Applied Chemistry for Engineering (공업화학)

The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (한국공업화학회)
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Status and Trends of Emission Reduction Technologies and CDM Projects of Greenhouse Gas Nitrous Oxide

온실가스 아산화질소(N2O) 저감기술 및 CDM 사업의 현황과 전망

  • Chang, Kil Sang (Department of Industrial Chemistry, Sangmyung University)
  • 장길상 (상명대학교 공업화학과)
  • Received : 2007.11.03
  • Accepted : 2007.12.04
  • Published : 2008.02.10
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Abstract

With the effectuation of Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on the Climate Change, the emission reduction of greenhouse gases became an urgent issue and has been competitively secured among countries as the form of certificates through clean development mechanism (CDM) or joint implementation (JI). Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) is one of the major greenhouse gases along with carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and methane ($CH_4$) having warming potential 310 times that of carbon dioxide and chemically very stable in the atmosphere to give a life time of more than 120 years so that it reaches to the stratosphere to act as an ozone depleting substance. $N_2O$ hardly decomposes and thus, besides to the adoption of thermal decomposition at high temperature, selective catalytic reduction methods are usually used at temperatures over $400^{\circ}C$ in which the presence of NOx acts as a major impeding material in the decomposition process. In this article, the sources of various $N_2O$ generation, catalytic reduction processes and the status and trends of emission trade with CDM projects for greenhouse gas reduction are summarized and discussed on a condensed basis.

기후변화협약에 이은 교토의정서가 발효되면서 온실가스 저감은 세계적인 당면 문제가 되어 있는 가운데 청정개발체제(CDM) 및 공동이행(JI) 등을 통한 배출권 확보가 국가적인 경쟁이 되고 있다. 이산화탄소($CO_2$) 및 메탄가스($CH_4$)와 더불어 대표적인 온실가스의 하나인 $N_2O$는 온난화효과가 $CO_2$에 비해 310배에 이르며 120년의 분해기간이 소요될 만큼 대기 중에서 매우 안정하여 성층권에서 오존층을 파괴하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 또한 $N_2O$는 분해하기가 쉽지 않아 고온 열분해 시키는 방법 외에 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 촉매에 의해 선택적으로 분해시키는 방법이 알려져 있으나 대개 NOx가 같이 존재하여 $N_2O$ 분해를 방해하는 역할을 한다. 본 보문은 국내외의 $N_2O$ 발생원에 대한 내역과 더불어 각종 온실가스 저감사업에 의한 배출권 거래현황과 탄소시장의 성장 및 $N_2O$ 저감사업의 위치, $N_2O$ 촉매 분해에 관한 기술개발의 현황과 방향, 그리고 CDM 사업으로서의 전망 등을 분석 집약하였다.

Keywords

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