• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 감마선 검출 시스템을 개발하여 평행구멍형 조준기와 바늘구멍 조준기를 이용하여, 각각 소동물용 감마영상 획득과 환경 방사선 검출 영상을 획득하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 크기가 $50{\times}50mm$ 이며, 6 mm 두께의 CsI(Tl) 섬광체와 $50{\times}50mm$ 크기의 Hamamatsu H8500C 위치민감형 광전자증배관, 저항분배회로, 전치증폭기, 성형증폭기, NIM 모듈 및 아날로그 디지털 변환기로 구성된 감마카메라를 개발하였다. 또한. 바늘구멍 감마카메라와 전하결합소자 카메라를 결합하여 환경모니터링에 적용할 수 있는 장비를 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과는 평행 구멍형 조준기와 바늘구멍 조준기를 이용한 감마카메라를 각각 소동물용 감마영상 획득과 환경방사선 측정에 적용 할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이 시스템은 소 동물전용 감마카메라와 환경방사선 측정 시스템으로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.2594-2600
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• 2020

A gamma camera system using radionuclide has a functional imaging technique and is frequently used in the field of nuclear medicine. In the gamma camera, it is extremely important to improve the image quality to ensure accurate detection of diseases. In this study, we designed a blind-deconvolution framework after a noise-reduction algorithm based on a non-local mean, which has been shown to outperform conventional methodologies with regard to the gamma camera system. For this purpose, we performed a simulation using the Monte Carlo method and conducted an experiment. The image performance was evaluated by visual assessment and according to the intensity profile, and a quantitative evaluation using a normalized noise-power spectrum was performed on the acquired image and the blind-deconvolution image after noise reduction. The result indicates an improvement in image performance for gamma camera images when our proposed algorithm is used.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2015

Recently, new gamma camera systems enabling low radiation dose imaging have been developed. We reviewed the recent development of these low dose gamma camera systems including high sensitivity detectors, device structures, noise reduction filters, efficient image reconstruction algorithms, low dose protocols, and so on. It is expected that further technological advances reduce both radiation dose and imaging time in gamma camera imaging especially for radiation-sensitive patients such as pediatric patients.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2567-2571
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• 2023

Scintillator materials are widely used in the medical and industrial fields for imaging systems using gamma cameras. In this study, image evaluation is performed by modeling a gamma camera system based on a lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillation detector using a pinhole collimator that can improve the spatial resolution. A LYSO detector-based gamma camera system is modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation tool. The geometric concept of the pinhole collimator is designed using various magnification factors, and the spatial resolution is measured using the acquired source image. To evaluate the resolution, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and natural image quality assessment (NIQE), a no-reference-based parameter, are used. We confirm that the FWHM and NIQE values decrease simultaneously when the diameter of the pinhole collimator increases. Additionally, we confirm that the spatial resolution improves as the magnification factor increases under the same pinhole diameter condition. Particularly, a 0.57 mm FWHM value is obtained using the modeled gamma camera system with a LYSO scintillation detector. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a pinhole collimator with a LYSO scintillation detector is a promising gamma camera imaging system.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.1450-1455
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• 2009

Assumed that an IPTV camera system is to be used as an ad-hoc sensor for the surveillance and diagnostics of safety-critical equipments installed in the in-containment building of the nuclear power plant, an major problem is the presence of high dose-rate gamma irradiation fields inside the one. In order to uses an IPTV camera in such intense gamma radiation environment of the in-containment building, the radiation-weakened devices including a CCD imaging sensor, FPGA, ASIC and microprocessors are to be properly shielded from high dose-rate gamma radiation using the high-density material, lead or tungsten. But the passive elements such as mirror, lens and window, which are placed in the optical path of the CCD imaging sensor, are exposed to a high dose-rate gamma ray source directly. So, the gamma-ray irradiation characteristics of the passive elements, is needed to test. A CCD camera lens, made of glass material, have been gamma irradiated at the dose rate of 4.2 kGy/h during an hour up to a total dose of 4 kGy. The radiation induced color-center in the glass lens is observed. The degradation performance of the gamma irradiated lens is explained using an color component analysis.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Liposomes are defined as spherical, self-closed structures formed by lipid bilayers containing aqueous phase. Most liposomes are composed of various amphipathic lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol. We used amphipathic lipids (DPPC, DPPG) as liposome components and prepared around 100 nm liposomes by standard extrusion method. Nuclear/MR dual imaging agents based on liposome platform were prepared by adding radioactive $^{131}I$-HIB (hexadecyl-4-tributylstannylbenzoate) and Gd-DTPA into liposome bilayer and inside liposome, respectively. Gamma camera and MR imaging both showed signal increases in liver.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2021

In the present study, a large-area hybrid gamma imaging system was designed by adopting coded aperture imaging on the basis of a large-area Compton camera to achieve high imaging performance throughout a broad energy range (100-2000 keV). The system consisting of a tungsten coded aperture mask and monolithic NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors was designed through a series of Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations, in consideration of both imaging sensitivity and imaging resolution. Then, the performance of the system was predicted by Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations for point sources under various conditions. Our simulation results show that the system provides very high imaging sensitivity (i.e., low values for minimum detectable activity, MDA), thus allowing for imaging of low-activity sources at distances impossible with coded aperture imaging or Compton imaging alone. In addition, the imaging resolution of the system was found to be high (i.e., around 6°) over the broad energy range of 59.5-1330 keV.

• Biomedical Engineering Letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2018

For prompt gamma ray imaging for biomedical applications and environmental radiation monitoring, we propose herein a multiple-scattering Compton camera (MSCC). MSCC consists of three or more semiconductor layers with good energy resolution, and has potential for simultaneous detection and differentiation of multiple radio-isotopes based on the measured energies, as well as three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the radio-isotope distribution. In this study, we developed an analytic simulator and a 3D image generator for a MSCC, including the physical models of the radiation source emission and detection processes that can be utilized for geometry and performance prediction prior to the construction of a real system. The analytic simulator for a MSCC records coincidence detections of successive interactions in multiple detector layers. In the successive interaction processes, the emission direction of the incident gamma ray, the scattering angle, and the changed traveling path after the Compton scattering interaction in each detector, were determined by a conical surface uniform random number generator (RNG), and by a Klein-Nishina RNG. The 3D image generator has two functions: the recovery of the initial source energy spectrum and the 3D spatial distribution of the source. We evaluated the analytic simulator and image generator with two different energetic point radiation sources (Cs-137 and Co-60) and with an MSCC comprising three detector layers. The recovered initial energies of the incident radiations were well differentiated from the generated MSCC events. Correspondingly, we could obtain a multi-tracer image that combined the two differentiated images. The developed analytic simulator in this study emulated the randomness of the detection process of a multiple-scattering Compton camera, including the inherent degradation factors of the detectors, such as the limited spatial and energy resolutions. The Doppler-broadening effect owing to the momentum distribution of electrons in Compton scattering was not considered in the detection process because most interested isotopes for biomedical and environmental applications have high energies that are less sensitive to Doppler broadening. The analytic simulator and image generator for MSCC can be utilized to determine the optimal geometrical parameters, such as the distances between detectors and detector size, thus affecting the imaging performance of the Compton camera prior to the development of a real system.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

방사선원과 감마카메라 사이에 위치한 산란매질의 종류, 두께 그리고 조준기 종류가 감마카메라 영상에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 실험과 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 감마카메라는 조준기, NaI(T1) 섬광결정(60$\times$60$\times$6 ㎣), 위치민감형 광전자증배관(PSPMT), NIMs, 제어용 컴퓨터를 사용하여 개발하였다. 시뮬레이션은 산란매질(아크릴매질/공기)의 두께 변화(0～8 cm)와 조준기의 종류(평행구멍형조준기/확산형조준기) 변화에 따라 계산하였으며 실험 역시 시뮬레이션과 같은 조건으로 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 보면, 매질의 두께가 0 cmn에서 8 cm로 증가하면, 계수율은 평행구멍형조준기의 경우 17%(공기), 60%(아크릴) 감소하였으며 확산형 조준기의 경우 감소율이 더 심하여 각각 86%(공기), 98%(아크릴)의 계수율 감소를 보였다. 실제 실험 결과도 시뮬레이션 결과와 비슷하게 매질의 두께가 0 cm에서 8 cm로 증가하면 평행구멍형조준기의 경우 계수율은 10%(공기), 54%(아크릴) 감소하였으며 확산형조준기의 경우 36%(공기), 63%(아크릴)의 계수율 감소를 보였다. 영상의 공간분해능 역시 매질의 두께가 증가할수록 저하되었다. 연구결과 소형 감마카메라를 임상적으로 사용하고자 할 때 감마카메라를 질환 부위에 최대한 밀착시키고 산란매질 두께를 최소화해야 고효율, 고분해능 영상을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 1995

A new gamma camera using a-Si : H photodetectors has been designed for the imaging of heart and other small organs. In this new design the photomultiplier tubes and the position sensing circuitry are replaced by 2-D array of a-Si : H p-i-n pixel photode tectors and readout circuitry which are built on a substrate. Without the photomultiplier tubes this camera is light weight, hence can be made portable. To predict the characteristics and the performance of this new gamma camera we did Monte Carlo simulations. In the simulations 128${\times}$128 imaging array of various pixel sixes were used. $\^$99m/Tc(140keV)and $\^$201/Tl(70keV) were used as radiation sources. From the simulations we could obtain the resolution of the camera and ther overall system, and the blurring effects due to scattering in the phantom. Using the Wiener filter for image processing, restoration of the blurred image could be achieved. Simulation results of a-Si : H based gamma camera were compared with those of a conwentional gamma camera.