Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
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Influence of M.7 Apple Rootstock on Productivity and Fruit Quality of High Density 'Fuji', 'Hongro' and 'Sansa' Apple Trees

M.7 사과 대목이 고밀식 '후지' , '홍로' , '산사' 사과나무의 생산량 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

  • Young Soon Kwon (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong-Hee Kim (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Dong-Hoon Sagong (Department of Horticulture, College of Natural and Life Sciences, Daegu University) ;
  • Jong Taek Park (Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 권영순 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과연구소) ;
  • 김정희 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과연구소) ;
  • 사공동훈 (대구대학교 과학생명융합대학 원예학과) ;
  • 박종택 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과연구소)
  • Received : 2023.08.07
  • Accepted : 2023.09.11
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

Most apple trees in South Korea are grafted on M.9 and M.26 rootstocks; however, these rootstocks are susceptible to fire blight. Although M.7 rootstocks are moderately resistant to fire blight, they tend to exhibit excessive vigor, which is unsuitable for high-density planting, unless weak cultivars are used. This study investigated the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of apple trees grafted onto M.7, M.9, or M.26 rootstocks to assess the feasibility of establishing high-density apple orchards domestically using the M.7 rootstock a period of seven years (1-7 years after planting). Rootstocks were tested using three cultivars with contrasting induced vigor and harvesting times: vigorous and late-maturing 'Fuji,' moderate vigor and middle-maturing 'Hongro,' and low vigor and early-maturing 'Sansa.' The planting density was maintained constant, with 190 trees per 10 a. Primary thinning (leaving only the king fruit on clusters) was performed, whereas secondary thinning (controlling crop load) was not. Vegetative growth, accumulated yield per 10 a, and yield efficiency varied depending on cultivars and rootstocks; however, the cultivars had a more notable effect on fruit quality than the rootstocks. Biennial bearing often occurred in the M.26 rootstock. 'Fuji'/M.7 was overly vigorous for high-density planting. The fruit quality and accumulated yield per 10 a of M.7 were similar to those of M.9 with the 'Hongro' and 'Sansa' cultivars. In particular, 'Hongro'/M.7 did not show tree vigor reduction due to heavy crop load, and the degree of biennial bearing in 'Sansa'/M.7 was not particularly high. These results indicated that high-density apple planting using the M.7 rootstock was achievable using the 'Hongro' and 'Sansa' cultivars.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the research program (Project. No. PJ01189904) of Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea.

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