• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

RFID 태그의 연산 능력의 제한으로 인해 RFID 시스템은 경량화된 인증 프로토콜을 필요로 하며, 최근 몇 년간 이에 대한 연구가 이루어져왔다. 본 논문에서는 RFID 시스템을 위한 경량화된 인증 프로토콜인 HB 프로토콜과 그 변형 프로토콜들에 대해 살펴보고 해당 프로토콜의 공격에 대해서 살펴본다. 그 중에서도 HB++ 프로토콜에 대한 Piramuthu의 공격이 문제가 있음을 지적하고 안전한 프로토콜을 위한 설정을 제안한다.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

배경: HbA_1c의 측정은 최근 6-8주간의 혈당조절을 평가하고 당뇨를 진단하기 위해 사용되고 있다. 최근 라텍스 면역비탁법을 사용하는 HbA_1c 측정법이 개발되어 분석 능력과 임상검사실에서의 유용성을 평가하였다. 방법: 2009년 4월부터 7월까지 TBA-200FR에 Autolab HbA_1c을 장착하여 CLSI guideline (EP5-A2, EP6-P, EP9-A2)에 따라 직선성, 정밀도, 상관성을 평가하였다. 결과: Autolab HbA_1c는 고농도(15.1%)와 저농도(3.1%)의 검체의 혼합에서 r²=0.9997의 높은 직선성을 보였다. 12.1%의 경우 검사 일내 정밀도와 검사 일간 정밀도의 표준편차는 각각 0.06, 0.12였고 변이계수는 0.5%, 1.0%였다. 5.1%의 경우 각각 표준편차는 0.04, 0.09이었고 변이계수는 0.8%, 1.6%이었다. 비교식은 Autolab HbA_1c=1.0859×HPLC-0.6957이었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 Autolab HbA_1c는 Tosoh G7과 비교하여 좋은 수행능력을 보였다. 문헌고찰에서 변이형 혈색소에 따른 간섭은 없는 것으로 알려졌다. Tosoh G7에 비해 결과획득시간은 지연되는 단점이 있지만 Autolab HbA_1c의 장점은 일반 화학분석기에 적용이 가능하고 검체의 전처리가 필요없으며 증류수를 사용하여 자동적으로 용혈과정이 이루어진다는 점이다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 산림재적 현장자료와 항공 LiDAR 자료 기반의 산림재적 추정을 위한 회귀모델의 개발이다. 추정 모델은 경상북도 봉화군 지역에서 임의추출법에 의해 선정된 30개의 원형 표본지로부터 산출한 표본지별 산림재적을 반응변수로 하고, 항공 LiDAR 원자료로부터 개별 표본지의 고도분포 백분위수(Height Percentiles, HP) 및 층위 단위 점 개체수 백분율(Height Bin, HB)을 추출하여 예측변수로 사용하여 구성하였다. 단순선형회귀분석, 이차 다항회귀분석 및 단계적 회귀분석 방법을 이용한 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 적합모델들의 후보들을 도출하였으며, 검증을 위하여 각 모델별로 교차 타당성 검증을 실시하여 PRESS 통계치를 구하였다. 모델의 $R^2$ 및 PRESS을 비교하여 적합성을 검토한 결과, $HB_{5-10}$, $HB_{15-20}$, $HB_{20-25}$, $HBgt_{25}$의 다중회귀모델의 $R^2$이 0.509로 가장 높고, $HP_{25}$ 단순회귀모델의 PRESS 값이 122.352으로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 수직구조가 복잡한 우리나라 산림재적을 추정하는 모델로는 다양한 수직적 정보를 포함하고 있는 $HB_{5-10}$, $HB_{15-20}$, $HB_{20-25}$, $HBgt_{25}$이 상대적으로 보다 적합하다고 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2004

산업적 R3HB의 생산을 위한 재조합 대장균의 pilot규모에서의 유가식 배양과 연속식 배양을 연구하였다. Pilot 규모에서의 R3HB생산을 위하여 안전한 two plasmid system pBRRed와 pMCS 105를 제작하였으며, 제작된 plasmids을 이용하여 여러 다른 대장균을 형질 전환하였다. 얻어진 재조합 대장균들을 30 l의 발효기에서 회분식 배양한 결과 대장균 XL-10 Gold(pBRRed, pMCS105)가 가장 높은 R3HB 농도를 보였다 30 1 발효기에서 대장균 XL-10 Gold (pBRRed, PMCS105)을 유가식 배양한 결과 22.4 g/1의 R3HB가 얻어졌으며, 생산성은 0.97 g/1-h를 보였다. 고농도의 R3HB를 고생산성으로 얻기 위하여 유가식 배양으로 높은 균체 농도를 얻은 후 연속 배양으로 R3HB를 생산하는 전략을 개발하였다. 그 결과 0.2 $h^{-1}$ 의 dilution rate에서 R3HB 생산성은 5.06 g/1-h를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 산업적 규모에서 재조합 대장균을 이용하여 R3HB를 고농도, 고생산성으로 얻을 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

Glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) is a most preferably used baseline of diabetes, implicating average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month period of time. Recently the American Diabetes Association has recommended the $HbA_{1c}$ assay as one of the criteria for diabetes. Although some studies provide data with "estimated average glucose", by converting the $HbA_{1c}$ results from simple linear regression, the results are not applicable to whole diabetes. We compared the relationship between $HbA_{1c}$ and estimated average glucose by anemia degree of diabetic patients in Korea. The data from the 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Analysis was done for 1,257 diabetes subjects with $HbA_{1c}$ results. The distribution of subjects was 34.1% in 60's, 25.9% in 70's, 21,6% in 50's, showing that there was more than 80% in over 50's. To take a close look of the differences depending on the anemic degree, we applied WHO criteria (hemoglobin<13.0 in men and hemoglobin<12.0 in women) and divided anemia degree. The regression equation for A1c and estimated average glucose was $eAG_{mg/dL}=24.3{\times}A1c-32.0$ ($R^2=0.54$, p<0.001) in all subjects, $eAG_{mg/dL}=33.1{\times}A1c-96.1$ ($R^2=0.52$, p<0.001) in slight anemia ($11.0{\leq}$Hb<13.0 in men, $10.0{\leq}$Hb<12.0 in women), and $eAG_{mg/dL}=13.5{\times}A1c+34.9$ ($R^2=0.12$, p =0.075) in moderate anemia (Hb<11.0 in men, Hb<10.0 in women). The regression was not significant in moderate anemia. The relationship between HbA1c and eAG was lower correlation than ADAG study, and eAG showed lower value in all ranges among $HbA_{1c}$ 5~13%. Such as a korea where, there are many diabetic patients among the old aged and higher prevalence rate of anemia, we should be extra careful when we reflect eAG using $HbA_{1c}$ and need to establish criteria which can be applicable to koreans.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.124-139
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate monoacetylbenzidine(MABZ) and benzidine(BZ) hemoglobin adducts among workers who worked at benzidine based dye manufacturing company, and exposed by benzidine and benzidine based dye. The hemoglobin adducts were compared with work environment assessment result for evaluating the usefulness of biological monitoring. The mean BZ hemoglobin adducts among the first synthesis worker's hemoglobin adducts were $40.69{\mu}gBZ/g$ Hb and those of dry and packing workers were $22.14{\mu}gBZ/g$ Hb. The mean of MABZ hemoglobin adducts among 1st synthesis workers were $255.84{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb, dispersion worker's hemoglobin adducts were $76.17{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb and synthesis worker's hemoglogin adducts were $28.66{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb. Work environment assessment results during past 3 years were $0.0065mg/m^3$ and $0.5659mg/m^3$ of benzidine based dye concentration in ambient air of drying and packing only. Dye producing process was categorized by the possibility of exposure to benzidine and benzidine based dye. BZ and MABZ hemoglobin adducts were $19.55{\mu}gBZ/g$ Hb, $119.80{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb among workers who exposed by benzidine dihydrochloride and $16.32{\mu}gBZ/g$ Hb, $316.56{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb among workers who exposed by benzidine based dye. BZ hemoglobin adducts were not detected among control group and MABZ hemoglobin adducts were $5.33{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb. The differences between control and other exposed group was statistically significant. But there was no statistically significant differences between benzidine dihydrochloride exposed process and benzidine based dye exposed group. BZ and MABZ hemoglobin adducts were $2.23{\mu}gBZ/g$ Hb, $76.17{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb and $3.46{\mu}gBZ/g$ Hb, $21.33{\mu}gMABZ/g$ Hb. So hemoglobin adducts of MABZ were 5 ~ 30 time higher than those of BZ(P<0.003). Above results indicate that work environment assessment didn't detected benzidine and benzidine based dye in ambient air but biological monitoring detected those of hemoglobin adducts. Two group's hemoglobin adducts exposed benzidine dihydrochloride and benzidine based dye were high level but wasn't statistically significant and those were not detected in control group.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.590-594
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• 1998

X-ray crystallographic studies of the deoxy form of human adult hemoglobin (Hb A) have shown that ${\beta}99Asp$ is hydrogen bonded to both ${\alpha}42Tyr$ and ${\alpha}97Asn$ in the ${\alpha}_1{\beta}_2$ subunit interface, suggesting that the essential role of ${\beta}99Asp$ is to stabilize the deoxy-Hb by creating the intersubunit hydrogen bond. In particular, for Hb Kempsey (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}Asn$), molecular dynamics simulation indicated that a new hydrogen bond involving ${\beta}99Asn$ can be induced by replacing ${\alpha}42Tyr$ with a strong hydrogen-bond acceptor such as Asp. Designed mutant recombinant (r) Hb (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}Asn$, ${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$) have been produced in the Escherichia coli expression system and have shown that functional defects of Hb Kempsey could be compensated by the ${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$ substitution. However, as the ${\alpha}42 Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$ mutation has never been reported before, it is still possible that the functional properties of r Hb (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}Asn$, ${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$) may be due to the mutation itself. Thus, it is required to produce r Hb (${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$) and r Hb Kempsey (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}AsnX$( as controls, and to compare their properties with those of r Hb (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}Asn$, ${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$). r Hb (${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp$) could not be purified because it is an unstable hemoglobin which forms Heinz bodies. r Hb Kempsey (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}Asn$) exhibits very high oxygen affinity and greatly reduced cooperativity. Thus, r Hb (${\beta}99Asp{\rightarrow}Asn$) and r Hb (${\alpha}42Tyr{\rightarrow}Asp)$ compensate each other.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2014

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used as an index of mean glycemia over prolonged periods. This study describes an optimization of enzyme digestion conditions for quantification of non-glycated hemoglobin (HbA0) and HbA1c as diagnostic markers of diabetes mellitus. Both HbA0 and HbA1c were quantitatively determined followed by enzyme digestion using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) with synthesized N-terminal hexapeptides as standards and synthesized isotope labeled hexapeptides as internal standards. Prior to quantification, each peptide was additionally quantified by amino acid composition analysis using ID-LC-MS/MS via acid hydrolysis. Each parameter was considered strictly as a means to improve digestion efficiency and repeatability. Digestion of hemoglobin was optimized when using 100 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.2) and a Glu-C-to-HbA1c ratio of 1:50 at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 h. Quantification was satisfactorily reproducible with a 2.6% relative standard deviation. These conditions were recommended for a primary reference method of HbA1c quantification and for the certification of HbA1c reference material.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

We report photometric features of the HB, MSTO, and SGB for a set of metal-poor Galactic globular clusters on the near-IR CMDs. The magnitude and color of the MSTO and SGB are measured on the fiducial normal points of the CMDs by applying a polynomial fit. The near-IR luminosity functions of horizontal branch stars in the classical second parameter pair M3 and M13 indicate that HB stars in M13 are dominated by hot stars that are rotatively faint in the infrared, whereas HB stars in M3 are brighter than those in M13. The luminosity functions of HB stars in the observed bulge clusters, except for NGC 6717, show a trend that the fainter hot HB stars are dominated in the relatively metal-poor clusters while the relatively metal-rich clusters contain the brighter HB stars. It is suggestive that NGC 6717 would be an extreme example of the second-parameter phenomenon for the bulge globular clusters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.913-916
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• 2009

Femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy was used to probe the dynamics of CO rebinding to hemoglobin (Hb), denatured by 4.0 M GdnHCl in $D_2O# at 283 K, after photolysis of HbCO. The stretching mode of $^{13}CO$ bound to the denatured $Hb^{13}CO$ showed a single band centered at 1922 $cm^{-1}$, indistinguishable from that of denatured $Mb^{13}CO$. Geminate rebinding of CO to the denatured Hb was accelerated more than 1000 times, suggesting that the native structure of the Hb is required to suppress efficient geminate rebinding of CO, as is the case in Mb. The geminate yield and rate for CO rebinding are almost the same in both the denatured Hb and Mb. Similarity in the equilibrium spectrum and rebinding dynamics of CO indicates that the state of the denatured Hb is very similar to that of the denatured Mb. In the denatured Hb, quaternary contact of the protein is likely severed, with the denatured protein existing as an independent subunit much like Mb.