-encoded methyltransferase (MeT) strongly inhibits MDA5-mediated transcriptional activation of $IFN-{\beta}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$ in a dose-responsive manner whether or not it is expressed in the presence/absence of a tag fused to it. Taken together, current studies clearly demonstrated that HEV MeT is a novel antagonist of MDA5-mediated induction of $IFN-{\beta}$ signaling.