Comparisons of Growth and Fruit Quality of Citrullus lanatus cv. Mudeungsan and Citrullus vulgaris cv. Dalgona Grown in Fertigation and Soilless Culture

무등산수박과 달고나수박의 관비재배와 양액재배에 있어서 생육 및 과실품질의 비교

This experiment was conducted to compare with the growth and fruit quality of Citrullus lanatus cv. Mudeungsan and Citrullus vulgaris cv. Dalgona grown in fertigation and soilless culture. Seeds were sown on April 16 and transplanted on April 24, 1998. Cultural systems used in fertigation and soilless culture beds using mixed substrate, coir dust (50%) and perlite (50%). In the plot of fertigation system, the number of leaves of cv. Dalgona were increased more than that of cv Mudeungsan, but leaf area shown inversed trend. Plant growth shown greater in soilless culture than those of fertigation culture. In regardless of cultural systems, soluble solid content in fruit was higher in the cv. Dalgona than that of cv. Mudeungsan, but fruit fresh weight was greater in cv. Mudeungsan compare to the cv Dalgona. Nitrate content in petiole sap of watermelon in regardless of cultivars and cultural systems was 11.4∼13.4mg/gFW on 15 days after transplanting, and then increased to 17.1∼20.6mg/gFW on the fruit growth stage. Phosphorous content was 3.7∼5.7mg/gFW in the early growth stage while decreased to 0.6∼1.1mg/gFW from maturing stage to harvesting stage. Potassium content was increased to 5.8∼6.6mg/gFW in the early growth stage while decreased to 4.0∼4.8mg/gFW from pollination stage to harvesting stage. Calcium content in spa petiole of watermelon was higher in soilless culture as 3.4∼4.1mg/gFW than 2.5∼3.5mg/gFW of fertigation culture, but calcium content in fertigation culture during maturing stage was higher than that of soilless culture. The tendency of magnesium uptake was higher in fertigation culture than that of soilless culture, and was similarly absorbed in the range of 0.9∼1.3mg/gFW in regardless of cultural method after pollination. It was demonstrated that cv. Mudeungsan can be adapted to soilless culture and improved the fruit quality. Consequently, hydroponic possibility for year round culture in the greenhouse was recognized.

무등산수박과 달고나수박을 관비재배 및 양액재배에 대하여 비교 실험한 결과, 엽수는 달고나수박이 많은 반면 엽면적은 무등산수박이 높게 나타났고, 생체중 및 건물중에 있어서도 무등산수박이 달고나수박 보다 더 높게 나타났다. 엽수, 엽면적, 줄기당 생체중 및 건물중 등은 양액재배에서 더 양호한 생장을 나타내었다. 재배방식에 관계없이 당도는 달고나 수박이 무등산수박보다 훨씬 더 높은 반면 과실무게는 무등산수박이 더 높게 나타났다. 수박의 엽병내 질소함량은 정식후 15일에는 11.4∼13.4mg/gFW, 과실비대기에는 17.1∼20.6mg/gFW, 정도로 상승하였다. 인산은 생육초기 3.7∼5.7mg/gFW 정도에서 수확기에 이르면 0.6∼l.1mg/gFW 정도로 감소하였다. 칼리는 생육초기에 5.8∼6.6mg/gFW 정도였으나 수분기부터는 4.0∼4.8mg/gFW 범위로 흡수되었다. 칼슘의 흡수는 생육초기에는 양액재배 수박이 3.4∼4.1mg/gFW 범위로 관비재배 수박의 2.5∼3.5mg/gFW 범위보다 약간 많은 것으로 나타났지만 생육이 진전됨에 따라 관비재배 수박의 흡수량이 양액재배 수박의 흡수량보다 많아지는 경향이었다. 마그네슘의 흡수는 생육초기에 관비재배에서 훨씬 더 용이하게 흡수되는 경향이었으나 수분기 부터는 0.9∼l.3mg/gFW 범위로 일정하였다. 본 실험결과 무등산수박의 양액재배를 통한 품질향상 및 주년재배의 가능성이 인정되었다.