• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Spoilage fungi can reduce the shelf life of fresh fruits and cause economic losses by lowering quality. Especially, mulberry fruits have high sensitivity to fungal attack due to their high water content (> 70%) and soft texture. In addition, the surface of these fruits is prone to damage during harvesting and postharvest handling. However, any study on postharvest spoilage fungi in mulberry fruit has not been reported in Korea. This study aimed to examine the spoilage fungi occurring in mulberry fruits during storage after harvest. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we isolated postharvest spoilage fungi from mulberry fruits stored in refrigerator (fresh fruits) and deep-freezer (frozen fruits) and identified them. In the phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of the ITS rDNA sequences, the 18 spoilage fungi isolated from mulberry fruits and the 25 reference sequences were largely divided into seven groups that were subsequently verified by high bootstrap analysis of 73 to 100. Alternaria spp. including A. alternate and A. tenuissima, were the most frequently isolated fungi among the spoilage isolates: its occurrence was the highest among the 18 isolates (38.9%). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will be helpful for increasing the shelf life of mulberry fruits through the application of appropriate control measures against infection by spoilage fungi during storage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to compare with the growth and fruit quality of Citrullus lanatus cv. Mudeungsan and Citrullus vulgaris cv. Dalgona grown in fertigation and soilless culture. Seeds were sown on April 16 and transplanted on April 24, 1998. Cultural systems used in fertigation and soilless culture beds using mixed substrate, coir dust (50%) and perlite (50%). In the plot of fertigation system, the number of leaves of cv. Dalgona were increased more than that of cv Mudeungsan, but leaf area shown inversed trend. Plant growth shown greater in soilless culture than those of fertigation culture. In regardless of cultural systems, soluble solid content in fruit was higher in the cv. Dalgona than that of cv. Mudeungsan, but fruit fresh weight was greater in cv. Mudeungsan compare to the cv Dalgona. Nitrate content in petiole sap of watermelon in regardless of cultivars and cultural systems was 11.4∼13.4mg/gFW on 15 days after transplanting, and then increased to 17.1∼20.6mg/gFW on the fruit growth stage. Phosphorous content was 3.7∼5.7mg/gFW in the early growth stage while decreased to 0.6∼1.1mg/gFW from maturing stage to harvesting stage. Potassium content was increased to 5.8∼6.6mg/gFW in the early growth stage while decreased to 4.0∼4.8mg/gFW from pollination stage to harvesting stage. Calcium content in spa petiole of watermelon was higher in soilless culture as 3.4∼4.1mg/gFW than 2.5∼3.5mg/gFW of fertigation culture, but calcium content in fertigation culture during maturing stage was higher than that of soilless culture. The tendency of magnesium uptake was higher in fertigation culture than that of soilless culture, and was similarly absorbed in the range of 0.9∼1.3mg/gFW in regardless of cultural method after pollination. It was demonstrated that cv. Mudeungsan can be adapted to soilless culture and improved the fruit quality. Consequently, hydroponic possibility for year round culture in the greenhouse was recognized.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.258-269
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• 1982

The nutritional status of fruit leaves of sweet persimmon and soil conditions were observed in the fifty five blocks of fruit farms of sweet persimmon in Gimhae, Gyeong-nam area. 1. The soil of fruit farm was composed of more than 20% of gravel in the most part of the fruit farms. 2. The strong acidity was observed in the soil of young fruit farms but the acidity of the farm soils was improved to week acid with increase of age of fruit trees. 3. The great variation in the content of available phosphate were observed in the soil from different fruit farm blocks and the lime content were relatively low in the most of the farm soils. 4. The contents of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium in leaves of sweet persimmon collected in July and October were lower than those collected in May but reverse tendency was observed in the content of calcium, magnesium and sodium. 5. The content of boron in leaves collected in May was similar to that collected in July but extremely high content of boron was observed in the loaves collected in October, harvesting period of sweet persimmon. 6. The contents of iron and manganese in the leaves of sweet persimmon were observed to be relatively high compared to the content in the leaves of other fruit trees. 7. The relatively great variation in such inorganic components as iron, copper and boron was observed in the fruit leaves of sweet persimmon according to the different fruit farm blocks. 8. The ages of fruit trees didn't have an effect on the content of inorganic components in the fruit leaves except the content of nitrogen which was decreased with the increase of the ages of fruit trees.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.577-582
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• 2011

Greenhouse satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc., cv. Gungchun) of an early harvesting cultivar were treated by hot water showering at 65$^{\circ}C$ for 10 s at a commercial scale in a packing house and then stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks and subsequently at 18$^{\circ}C$ for 1 week (simulated shelf-life) to examine the potential use of hot water treatment (HWT) as an environmentally benign method to maintain mandarin quality characteristics during postharvest storage and sale. The respiration rate just after heat treatment or during storage was at a similar level in both the treated and untreated fruit. HWT also had no detrimental effects on quality attributes including pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, weight loss, firmness, and peel color. The development of stem-end rot, mold decay, and black rot was lower in the heat-treated fruit compared to those in the untreated control. A sensory evaluation showed that HWT markedly improved fruit appearance, making the fruit cleaner and glossier. The results suggested that HWT can be applied to satsuma mandarin as an effective pretreatment to maintain postharvest quality during storage and marketing.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of ridge direction (south-north) on temperature and light intensity on early growth of oriental melon under east-west oriented vinyl house cultivation. The air-temperature of minimum between north and south-ridge in the tunnel of vinyl house was $12.5^[\circ}C\;and\;11.3^{\circ}C$ and that of maximum between north and south-ridge was $36.7^{\circ}C\;and\;34.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The minimum and maximum air-temperature of north-ridge in the tunnel of vinyl house on Feb. 15 were $12^{\circ}C\;and\;2.0^{\circ}C$ higher than those of south-ridge, respectively. The intensity of daylight between south and north-ridge was similar during 9:00-10:30 a.m., that of south-ridge was higher than north-ridge during 10:30-11:30 a.m. and that of north-ridge was higher than south-ridge during 11:30-17:30. The plant growth after 55 days of planting on the north-ridge was prominent cultivation compared to south-ridge. The female flowering and first harvesting day were earlier in north-ridge than in south ridge. The marketable fruits rate and yields (kg/10a) were $6.7\%$ and 218kg higher in north-ridge cultivation than south-ridge, respectively. Differences of marketable fruit rate and yield (kg/10a) in each ridge were significant.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2014

We bred a new strain of Pleurotus eryngii having few number of fruit body per bottle. It's name is 'Saegonji' and it was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E12-176 and monokaryotic strain 'aerini No.3' in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyonggi province A.R.E.S. The characteristics of a new strain 'Saegonji' are as follows. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was from 23 to $26^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium and those for the primodium formation and the growth of fruit body were about $15^{\circ}C$. The period from spawn innoculation to harvesting required around 51 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The number of fruit body per bottle was 12.8 and it was 9.3 less than 'Keunneutari No.2'. The length was 135.8 mm. It was longer than 'Keunneutari No.2', The color of cap was white grey, while that of 'Keunneutari No.2' was grey. The yield was about 159 g per bottle(1100cc) and it was same as Keunneutari No.2.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of daytime temperature on fruit crack-ing in the paprika cv. Fiesta and cv. Jubilee under soil culture experiment of vinyl house for two years from 2003 to 2004. The rate of cracked fruit was higher in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and was the highest at the high daytime temperature of $34\pm$$1^{\circ}C$. and then rapidly increased after April becomes better weather conditions. The flesh hardness and the rate of flesh dry weight were lower in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and were the lowest at the high daytime temperature of $34\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. but the thickness of flesh was thicker in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and was the thinnest at the high daytime temperature of $34\pm$$1^{\circ}C$. Inorganic matter contents of flesh was observed no difference to the cultivars and also the temperature treatments. Root condition in harvesting time was better in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and was not difference in temperature treatments. Therefore, the rate of cracked fruit showed up a positive correlation to the flesh hardness, flesh dry weight, flesh firmness and root condition, and has not correlation to the flesh thickness and inorganic matter con-tents. In conclusion, differences in cultivar sensitivity and the highest rate of cracked fruit in daytime temperature of $34\pm$$1^{\circ}C$ may be partly due to difference in flesh characteristic and root condition but additional factors may be involved.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

The effects of girdling on fruit quality and cold resistance of 'Kyoho' grapes were investigated. Girdling treatment was conducted on the trunk at 10 cm above ground with 1 cm width and grapes were harvested at 90 and 110 days after full bloom to compare the fruit quality. First harvesting rate in girdling treatment was higher than that in non-girdling treatment and coloration was also higher in girdled vines at the final harvest. In other words, coloring process of grape was promoted and enhanced by girdling, but this effect of coloring improvement was decreased after successive girdling treatment. Fruit quality showed no difference between the treated and non-treated berries, but fruit cracking rate was lower in girdled treated berries. Girdled trees were weakened and suffered from freezing damage. Especially, most grapevines withered up after being girdled for three consecutive years. Although girdling had effect on improving the berry coloring significantly, the effect wore off with continuous girdling. And it was possible that consecutive girdling leaded to wither and growth suppression especially in grapevines. These adverse effects may make the continuous girdling technique unsuitable in practice for 'Kyoho' grape.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.239-252
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• 2023

Most apple trees in South Korea are grafted on M.9 and M.26 rootstocks; however, these rootstocks are susceptible to fire blight. Although M.7 rootstocks are moderately resistant to fire blight, they tend to exhibit excessive vigor, which is unsuitable for high-density planting, unless weak cultivars are used. This study investigated the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of apple trees grafted onto M.7, M.9, or M.26 rootstocks to assess the feasibility of establishing high-density apple orchards domestically using the M.7 rootstock a period of seven years (1-7 years after planting). Rootstocks were tested using three cultivars with contrasting induced vigor and harvesting times: vigorous and late-maturing 'Fuji,' moderate vigor and middle-maturing 'Hongro,' and low vigor and early-maturing 'Sansa.' The planting density was maintained constant, with 190 trees per 10 a. Primary thinning (leaving only the king fruit on clusters) was performed, whereas secondary thinning (controlling crop load) was not. Vegetative growth, accumulated yield per 10 a, and yield efficiency varied depending on cultivars and rootstocks; however, the cultivars had a more notable effect on fruit quality than the rootstocks. Biennial bearing often occurred in the M.26 rootstock. 'Fuji'/M.7 was overly vigorous for high-density planting. The fruit quality and accumulated yield per 10 a of M.7 were similar to those of M.9 with the 'Hongro' and 'Sansa' cultivars. In particular, 'Hongro'/M.7 did not show tree vigor reduction due to heavy crop load, and the degree of biennial bearing in 'Sansa'/M.7 was not particularly high. These results indicated that high-density apple planting using the M.7 rootstock was achievable using the 'Hongro' and 'Sansa' cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005