• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction on mobile source was also increased. Carbon dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. Therefore automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline passenger cars(PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 106 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by displacement, gross vehicle weight, vehicle speed and CVS-75/vehicle speed mode were discussed. Test modes were vehicle speed modes and CVS-75 mode that have been used to develop emission factors and to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found that $CO_2$ emissions showed higher large displacement, heavy gross vehicle weight, low vehicle speed and CVS-75 mode than small displacement, light gross vehicle weight, high vehicle speed and vehicle speed mode, respectively. From these results, correlation between $CO_2$ emission and fuel efficiency was also determined. The results of this study will contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and making the national policy for climate change.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 2005

The increasing emission of greenhouse gases may change agricultural environment. The agronomic productivity will depend upon change of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and fertilization. This study was conducted to investigate greenhouse gas emission with irrigation water depth in paddy field. Area of each experiment plot is $70m^2$, Three treatments with three replications were carried out in this experiment, which was laid out as randomized complete block design. The treatments of irrigation water were maximum field water capacity and 4 and 8 cm depth. The application rate of fresh rice straw was $8,000kg\;ha^{-1}$ in combination with chemical fertilizers ($110kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, $45kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ and $57kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$). The $CH_4$ emission was highest at 32 days after rice transplanting with rice straw treatment. The $CH_4$ emission in the plot of maximum field water capacity was lower compared with 4 and 8 cm of irrigation depth. $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission under different water depth in the paddy field were 30 and $1.52kg\;ha^{-1}$ at 8 cm depth, 281 and $1.71kg\;ha^{-1}$ at 4 cm depth, and 219 and $2.01kg\;ha^{-1}$ at water saturated condition. The total emission of greenhouse gases equivalent to $CO_2$ emission with rice straw application were $6,939kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 8 cm depth plot, $6,431kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 4 cm depth plot and $5,222kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at water saturated condition. The GWPs without rice straw application were $4,449kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 8 cm depth plot, $3,702kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 4 cm depth plot and $4,579kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at water saturated condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2015

The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), a long-lived greenhouse gas, in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic sources, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. Quantifying $N_2O$ emission in the agricultural field is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. The objective of this study was to develop an emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the Chinese cabbage during autumn season in 2010-2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated over three years experiment using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, nitrogen fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission was $0.0058{\pm}0.00254kg\;N_2O-N\;kg^{-1}\;N$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices as well as crop species.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

The emission characteristics and emission factors were determined by measuring the concentration of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), the amount of ventilation, etc. in the two fattening rooms which have the same environment in winter. As a result of monitoring, the average concentration of CH₄ and N₂O was 20.7-26.7 ppm and 1.4-1.6 ppm. The average temperature inside the room was measured at 20.0-21.4℃, and the average ventilation was 1345.4-1567.3 m³/h. The daily emission of CH₄ for the first 30 days showed a constant emission of 3.6-8.2 g/d/m²/pig, but thereafter, the emission increased rapidly. The daily emission of N₂O was 0.7-1.3 g/d/m²/pig, showing stable emission during the test period, and relatively insignificant emission compared to the emission of CH₄. After repeated test, it was confirmed that there was no significant difference between the two rooms. As a result, the CH₄ 6. 21 g/d/m²/pig and N₂O 1.02 g/d/m²/pig average emission for each room was derived.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.340-350
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of $CO_2$ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g $CO_2m^{-2}$ in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g $CO_2m^{-2}$. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton $CO_2eqha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.733-741
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• 2021

Globally, in accordance with the goals set forth in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, each country has established and declared a reduction target for carbon neutrality by 2050. The roadmaps for establishing long-term greenhouse gas emissions development strategies and setting reduction targets have been announced. As the international community accelerates the transition to the net-zero society, 128 countries have declared net-zero by the end of 2020, and the net-zero declaration continues to expand around G20 member states. In December 2020, Korea announced the "2050 Net-zero Strategy" to establish a foundation for simultaneously achieving carbon reduction, economic growth, and improved quality of life for the people through active response to the net-zero, and pursuing policy tasks in stages to do this. Comprehensive carbon management is insufficient due to the lack of comprehensive carbon management due to the departure from the areas of mandatory reduction, such as the GHG energy target management system and the GHG emissions trading offset system implemented to reduce greenhouse gases in Korea. Currently, there is no cases for estimation or calculation of carbon dioxide emissions for the Mine Reclamation projects. It is reviewed the standard methods proposed by domestic and foreign carbon emission calculation methods and proposed appropriate carbon emission estimation methods for the Mine Reclamation projects in this study.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.301-311
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• 2014

In this study, we estimated the amount of fuel used fishing boats of individual based on the results of survey of the activity data such as operations and activities specification of fishing boats in Korea. Based on the classification system of the domestic fishing boat, and to estimate average fuel consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions, showed emission factors per fishing boat. This was suggested to be able to apply the registration data area in the future, and estimates the emissions of greenhouse gases. Based on these results, it tries to provide the basic data that can be used when you want to create a local government measures to reduce scenario in the future.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

With the effectuation of Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on the Climate Change, the emission reduction of greenhouse gases became an urgent issue and has been competitively secured among countries as the form of certificates through clean development mechanism (CDM) or joint implementation (JI). Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) is one of the major greenhouse gases along with carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and methane ($CH_4$) having warming potential 310 times that of carbon dioxide and chemically very stable in the atmosphere to give a life time of more than 120 years so that it reaches to the stratosphere to act as an ozone depleting substance. $N_2O$ hardly decomposes and thus, besides to the adoption of thermal decomposition at high temperature, selective catalytic reduction methods are usually used at temperatures over $400^{\circ}C$ in which the presence of NOx acts as a major impeding material in the decomposition process. In this article, the sources of various $N_2O$ generation, catalytic reduction processes and the status and trends of emission trade with CDM projects for greenhouse gas reduction are summarized and discussed on a condensed basis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

Due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and abnormal weather phenomena it has become important on a national level to keep a count of greenhouse gases being emitted. We want to take advantage of any selected area, as the basic data for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, Forest and Grassland, Paddy fields, and Fields(crops), Greenhouse(crops), Pig farm, Cattle farm, Farm household(populations, agricultural machinery) and Vehicle, the basic building blocks shots with a small amount of per-unit basis, the statistics calculated based on regional carbon emissions through the literature and experimental. Carbon absorption 772,960 ton C/year, amount of fixation 487,477 ton C/year, amount of emission 1,112,607 ton C/year were noted in Gimje-si, and amount of carbon absorption 55,559 ton C/year, amount of fixation 25,864 ton C/year, amount of emissions 58,355 ton C/year in Gongdeok-myeon, respectively. The carbon absorption at Hwangsan-ri is 25,107 ton C/year, fixation 4,301 ton C/year, and emission 20,330 ton C/year respectively. We were able to estimate the amount of carbon according to the specific characteristics of each unit village, then expanding it to a large-scale and comparative analysis, therefore we were able to obtain basic data on the national levels of carbon absorption.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2012

Greenhouse gas emission policy in Korea and elsewhere is based on emissions projections, a key element of which is the projected path of structural change from high productivity growth to low productivity growth economic sectors given sector specific labor productivity growth, emissions abatement across sectors and population growth. Thus, it is important to model the source of the structural change to forecast emissions correctly. Using data for the Korean economy, this study constructs and quantitatively evaluates a model of structural change and green growth to generate policy implications for Korea and the international greenhouse gas debate.