• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1981

The patterns of isoperoxidase in needle-leaves of 23 species of the genus Pinus were analyzed by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Each species had a unique band pattern. In all, 56 isoperoxidase bands were identified, of which 9 to 35 isoperoxidase bands were possessed by single species. No single band was common to all Pinus species but when band patterns were grouped into 7 types, type II was considered to be the specific to genus Pinus. The results of this experiment indicated that various Pinus species had their more or less specific band patterns of peroxidase.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2014

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from Pinus koraiensis needles by open column chromatography. The structures isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of P. koraiensis needles were elucidated as afzelin (1) and quercitrin (2) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including $^1H$-NMR and MS. The amounts of afzelin (1) and quercitrin (2) in genus Pinus were determined by HPLC/UV analysis. Afzelin (1) and quercitrin (2) contents were highest in P. thunbergii needles. Because P. thunbergii needles contain high amounts of afzelin (1) and quercitrin (2), they have promising potential as new additives to natural medicinal products, health supplements, and beverages.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

This text was analyzed and investigated the vegetation and floristic composition by cluster analysis and classification of phytosociological method, to evaluate the species composition, habitat environment and community structure of Liriope platyphylla and Liriope spicata group in Korea. The southeast slope gradient of the habitat of L. platyphylla and L. spicata was 6.7 to 8.4%, and the habitat altitude of L. platyphylla (41.0 m), L. spicata (114.9 m) was different. Habitat distribution of L. spicata was broader than L. platyphylla. Appearing plants of L. platyphylla and L. spicata group was 58 taxa, 99 taxa, respectively, and Coverage of tree layer was 87.5%, 92.5% respectively. In genus Liriope group, the highest appearing frequency of plant grow in the moist valley as Quercus serrata. Thus, plants of genus Liriope growth was better in moist shade. The vegetation of L. platyphylla group was classified into Quercus serrata community, Castanopsis sieboldii community, Pinus densiflora community and Pinus thunbergii community, and the Liriope spicata group was classified into Quercus serrata community, Quercus alien community, Quercus acutissima community, Prunus verecunda community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Pinus densiflora community and Pinus thunbergii community. In genus Liriope group, Quercus serrata and Pinus densiflora communities was the closest the similarities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2011

Today, the weather is changing continually, due to the progress of global warming. As the weather changes, the habitats of different organisms will change as well. It cannot be predicted whether or not the weather will change with each passing day. In particular, the biological distribution of the areas climate change affects constitutes a major factor in determining the natural state of indigenous plants; additionally, plants are constantly exposed to rhizobacteria, which are bound to be sensitive to these changes. Interest has grown in the relationship between plants and rhizopheric microorganisms. As a result of this interest we elected to research and experiment further. We researched the dominant changes that occur between plants and rhizospheric organisms due to global warming. First, we used temperature as a variable. We employed four different temperatures and four different sites: room temperature ($27^{\circ}C$), $+2^{\circ}C$, $+4^{\circ}C$, and $+6^{\circ}C$. The four different sites we used were populated by the following strains: Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus acutissima. We counted colonies of these plants and divided them. Then, using 16S rRNA analysis we identified the microorganisms. In conclusion, we identified the following genera, which were as follows: 24 strains of Bacillus, 6 Paenibacillus strains, 1 Pseudomonas strains. Among these genera, the dominant strains in Pinus densiflora was discovered in the same genus. Additionally, those of Pinus koraiensis and Quercus acutissima changed in both genus and strains which changed into the Bacillus genus from the Paenibacillus genus at $33^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1979

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potentially valuable resources. As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Pinus, Quercus and Populus grown in korea can be enhanced by Knowing its chemical Properties. Specially, uses of bark in mulching, growing media and soil amendment can be enhanced by knowing pH and C.E.C values. In this paper, an investigative study is carried out on the pH-and C.E.C-values. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Bark is acid in nature, and pH values of bark varying from 3.3 to 4.7, is lower than that of wood.pH value of Pinus is the lowest. 2. Cation exchange capacity of bark is greater than that of wood, silt loam soil, and wheat straw.CEC of bark is 45.7 meq/100gm in Pinus, 41.8 meq/100gm in populus, 37.8 meq/100gm in Quercus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 1975

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 1987

A pollen analytical study was carried out on the accumulated humus samples collected from 27 sites under the different plant communities of Mt. Seolag. These pollen spectra were then compared with the actual vegetation. The aboreal pollen(AP) and non-abnoreal pollen(NAP) were 1 Family 25 Genus and 5 Family 5 Genus, respectively. Among the aboreal pollen identified, the pollen of Pinus, Quercus, Betula and Acer were appeared in abundance and the coniferous pollen of Pinus was occupied at least 20%-65% through all the sites studied. The pollens of Abies, Betula, accer, Quercus, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Styrax, Prunus and Ericaceae were in accordance with the present vegetation but the other pollens were inconsistent with the actual vegetaton. It suggests that it was caused by the difference between Wehseolag and Namseolag of subalpine zone in Mt. Seolag was 200 m by pollen spectra. Quercus was distributed at the lower part of Namseolag and the subalpine boreal elements were increased with increasing altitudes. The pollen spectra of each site was put together into 5 groups of pollen assemblage by cluster analysis and the community coefficient (CC) was over 60% between all sites studied.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the range of distribution and vegetation structure of habitats of genus Cymbidium which is distributed in Jeju Island, Korea. This genus is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and North Australia. In Korea, there are six species [i. e. C. goeringii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f., C. kanran Makino, C. lancifolium Blume var. aspdistrifolium (Fukuy.) S. S. Ying., C. macrorhizum Lindl., C. nagifolium Masam. and C. ensifolium L.], which were also distributed in Jeju Island. The habitats of this genus ranged between 16 meter and 574 meter above sea level in Jeju Island. C. macrorhizum had the broadest altitudinal range (16-574 meter above sea level), whereas C. ensifolium, C. nagifolium and C. lancifolium var. aspidistrifolium had the narrow altitudinal range. According to the classification analysis by TWINSPAN, the plant communities were divided into five groups of Castanopsis sieboldii community, Castanopsis sieboldii-Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima community, Pinus thunbergii community and Quercus glauca- Aphananthe aspera community. Three species, C. kanran, C. nagifolium, and C. ensifolium inhabited Castanopsis sieboldii community and C. lancifolium var. aspdistrifolium inhabited Castanopsis sieboldii-Pinus thunbergii community. C. macrorhizum inhabited Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima community and Quercus glauca-Aphananthe aspera community. C. goeringii inhabitated Castanopsis sieboldii-Pinus thunbergii community and Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima community. The populations of the genus Cymbidium have been extremely decreased due to illegal collection in Jeju Island. Especially, the distribution range of C. kanran, C. nagifolium, and C. ensifolium was narrow and limited to evergreen broad-leaved forests, therefore, conservation plans are needed for the protection of these species.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and frequency of ectomycorrhizal fungi by cutting levels in Quercus acuta and Pinus densiflora stands from June to October, 2001. The obtained results from investigation were as follows, 1. The total of fungi found during the surveyed periods were 50 species, 30 genus, 15 families. The fungi belonged to Agaricales(37 species, 18 genus, 7 families), Aphllophorales(7 species, 6 genus, 3 families), Auriculariales(1 species, 1 genus, 1 families) and Gasteromycetes(5 species, 5 genus, 4 families), Basidiomycota. 2. The total number of putative ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies were 137 individuals, 22 species, 10 genus, 5 families, 79 individuals, 10 species, 6 genus, 3 families at strip-cutting area of Pinus densiflora stand, 24 individuals, 9 species, 5 genus, 4 families at strip-cutting area of Quercus acuta stand and 25 individuals, 10 species, 4 genus, 3 families at spacing cutting area of Quercus acuta stand. 3. Tylropilus neofelleus had high host specificity associated with Chamaecyparis obtusa, while Amanita pseudoporphyria had relatively wide host ranges compared to other ectomycorrhizal fungi. 4. The results analyzed by Correlation coefficients showed that relative humidity and precipitation were major enviromental factors to affect the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2011

Pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of 315 sites were classified by applying the phytosociological method, TWINSPAN and DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). The floristic composition and diversity patterns of the vegetation types analyzed and documented. The vegetation types were classified 8 groups including 4 groups of Quercus mongolica type and 4 groups of Quercus serrata-Smilax china type. Taxonomically, Compositae was the most diverse family (21 genus, 45 species) and followed in order of Liliaceae (18 genus, 34 species), Rosaceae (17 genus, 34 species), and Leguminosae (15 genus, 25 species). The patterns of species richness, diveristy and evenness were significantly different among the vegetation types. In altitudinal pattern of species diversity, species richness monotonically decreased but species evenness increased with increasing altitude.