• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of subjective factors (figure recognition and stress) and objective factors (blood biochemical parameters) on body mass index by gender difference in Korean adults. This study analyzed 3,343 subjects older than 20 years according to gender using the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Specifically, male subjects had higher body mass index than female subjects (p < .001) and were more frequent in the obese group. Female subjects had higher stress and platelet score than male subjects (p < .001). Male subjects had significantly higher white blood cell counts (p < .001). The factors affecting the occurrence of obesity by gender difference was highly associated with subjective figure recognition (95% CI = 0.026~0.045, p < .001), stress (95% CI = 0.487~0.925, p = .015) and white blood count (95% CI = 1.232~1.392, p < .001) in females. These findings demonstrate a gender-specific difference in recognizing subjective factors and especially the objective factors of white blood cells and platelets affecting obesity. These results can be used for obesity education or fundamental data for establishing a nursing arrangement program for Korean adults.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2016

Social distance can indicate cognitive and behavioral attitudes toward a social group, and is useful for investigating people situated in a socially vulnerable position. When the children from multicultural family aware negative attitudes from peer Korean children, self-confidence and social competence can be disturbed. This study intended to examine influential factors on children's social distance towards children from multicultural families including multicultural contact experience, stereotype, ethnically homogeneous nationalism, thereby providing empirical evidence on social distance regarding multicultural families and their children. The results of this study are as follows. First, when the Korean children felt closeness with a multicultural child, when the ethnicity of the foreigner resided in the neighbor is White or Black, when they contact multicultural children through the media and a multicultural education, the level of social distance was higher, while the neighbor's ethnicity is Abrab, social distance was lower. Second, there was a significant association between the higher level of Korean children's positive cognition and emotion and the lower level of social distance. Third, hierarchial regression analyses demonstrated that positive emotion and cognition decreased the level of social distance, while both closeness with a multicultural child and taking the multicultural education increased the level of social distance. Finally, based on these results, this study suggested implications for social work practice and research to better understand and reduce children's social distance towards children from multicultural families.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2024

Past research reported mixed results on the effects of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. Whereas some studies reported an increase in prosocial motivation and behavior, others proposed that social exclusion causes a decrease in prosocial behavior along with negative reactions such as anger and aggression. These conflicting results may have arisen because prosocial behavior does not in itself always produce social reconnection. That is, although prosocial behavior is a major means of promoting social relationships, the excluded person does not need to act prosocially to benefit others unless the behavior leads to the restoration of the relationship. Unlike past research that assumed dichotomous situations of exclusion or belonging, the present research tested prosocial behavior in a social exclusion risk situation where the possibility of reconnection exists. In addition, we used the ability to potentially contribute to the group as another independent variable. We used a simulation game titled "Becoming a Union Member" to manipulate each participant's social exclusion risk and ability. Participants responded to a simple survey named member personality test and gave preliminary votes to one another, and exclusion risk was manipulated by the number of votes received. Later, ability was manipulated by disclosing perception test scores in the named member ability test. In both Experiments 1 and 2, participants who scored high in terms of social exclusion risk and low in the ability to potentially contribute showed prosocial behavior in stipulating larger donations. These results demonstrate that probable social reconnection defined by exclusion risk and ability is the key to explaining prosocial behavior following social exclusion.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the cognitive performance, emotional and behavioral problems among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) groups that show the difference between visual and auditory attention. Method : Using 'ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS)', visual attention and auditory attention of 98 children diagnosed as ADHD were measured. According to the omission and commission error of ADS, they were divided into three groups ; 1) the group whose each visual omission and commission error scores were higher than each auditory omission and commission error scores(VV group), 2) the group whose each auditory omission and commission error scores were higher than each visual omission and commission error scores(AA group), 3) the group that was the rest of VV and AA group(M group). And the results of both the subscales of Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and the subscales of Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) among three groups were compared. Finally, the correlation between the visual omission, visual commission, auditory omission, auditory commission error and the results of KEDI-WISC, K-CBCL were investigated. Results : The results were as follows ; 1) In 98 ADHD children, the number of VV group(N=56) was higher than that of AA (N=10) and M group (N=32). 2) All mean scores of the subscales of KEDI-WISC of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group. The score of verbal IQ(p=.039) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group and the scores of block design(p=.015), Kaufman's factor 2(p=.045), performance IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than those of M group. The score of full IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than that of M and AA group. 3) The mean scores of all K-CBCL subscales of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group, except the score of Somatic complaint subscale. The score of Social subscale(p=.041) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group. The score of Withdrawn subscale(p=.021) of AA group was significantly higher than that of VV group. 4) There were no significant correlation between the scores of visual omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. But, there were many significant correlations between the scores of auditory omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. 5) There were significant correlation between the score of the visual omission error and that of Thought problem subscale(r=.205, p=.043) of K-CBCL. There were significant correlation between the scores of the auditory omission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.319, p=.001), Social problems subscale(r=.206, p=.042), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.021). Finally, there were significant correlation between the scores of auditory commission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.241, p=.017), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.020). Conclusion : The ADHD children whose auditory attention ability were higher than visual attention ability had relatively better cognitive performance and less emotional/behavioral problems than the others. The more comprehensive experiment will be needed about the cognitive performance, emotion and behavior problems of the ADHD children showing the difference between visual and auditory attention.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.595-605
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• 2017

This study was intended to investigate the effects of after-school forest healing programs on the pro-social behavior and self-efficacy of young children using the attributes of forest and the forest healing factors. The children attending a kindergarten located in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ - dong, Cheongju city were divided into a test group which participated in the forest healing program activities and a control group which participated in the regular programs of the kindergarten but not in the forest healing program. Each group consisted of 20 boys and girls aged 3 to 5 years. The forest healing program was conducted once a week from 10 April to 10 July in 2017 for a total of 12 sessions, and each session lasted one hour (60 minutes). The pro-sociality behavior and self-efficacy test of the children was conducted before and after the forest healing program, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. The result showed that the pro-social behaviors that indicated the ability to execute the positive action and the self-efficacy that indicated the self-confidence were statistically significant (p<0.05). The young children who participated in the forest healing program improved their self-esteem through positive thoughts from being with their peer in nature. Moreover, they increased not only ecological knowledge but also consideration for others and cooperative spirit. They also greatly improved the ability to control personal emotion and the ability to form the personal relationship which are the sub-factors of pro-sociality, the ability to adapt to the early childhood education institution, and the physical efficacy which is the sub-factor of self-efficacy. It was concluded that the after-school forest healing program had a positive impact on pro-social behavior and self-efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.982-994
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• 2000

This study was designed to develop a program for unemployed matriarchs and show if the program affected their view on the meaning in life. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs, which is being practiced in the 'Working Women Center' located in Busan. The researchers selected 44 persons from the group who agreed to our program. This study was done from the 10th of March, 1999 to the 9th of October. The researchers used the measurement tools, The Purpose in Life, Self-esteem, Hope and Meaning in Life which was composed of 63 items developed by them. Their Cronbach's alpha were .88, .79, .76 and .95. The researchers analyzed the data with frequency, percentage, Mean, S.D, Wilcoxon signed ranks test which were deduced from SPSS 10.0 WIN program. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The program is composed of 'becoming intimate', 'open-minded', 'exploration on self', 'relax of repressed emotion', 'self- acceptance', 'establishing the life-goal', 'enrichment of human relationship' and closing. It took 20 hours for this program to come into practice. 2) According to the analysis of the general traits of all subjects, average age was 39.36. High school graduates were 86%, college graduates were 14% and divorce were 57%, bereavement were 18%, and the rest were 25%. 3) The result of 1st progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 4) The result of 2nd progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 5) The result of 3rd progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life, creative meaning, and attitudinal meaning during the program was high. 6) The result of 4th progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life and creative meaning during the program was high. On the viewpoint of above results, we convinced that 'a program for unemployed matriarch is effective to establish a stronger meaning in life. Therefore, it is demanded that support for unemployed matriarchs should not only be economic help such as technical training and help of living expenses, but also psychological, professional and systematic support.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a qigong-based stress management program in pregnant women. Method: A 8 week controlled clinical trial compared 52 pregnant women assigned qigong-based stress management program to 40 pregnant women assigned pregnancy health education program. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), Spielberger trait state inventory-1(STAI-1), Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety scale(HAM-A) were used to measure anxiety and depression level. Result : Qigong-based stress management group showed significant improvement compared to the education control group on four measures above. Qigong-based stress management group also showed significant improvement at 8 weeks termination on all measures of anxiety and depression compared to pretreatment level. Conclusion : This study showed that qigong-based stress management program can be an effective method for pregnant women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.169-176
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• 2017

This study, a non-equal prior and post quasi-experimental research on a control group, investigates the nursing students' change of perception on the meaning of life, death, well-dying and hospice in order to elucidate its effect. The study subjects were 38 students registered in the Department of Nursing Science in C University located in A city as the experimental group and another 36 students registered in the Department of Nursing Science in P University in P city as the control group. Death preparation education was conducted from February 29 through April 20, 2016. A 90-minute session was conducted each week for eight weeks and the data were analyzed by $x^2-test$ and t-test. In line with four domains of death education, i.e., cognition, emotion, practice and value, death preparation education was composed by imparting meaning to life and focusing on the perception on death, well-dying and hospice. From the study results, death preparation education enhanced nursing students' perception on the meaning of life, well-dying and hospice, and hence helped nursing students grant meaning to their lives and establish right values of life. Thus, it acted as a driving force for nursing students to live positive lives and is expected to be utilized as useful education which cultivates right perception on well-dying and hospice. However, in the absence of any significant difference in perception of death, repeated follow-up studies are required to verify the effect on the perception on death and the change in the perception of well-dying depending on the period of application.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2020

Objective : The present study aims to investigate differences in anger-related features in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) compared to healthy controls, and to examine whether anger trait and anger regulation strategy are associated with clinical characteristics in patients with SSD. In addition, we examined the relationship between childhood adversity and SSD. Methods : 26 patients with SSD and 28 healthy controls were included. Anger-related features were assessed with State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Clinical somatic symptoms were assessed using the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the Somatosensory Amplification Scale. Childhood adversity was assessed by the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance was performed. Results : Disease status of SSD had a significant overall effect on anger-related features (Wilks λ=0.725, F(5, 44)=3.332, p=0.012). Patients with SSD showed a significantly high Trait-Anger (p=0.017) and they had a high score in both Anger-Out (p=0.013) and Anger-In (p=0.001) of anger expression styles. In particular, a directed inward style of anger expression was significantly associated with somatization symptom severity (p=0.003). Regarding childhood adversity, more childhood extreme illness was experienced by the SSD group than the control group (p=0.012). Within the SSD group, childhood extreme illness was associated with higher Trait-Anger (p=0.027) and Anger-Out (p=0.001). Conclusion : The present findings suggest that trait anger, anger expression styles, and childhood adversity of extreme illness may be involved in SSD. Further studies are needed to explore the role of anger-related features and its relationship with childhood adversity in the pathophysiology of SSD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.416-429
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• 2012

This study was to assess the effects of a recovery oriented integrated rehabilitation program on cognitive social function, rehabilitation motivation, and mental health recovery. This program is involved motivation enhancement program with 4 subprograms composed of cognitive rehabilitation, emotion management, vocational rehabilitation, family education program. The subjects were 34 patirents with schizophrenia who had been hospitalized at National Mental Hospital on local area. The study was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design with two groups, an experimental group(18 patients) and a control group(16 patients). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 12. 0. The results of the data show that there was not a significant increase in the symptom, cognitive and social function. But there was a significant increase in readiness of rehabilitation(maintenance, p=.027) and mental health recovery (p=.039). Short term recovery oriented integrated rehabilitation programs in inpatient settings are more available for motivation of rehabilitation and mental health recovery than symptom reduction or functional improvement. Therefore there should be more efforts to create more recovery oriented service provision in clinical settings.