• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2013

Over the past decade, driven by advances in educational theory and pressures for efficiency in the clinical environment, there has been a shift in surgical education and training towards enhanced simulation training. Microsurgery is a technical skill with a steep competency learning curve on which the clinical outcome greatly depends. This paper investigates the evidence for educational and training interventions of traditional microsurgical skills courses in order to establish the best evidence practice in education and training and curriculum design. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases was performed to identify randomized control trials looking at educational and training interventions that objectively improved microsurgical skill acquisition, and these were critically appraised using the BestBETs group methodology. The databases search yielded 1,148, 1,460, and 2,277 citations respectively. These were then further limited to randomized controlled trials from which abstract reviews reduced the number to 5 relevant randomised controlled clinical trials. The best evidence supported a laboratory based low fidelity model microsurgical skills curriculum. There was strong evidence that technical skills acquired on low fidelity models transfers to improved performance on higher fidelity human cadaver models and that self directed practice leads to improved technical performance. Although there is significant paucity in the literature to support current microsurgical education and training practices, simulated training on low fidelity models in microsurgery is an effective intervention that leads to acquisition of transferable skills and improved technical performance. Further research to identify educational interventions associated with accelerated skill acquisition is required.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.279-291
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• 2008

This survey is to increase the quality of life by improved oral health. Total 572 Youngnam area residence joined the survey and answered for the subjects of general aspect & health activity, self-determined oral health status, oral health knowledge, oral health activity, food behavior, OHIP-14,THI, QOL. Survey was analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 12.0). Result of the study is summarized as follows; 1. Among total 572 residents, women were 58% and 20~29 aged were 35.5%, highest. In academic background, High school graduated were 59.6%. In average monthly income view, Lower than 1.5 million KRW was 43.5%, 49.3% replied drinks 1~3 times a month. No smoking group was 73.1%. No exercise group was 35.5% and every day exercise group was 11.4%. In self evaluating about oral health status question 40.4%(231) replied as bad, which was highest. 2. Women have higher score about oral health knowledge. Woman and Every day exercise group have better score about oral health practice. Man, 40~49 aged, more than 2.51 million KRW avg' income, every day exercise groups has good score about diet related question. 3. OHIP-14 has lower score as age is older, as more income. THI shows higher score from woman, 20~29, more income group and QOL has higher score from more than college educated, every day exercise groups. 4. Similar correlation indexes on QOL are OHIP-14, diet, oral health knowledge, oral health practice listed in order of effect size. Self-determined oral health index is important to improve quality of life along with health activity, especially oral health recognition index is different depends on age and monthly income that addresses it is necessary to deliver training with carefully designed oral health training program development.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To describe and characterize the surface topography and cleanliness of CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia abutments after steaming and ultrasonic cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 12 ceramic CAD/CAM implant abutments of various manufacturers were produced and randomly divided into two groups of six samples each (control and test group). Four two-piece hybrid abutments and two one-piece abutments made of zirconium-dioxide were assessed per each group. In the control group, cleaning by steam was performed. The test group underwent an ultrasonic cleaning procedure with acetone, ethyl alcohol and antibacterial solution. Groups were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to verify and characterize contaminant chemical characterization non- quantitatively. RESULTS. All zirconia CAD/CAM abutments in the present study displayed production-induced wear particles, debris as well as organic and inorganic contaminants. The abutments of the test group showed reduction of surface contamination after undergoing an ultrasonic cleaning procedure. However, an absolute removal of pollutants could not be achieved. CONCLUSION. The presence of debris on the transmucosal surface of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments of various manufacturers was confirmed. Within the limits of the study design, the results suggest that a defined ultrasonic cleaning process can be advantageously employed to reduce such debris, thus, supposedly enhancing soft tissue healing. Although the adverse long-term influence of abutment contamination on the biological stability of peri-implant tissues has been evidenced, a standardized and validated polishing and cleaning protocol still has to be implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.212-221
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• 2014

Korean style DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and a dietary education program for sodium reduction were developed. Reduced sodium diets (15 and 30% reductions) were developed from general diets for 3 consecutive weeks from Monday through Saturday. Subjects (19 total) were classified into two groups according to dietary education. Experimental period was from June 24 to July 23, 2012. Total sum of adaptation scores for low sodium diets significantly increased in the group that underwent dietary education compared to that without (p<0.05). After the experiment, both groups showed significantly increased values in terms of food group balance, sodium-related nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice by paired t-test. Especially, group that underwent dietary education showed significantly higher values for attitudes by ANCOVA pre-test as a variation (p<0.01). For the results of the nutrient intake survey, group that underwent dietary education showed significantly increased values for dietary fiber (p<0.01), vitamin A (p<0.001), vitamin K (p<0.001), vitamin C (p<0.01), Folic acid (p<0.001), vitamin B12 (p<0.01), calcium (p<0.01), iron (p<0.05), and zinc (p<0.05) and significantly decreased values for sodium (p<0.05) and chloride (p<0.005). Subjects adapted to reduced sodium diets showed apparent improvements in sodium-related knowledge, attitude, practice and intake of nutrient, and these improvements were even higher in the group that underwent dietary education compared to that without. Thus, adaptation to low sodium diet combined with dietary education can improve dietary habits.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the static (SFF) and kinetic frictional forces (KFF) of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing lingual bracket (CAD/CAM-LB) with those of conventional LB (Con-LB) and Con-LB with narrow bracket width (Con-LB-NBW) under 3 tooth displacement conditions. Methods: The samples were divided into 9 groups according to combinations of 3 LB types (CAD/CAM-LB [Incognito], Con-LB [7th Generation, 7G], and Con-LB-NBW [STb]) with 3 displacement conditions (no displacement [control], maxillary right lateral incisor with 1-mm palatal displacement [MXLI-PD], and maxillary right canine with 1-mm gingival displacement [MXC-GD]; n = 6/group). While drawing a 0.016-inch copper or super-elastic nickel-titanium archwire with 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes in a chamber maintained at $36.5^{\circ}C$, SFF and KFF were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis method with Bonferroni correction was performed. Results: The Incognito group demonstrated the highest SFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD, Stb-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, 7G-MXLI-PD, 7G-control] < [Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in SFF among the 3 displacement conditions within each bracket group. Within each displacement condition, the Incognito group demonstrated the highest KFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD] < Stb-MXC-GD < 7G-MXLI-PD < [7G-control, 7G-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control] < [Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). MXC-GD exhibited higher KFFs than MXLI-PD in the same bracket group. Conclusions: The slot design and ligation method of the CAD/CAM-LB system should be modified to reduce SFF and KFF during the leveling/alignment stage.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.72-79
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• 2022

Purpose: The proficiency test was conducted to assess the performance of the dosimetry audit service provider in the readout practice of the dose delivered to patients in medical institutions. Methods: A certain amount of the absorbed dose to water for the high-energy X-ray from the medical linear accelerator (LINAC) installed in the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) was delivered to the postal dose audit package given by the dosimetry audit service provider, in which the radio-photoluminescence (RPL) glass dosimeters were mounted. The dosimetry audit service provider read the RPL glass dosimeters and sent the readout dose value with its uncertainty to KRISS. The performance of the dosimetry audit service provider was evaluated based on the E_n number given in ISO/IEC 17043:2010. Results: The evaluated E_n number was -0.954. Based on the ISO/IEC 17043, the performance of the dosimetry service provider is "satisfactory." Conclusions: As part of the conformity assessment, the KRISS performed the proficiency test over the postal dose audit practice run by the dosimetry audit service provider. The proficiency test is in line with confirming the traceability of the medical institutions to the primary standard of absorbed dose to the water of the KRISS and ensuring the confidence of the dosimetry audit service provider.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.454-468
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• 2002

Historically, women's health needs have been viewed primarily as reproductive, and all other health needs have been dealth with without considering their responses to disease and treatment(Strickland & Giger, 1994). It has mostly been through the efforts of women's group, especially health care team, that more recognition has been given to the overall health of women worker in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the depression, self-esteem and health practice in order to identify health care strategies to improve health promotion among women workers in small workplace. The consisted of 94 women workers who work at small manufacturing industry. The data were collected from January to February, 2002. The instruments for this study was Rogenburgs self-esteem scale, Zung s depression self-reporting scale and Breslow & Enstrom s health habits scale. The analysis of data were performed with frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA. $\chi^2$ test, pearson correlation and multiple regression using SPSS Win 10.1 program. 1. The average depression score was 1.87 which is relatively low and the average self-esteem score was 2.75 which is relatively moderate. The total mean score for health practice was 4. 10(range 0-7) which is relatively high moderately. 2. Health practice had not a statistically significant correlation with depression and self-esteem, but the depression had a statistically significant correlation with self-esteem(r=-.401, p=.000). 3. There was not a significant difference In depression, self-esteem and health practice according to the general characteristics 4. There was a significant difference in sub category of health practice according to the status of living with family and status of marriage. As far as the health practice of women workers living with family practiced better health than women workers no living with family concerning breakfast(p=.03) and as far as the health practice of women workers no living with family practiced better health than women workers living with family concerning sleeping time(p=.04). There was a significant difference in breakfast(p=.04), smoking(p=.00), and BMI(p=.05) according to the status of marriage. 5. The major factor was age and explained for $7\%$ of health practice. The repeated study should be carried out to figure out the health practice and its related factors of female workers at small manufacturing industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4999-5003
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• 2016

The testicular cancer (TCa) incidence is increasing in many countries, with age-standardized incidence rates up to 7.8/100,000 men in the Western world, although reductions in mortality and increasingly high cure rates are being witnessed at the same time. In Africa, where rates are lower, presentation is often late and morbidity and mortality high. Given this scenario, awareness of testicular cancer and practice of testicular self-examination among future first response doctors is very important. This study was conducted to determine knowledge and attitude to testicular cancer, and practice of testicular self-examination (TSE) among final (6th) year medical students. In addition, the effect of an intervention in the form of a single PowerPoint(R) lecture, lasting 40 minutes with image content on testicular cancer and testicular self examination was assessed. Pre and post intervention administration of a self-administered structured pre tested questionnaire was performed on 151 medical students, 101 of whom returned answers (response rate of 66.8%). In the TC domain, there was a high level of awareness of testicular cancer, but poor knowledge of the age group most affected, with significant improvement post intervention (p<0.001). Notable also was the poor awareness of the potential curability of TC, this also being improved following the intervention (p<0.001). A poor level of awareness and practice of testicular self-examination pre-intervention was found considering the nature of the study group..Respondents had surprisingly weak/poor responses to the question "How important to men's health is regular testicular self-examination?" Answers to the questions "Do you think it is worthwhile to examine your testis regularly?" and "Would you be interested in more information on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination?" were also suboptimal, but improved post intervention p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.037. Age, gender and marital status were without specific influence. In conclusion, this study showed poor levels of knowledge regarding epidemiology of TCa and its potential curability when detected early. There was also a poor awareness of, practice of, and poor attitudes to TSE. The significant improvement in these parameters post intervention indicates value in educational intervention. We recommend inclusion of TCa coverage and TSE teaching in the secondary school curriculum (targeting adolescents). Greater emphasis should also be given to testicular cancer in the curricula of medical schools and other training institutions for health care personnel.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.717-731
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop applicable standards for clinical dental hygiene practice in Korea and to evaluate their validity. Methods: Based on the standards for clinical dental hygiene practice developed in the United States and Canada, the standards were adapted to be applicable in Korea. The validity of the standards was evaluated by a self-writing questionnaire among 14 professors and 10 clinicians using a developed tool for evaluating the standards. A focus group interview was additionally conducted for clinicians to increase the validity of the standards. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were performed using SPSS 25.0. To analyze the content of the focus group interviews, content analysis was conducted. Results: The standards for clinical dental hygiene practice consisted of five elements of professionalism for dental hygienists and a total of 28 items to perform the five stages of dental hygiene process of care (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation) and included conceptual meaning, clinical significance, and application methods with examples for each item. Conclusions: The standards for clinical dental hygiene practice developed in this study could contribute to standardizing dental clinical practices provided by dental hygienists. It is necessary to consistently improve the standards that are highly practical, to prevent oral diseases and maintain oral health of the public, based on the results of this validity evaluation.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

The study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of nursing skills practice using VR(Virtual Reality) on competency and confidence in nursing skills, learning self-efficacy, and satisfaction of nursing students. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The 35 patients in the experimental group took nursing skills practice using VR and The 35 patients in the control group took fundamental nursing skills practice. The data were conducted on confidence in nursing skills, learning self-efficacy, satisfaction, and nursing skills' competency. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 23.0 program. As a result of the study, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in competency and confidence in nursing skills, learning self-efficacy, and satisfaction. However, confidence in nursing skills and learning self-efficacy increased after practice in both groups. The results indicate that nursing skills practice using VR was effective in improving nursing skills.