Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회지)

The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회)
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A Study of Red Tide(HABs) in the Annals of the Joseon Daynasty

조선왕조실록의 적조(HABs) 고찰

  • Min, Seung-Hwan (Department of Fishery and Ocean Information Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institude) ;
  • Suh, Young-Sang (Department of Fishery and Ocean Information Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institude) ;
  • Park, Jong-Woo (Department of Fishery and Ocean Information Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institude) ;
  • Hwang, Jae-Dong (Department of Fishery and Ocean Information Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institude)
  • 민승환 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 서영상 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 박종우 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 황재동 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과)
  • Received : 2013.10.16
  • Accepted : 2013.11.29
  • Published : 2013.12.31
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Abstract

We investigated the occurrence of red tide, harmful algal blooms(HABs), at the end of 14th century until the beginning of 19th century recorded in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which are the authentic and encyclopedic annual records of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. In total, 81 cases of HABs are recorded in the annals for which authors draw a table and maps. The number of HABs occurrence at each sea is as follows: 68 times at the South Sea; 50 times at the East Sea; and 23 times at the Yellow Sea. A region hit by red tide most frequently was Gyeongsang-do Province (over 80 times), which borders on both the South Sea and the East Sea. HABs written in the annals follow two distinctive occurrence patterns. The first pattern shows red tide started at Gangwon-do Province in March, spread north to Hamgyeongnam-do Province in April, and moved further north to Hamgyeongbuk-do Province in May and June. On the other hand, the second pattern shows red tide occurred in Gyeongsangnam-do Province in August and then expanded north to Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in September. HABs generally happened from March to September, culminating in August. Paralytic shellfish poisoning incidents involving human deaths were reported in Jinhae, Geoje and Tongyeong, occurring February to June. Fish mortality increased throughout Gyeongsang-do Province from July to September. HABs occurred on an extensive scale from 1394 to 1451 and again from 1654 to 1706. HABs also occurred on a lesser scale from 1493 to 1534 and again from 1588 to 1609. In general, vast HABs occurred in odd years (1399, 1403, 1413 and 1681).

조선왕조실록을 통해 14세기 말부터 19세기 초까지 적조(HABs) 발생상을 분석하였다. 적조기사는 모두 81건으로 표로 정리하고, 적조지도를 구축하였다. 해역별 발생횟수는 남해 62건, 동해 50건 그리고 황해 22건으로 나타났다. 남해와 동해에 접한 경상도에서는 82건으로 가장 많았다. 경상남도에서 함경북도까지의 적조발생은 두 가지 형태로 나타났는데 첫 번째는 3월 강원도에서 시작되어 4월 함경남도에서 발생이 증가하고 5, 6월에는 중심이 함경북도로 북상하는 형태이다. 두 번째는 8월 경상남도를 중심으로 발생하다 9월에는 경상북도에서 발생이 증가하는 형태이다. 월별 발생 수는 8월이 가장 높았다. 그 외는 대부분 4~9월에 나타났다. 그 중 조개류를 먹고 인명 피해가 발생한 사례는 2~6월 진해, 거제, 통영에서 나타났다. 수산물 피해는 7~9월 경상도연안 전반에서 나타났다. 적조가 대규모로 발생한 시기는 1394~1451년, 1654~1706년으로 나타났고, 적조의 소규모 발생은 1493~1534년, 1588~1609년 이었으며, 공통적으로 홀수 해(1399, 1403, 1413, 1681년)에 대발생을 보였다.

Keywords

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