• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 2013

The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), a long-lived greenhouse gas, in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic source, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. Quantifying $N_2O$ emission from agricultural field is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. The objective of the study was to develop emission factor to estimate direct $N_2O$ emission from agricultural field in Gangwon-do, Korea by measuring $N_2O$ emissions from potato (Solanum tuberosum), red pepper (Capsicum annum L.), and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) cultivation lands from 2009 to 2012. Accumulated $N_2O$ emission was $1.48{\pm}0.25kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for red pepper, $1.27{\pm}0.27kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for potato, $1.49{\pm}0.06kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage cultivated in spring, and $1.14{\pm}0.22kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ for fall Chinese cabbage. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated from accumulated $N_2O$ emission, nitrogen fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission was $0.0051{\pm}0.0016kg$ $N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$ N for cropland in Gangwon province. More extensive study is deserved to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factor for upland crops in Korea through examining the emission factors from various regions and crops because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

Due to low annual average temperature, road tunnel lining in domestic cold region (Gangwon province) experiences durability problems. The financial and human damage due to cracks, breakout, exfoliation and water leakage increases every year. However, domestic research on effect of temperature on road tunnel lining damage is insufficient. Thus, this research has investigated 70 tunnels located in cold region (Gangwon-do) to analyze damage status. Furthermore, by contrasting damage on tunnels in relatively warm Gangneung area with those in relatively cold Hongcheon area, the effect of temperature on road tunnel lining damage was analyzed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2017

Infections of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti are reported in many wild animals worldwide, but information on their incidence and molecular detection in Korean wild fields is limited. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti infection in blood samples of 5 animal species (37 Chinese water deer, 23 raccoon dogs, 6 roe deer, 1 wild boar, and 3 Eurasian badgers) was examined during 2008-2009 in Gangwon-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea) by using serological and molecular tests. The overall seropositivity of T. gondii was 8.6% (6/70); 10.8% in Chinese water deer, 4.3% in raccoon dogs, and 16.7% in roe deer. PCR revealed only 1 case of T. gondii infection in Chinese water deer, and phylogenic analysis showed that the positive isolate was practically identical to the highly pathogenetic strain type I. In B. microti PCR, the positive rate was 5.7% (4/70), including 2 Chinese water deer and 2 Eurasian badgers. Phylogenetic analysis results of 18S rRNA and the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene showed that all positive isolates were US-type B. microti. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. microti detected in Chinese water deer and Eurasian badger from Korea. These results indicate a potentially high prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti in wild animals of Gangwon-do, Korea. Furthermore, Chinese water deer might act as a reservoir for parasite infections of domestic animals.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.317-323
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• 2019

Amid the recent growing social demand for wellness culture and healing tourism, I, through a literature survey and case study, reviewed the conditions of healing tourism in Gangwon-do as a destination of healing tourism, and examined the development project of Gangwon-do type healing tourism and commercialization of the wellness perspective. According to the survey, it was found that the Yeongdong area in Gangwon Province had excellent healing-based conditions in virtue of abundant natural resources, but it was found that it was necessary for local governments to cooperate in order to prevent overlapping investments and create synergy effects by connecting with one another as development contents or business items of healing tourism projects overlap or remain in the planning stage. In the case of Goseong-gun, which was reviewed as the main site, it has high potential as a silver-healing tour and if the County seeks a wellness merchandising strategy for each healing tourism target based on a therapy program linked with local specialized resources, and effectively links and specializes regional strengths in Gangwon-do's Yeongdong region, it is expected to become a regional success story of operating the development of the local tourism for silver and health-oriented tourists.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2021

This study analyzed all medical institutions located in the Yeongbuk area of Gangwon Province by dividing the use of medical institutions by "including nursing hospitals" and "excluding nursing hospitals" from 2003 to 2017. As a result, high blood pressure, dementia, musculoskeletal diseases, small-scale mechanical diseases, and other diseases were accounted for in the use of hospitalization for the elderly (including nursing hospitals) in the Yeongbuk region. In the case of hospitalization use of the elderly population (excluding nursing hospitals), blood and circulation machine diseases, digestive and urinary system diseases, mental diseases, and other diseases, including high blood pressure, were shown in the order. Therefore, the treatment and health care of the elderly are very important, and the expansion of public health organizations is necessary to establish governance with local medical institutions, organizations, universities, etc. Based on this, health projects should be carried out at a preventive level to maintain a healthy life for senior citizens in Yeongbuk, Gangwon-do.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.313-334
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• 2023

Mt. Taebaeksan extends from Gangwon-do Province (Taebaek-si, Youngwon-gu, and Jeongseon-gun) to Gyeongsangbuk-do Province (Bongwha-gun), South Korea. Indigenous fungi present in the park were investigated between 2019 and 2022. All collected specimens were identified to the species level based on their morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA. Among them, 17 species-Cyanosporus bifarius, Dacryobolus angiospermarum, Entoloma sericeum, Flammulina rossica, Fuscopostia leucomallella, Homophron helvolescens, Hygrophorus queletii, Hymenochaete huangshanensis, Inocybe albodiscoides, Lactarius fulvihirtipes, Lepiota ignivolvata, Physisporinus eminens, Ramaria gracilis, Russula albolutea, Russula cremicolor, Stropharia lignicola, and Tengioboletus subglutinosus-were newly recorded macromycota in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.324-334
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the related health risk by investigating the content of biogenic amines (BAs) in commercial fermented alcoholic beverages. Methods: Ninety-seven samples, including takjus (34), fruit wines (26), distilled liquors (20) and beers (17) were purchased in Gangwon-do (Province) in 2019. The eight BAs (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, histamine, and tryptamine) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) after extraction (0.4 M HClO₄), pigment removal (carbon cartridge) and derivatization (1% dansylchloride). The health risk of exposure to BAs due to ingestion of commercial fermented alcoholic beverages was estimated as the margin of exposure (MOE). Results: Various BAs were detected in takju, fruit wine, distilled liquor and beer. Putrescine (not detected (ND)-12.60 mg/L), cadaverine (ND-5.45 mg/L), tyramine (ND-8.34 mg/L), β-phenylethylamine (ND-13.73 mg/L), histamine (ND-7.96 mg/L), and tryptamine (ND-19.00 mg/L) were found in takju. Putrescine (ND-15.34 mg/L), cadaverine (ND-7.90 mg/L), β-phenylethylamine (ND-3.06 mg/L), histamine (ND-9.68 mg/L), and tryptamine (ND-14.06 mg/L) were identified in fruit wine. Putrescine (less than limit of detection (

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

In total, 654,362 adult mosquitoes were captured using black light traps in Gangwon-do Province of the Republic of Korea from 2012 to 2017. The collected mosquitoes were identified to the species level, placed in pools of up to 50 mosquitoes each, by species and date of collection, and screened for flaviviruses using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. A total of 276,224 adult mosquitoes were grouped in 7,721 pools for virus testing, and 68 flavivirus positive pools (0.9%) were detected. Flavivirus-positive products were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Japanese encephalitis viruses were detected in single pools collected from Chuncheon (2012, 2017: Culex pipiens, 2,728 and 1,111 mosquitoes, respectively), Hoengseong (2013: Culex orientalis, 19), and Gangneung (2017: C. pipiens, 724). All the Japanese encephalitis viruses detected were revealed as genotype V. Chaoyang viruses were detected in 63 pools of 5,055 Aedes vexans nipponii and a single pool of 585 C. pipiens collected in Gangwon-do Province from 2012 to 2017. Chuncheon was the region with the highest minimum infection rates (MIR, 0.32) and maximum likehood estimate (MLE, 0.33; confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.23-0.46) of A. vexans nipponii for Chaoyang virus, followed by Hoengseong (MIR 0.30, MLE 0.30, CI 0.16-0.52) and Gangneung (MIR 0.21, MLE 0.21, CI 0.13-0.31). Monthly MIR and MLE values of A. vexans nipponii for Chaoyang virus were the highest in October (MIR 0.38, MLE 0.38, CI 0.07-1.25).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.170-186
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the usage characteristics of the DMZ Punchbowl Trail (DPT) as a national forest trail (NFT) and to estimate its ripple effects on the local economy. The objective of this study is to provide policy implications for sustainable operational management. Out of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 215 respondents provided their complete travel itineraries and expenditures. The respondents, mainly aged 50 and above and residing in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, spend 3.5 hours of travel time to the DPT. Together with their families, the respondents typically spend approximately 4 hours for leisurely activities, primarily appreciation of scenic views and relaxation by visiting the "O-yubatgil." Furthermore, they extend their travels to other parts of Gangwon Province, where the DPT is situated. Within Gangwon Province, Yanggu County is the most visited destination. The respondents reported a notably higher average expenditure per visitor compared with the typical local walking tourists. Estimates show that the DPT generates an annual average of KRW 2.1 billion in direct expenditure (based on an average of 10,000 visitors for over five years), KRW 2.8 billion in production, and KRW 1.3 billion in added value, and it has created 40 jobs in Gangwon Province. The results of this study lies in empirically determining the specific economic scale and ripple effects of DPT as an NFT in the major sector, which occupies a significant portion of the Gangwon Province's local economy. The results will be instrumental in validating NFT policies and informing policy making for sustainable forest utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.120-140
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• 2013

We investigated the occurrence of red tide, harmful algal blooms(HABs), at the end of 14th century until the beginning of 19th century recorded in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which are the authentic and encyclopedic annual records of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. In total, 81 cases of HABs are recorded in the annals for which authors draw a table and maps. The number of HABs occurrence at each sea is as follows: 68 times at the South Sea; 50 times at the East Sea; and 23 times at the Yellow Sea. A region hit by red tide most frequently was Gyeongsang-do Province (over 80 times), which borders on both the South Sea and the East Sea. HABs written in the annals follow two distinctive occurrence patterns. The first pattern shows red tide started at Gangwon-do Province in March, spread north to Hamgyeongnam-do Province in April, and moved further north to Hamgyeongbuk-do Province in May and June. On the other hand, the second pattern shows red tide occurred in Gyeongsangnam-do Province in August and then expanded north to Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in September. HABs generally happened from March to September, culminating in August. Paralytic shellfish poisoning incidents involving human deaths were reported in Jinhae, Geoje and Tongyeong, occurring February to June. Fish mortality increased throughout Gyeongsang-do Province from July to September. HABs occurred on an extensive scale from 1394 to 1451 and again from 1654 to 1706. HABs also occurred on a lesser scale from 1493 to 1534 and again from 1588 to 1609. In general, vast HABs occurred in odd years (1399, 1403, 1413 and 1681).